1、精選文檔精選文檔PAGEPAGE19精選文檔PAGE虛構(gòu)語氣語法總結(jié)虛構(gòu)語氣主要指的的是帶有非真切條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句，表達(dá)的是說話人的遺憾懊悔的語氣，夢(mèng)想以及建議，命令，要求等等的感情，常常說的是與事實(shí)相反或許沒方法實(shí)現(xiàn)改變的東西。虛構(gòu)語氣主要表現(xiàn)為在對(duì)過去此刻或許未來的狀況做出假定后，有可能出現(xiàn)的狀況。虛構(gòu)語氣的內(nèi)容主要有三大模塊1.虛構(gòu)條件句第一模塊就是波及到條件從句部分的內(nèi)容。這一部分的虛構(gòu)語氣主要表此刻三個(gè)方面：基本用法，各自為營，以及委婉之美。下表就是條件從句虛構(gòu)語氣的基本用法：往常，在上邊表格里反應(yīng)的是非真切條件句的虛構(gòu)語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)間是一致的，假如二者時(shí)間不一

2、致，此時(shí)就是混淆型虛構(gòu)語氣。混淆型虛構(gòu)語氣的使用要求“各自為營”，即從句和主句依據(jù)各自假定的時(shí)間不一樣，采納上邊表格中對(duì)應(yīng)的的謂語動(dòng)詞形式。如何“各自為營”呢？這就像是數(shù)學(xué)里的擺列組合，一邊有三種狀況，交錯(cuò)一搭配就出現(xiàn)了很多種狀況。不論如何，我們要按照一個(gè)原則，就是“各自為營”。比如，從句是對(duì)過去狀況的假定，而主句則是對(duì)此刻狀況的假定，那我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)，從句就用過去達(dá)成式，而主句要用would/coulddo的形式。自然，也不是全部的AB配就是合理的，有時(shí)在詳細(xì)語境下，會(huì)出現(xiàn)矛盾的狀況，這時(shí)我們就要聯(lián)合要表達(dá)的意思來判斷他們是對(duì)什么狀況的假定，選擇適合的形式。一般而言，主句的假定時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生在從句

3、的假定時(shí)間以后。由于是有這么一個(gè)條件才會(huì)出現(xiàn)主句的現(xiàn)狀。所以在此類的達(dá)成句子練習(xí)中，我們要特別提示注意時(shí)間狀語的示意1.IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.(從句是對(duì)過去的假定，主句是對(duì)此刻的假設(shè))2.Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.(從句是對(duì)過去的假定，主句是對(duì)此刻的假定)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.(從句和主句都是此刻的假定)4.Hadyoufollowedthedoctorssugge

4、stion,youwouldbefine從句now是對(duì).(過去的假定，主句是對(duì)此刻的假定)5.IfIhadmadesomemoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.(從句是對(duì)過去的假定，主句是對(duì)未來的假定)6.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn從句是對(duì)tbe過sotirednow.(去的假定，主句是對(duì)此刻的假定)7.IfLilydidntattendtodaysparty,shecouldthechancenothavtoworkinthecompanynextweek.(從句是對(duì)此刻的

5、假定，主句是對(duì)未來的假定)虛構(gòu)語氣在if指引的條件狀語從句中，特別注意虛構(gòu)語氣與倒裝的聯(lián)合，前提是省略if，這類狀況常見于過去和未來的假定，詳細(xì)表現(xiàn)是將if省略，把had,were,should之類詞語提前組成倒裝。比如：WereIyou,Iwouldgo.Shouldithappen,whatshouldyoudo?Hadherecognisedme,hewouldhavecomeover.虛構(gòu)語氣中的“委婉之美”指的是委婉虛構(gòu)語氣。由于有時(shí)假定的狀況其實(shí)不是以if指引的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是經(jīng)過一些短語等形式示意虛構(gòu)語氣的存在，常用的詞語有without,butfor,otherwise,

6、or等等，此時(shí)我們能夠從意思上推測(cè)出虛構(gòu)語氣的時(shí)間(考試時(shí)多半狀況是對(duì)過去的假定)。Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.（過去）Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.（此刻）Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.（過去）Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyouoff.（過去）2.should+do的用法虛構(gòu)語氣的第二模塊就是含有should+do的用法

7、，這一部分主假如有關(guān)建講和命令的有關(guān)從句，包含主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之有關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。這一部分的詞主要有常有的動(dòng)詞有advise,suggest,insist,order,require,recommend,command以及有關(guān)名詞等等。記憶口訣：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist)，兩個(gè)命令(order,command)，三個(gè)建議(suggest,advise,recommend)，四個(gè)要求(ask,require,demand,request)。賓語從句的虛構(gòu)語氣Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Hegivesordersthat

8、thesoldiers(should)leave.表語從句的虛構(gòu)語氣Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.同位語從句的虛構(gòu)語氣Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.4.主語從句的虛構(gòu)語氣主要表此刻It做形式主語的三種狀況：Its+p.p+that；Its+adj.+that；Its+n.+that常用的動(dòng)詞:recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest,command常用的形容詞:important,necessary,right,adv

9、isable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential常用的名詞:duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret其實(shí)這些詞在句子中其實(shí)也有建議命令近似的的意思Itsimportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.Itsapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.Itsessentialthatweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.Itsdemandedthatal

10、lthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.5.It為形式賓語的狀況其實(shí)是上邊形式主語的一種變形，是以it為形式賓語的復(fù)合賓語從句，it后邊的賓語補(bǔ)足語多為形容詞或名詞，常有詞就是上邊形式主語后邊的那些詞。Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.某些詞語如suggest,insist等有兩重含義，所以在使用的時(shí)候要注意什么時(shí)候用虛構(gòu)語氣，什么時(shí)候不用虛構(gòu)語氣。Hersmilesuggestedthatsh

11、ewasinfavoroftheplan.Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.3.特別句式虛構(gòu)語氣的第三大模塊指的是虛構(gòu)語氣在特別句式中的運(yùn)用。句這些句式使用的虛構(gòu)語氣與上邊的虛構(gòu)語氣會(huì)有所不一樣：wouldrather在使用時(shí)要注意它的不一樣用法。由于自己wouldrather能夠直接接動(dòng)詞原形，組成wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.else);或許woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虛構(gòu)語氣的wouldrather是這樣使用的wouldrathersb.did(對(duì)此刻或未來的假定)/haddone(對(duì)過

12、去的假定)IwouldratherhedidnTheywouldrathertheyhadntgonow.tattendedtheparty.Its(about)(high)time(that)從句中常用過去式(有時(shí)也用shoulddo),含建議的意思。漢語的意思為“是該做的時(shí)候了”，也等于Itstimeforsb.todosth.Itshightime(that)wewenthome.Itshightimethatwe(should)gohome.forfearthat后邊能夠接虛構(gòu)語氣shoulddo，也能夠接其余語氣，但依舊會(huì)有一個(gè)神態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Iwillnotmakeanoiseforfe

13、arthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly這三種狀況的虛構(gòu)語氣有點(diǎn)相像。wish后的賓語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛構(gòu)語氣，其形式主要有三種wishsb.did(對(duì)此刻的虛擬);wishsb.haddone(對(duì)過去的虛構(gòu));wishsb.woulddo(對(duì)未來的虛構(gòu)).有時(shí)在對(duì)過去的虛構(gòu)時(shí)，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)wishsb.wouldhavedone的狀況。IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.IwishIwouldhaveseenherlas

14、tnight.此時(shí)要注意表示語氣很強(qiáng)時(shí)用Howsb.wish+clause,其用法同上。假如要用was依舊換成were.比如：HowIwishIwereabird.asif/though出現(xiàn)的虛構(gòu)語氣主要有兩種狀況：主句+asif/though指引的狀語從句；seem/look/smell+asif/though指引的表語從句。主句+asif/though指引的狀語從句：主句+asif/though+主語+did/were(對(duì)此刻的假定)；主句+asif/though+主語+could/woulddo(對(duì)未來的假定)；主句+asif/though+主語+haddone(對(duì)過去的假定)seem/

15、look/smell等的從句狀況基本上和上邊一致。比如：Shetalksasifshekneweverything.注意不需要用虛構(gòu)語氣的狀況Ifonly惹起的嘆息句要求用虛構(gòu)語氣，表示夢(mèng)想。形式為：用過去式或許would/coulddo,表示與此刻或未來事實(shí)相反的夢(mèng)想；用過去達(dá)成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的夢(mèng)想。Ifonlyhewerehere!Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!Ifonly也能夠用于虛構(gòu)條件從句中，如：IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!虛構(gòu)語氣專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練The

16、boyacted_hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since_tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.HadhegoneIfyouwereolder,I_youtogothereyesterday.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce.A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bringIwishI_

17、abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.waswerehadbeenshouldbeIfwe_heretenminutesearlier,we_thebus.A.arrived/wouldcatchB.arrived/wouldhavecaughtC.hadarrived/hadcaughtD.hadarrived/wouldhavecaughtIfI_moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadHewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe_tothemeeting.A.woul

18、dcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcomeTheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_rightaway.A.wouldbearrestedB.mustbearrestedC.bearrestedD.hadtobearrestedJanesuncleinsisted_inthishotelanylonger.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_you.A.wouldcometoB.wouldcomeatC.wouldhavecometowardD.willcometoWithoutelec

19、tricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeHowIwishI_torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttryHedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport_immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewrittenThemaninsistedt

20、hathe_there.A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentsentbesentIfhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm_.A.hewillbealivenowB.hewouldbealivenowC.hewouldhavebeenalivenowD.isIfit_tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?rainsweretorainwouldrainrainItisrequiredthatyou_atsix.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarriveIfonlyI_howtooperateanelectronicco

21、mputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knewHespokeinaquiet,distinctvoice,asthoughhisthought_.A.wasfarawayB.hadbeenfarawayC.werefarawayD.wentfaraway.Ifit_rain,we_getwet.Ifhe_totheteacherattentively,he_theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldh

22、aveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknowButfortheParty,he_ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavedied_today,hewouldgotthereforholiday.A.WasheleavingB.WerehetoleaveC.WouldheleaveD.IfheleavesIwouldhavecomeearlier,butI_thatyouwerewaitingforme.A.didntknowB.hadntknowItshightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldtoB.wentC.goD.willgoIt

23、seemsasifit_rain.willisgoingtoistoweregoingto28.Idratheryou_rightaway.leaveleftwillleavetoleaveHeisworkinghardforfearthathe_.A.failsB.failedC.wouldfailD.failItisreallystrangethatthegirl_soearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry31.SupposingI_thisgift,whatwouldhesay?acceptacceptedsho

24、uldacceptwouldacceptTheteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegivenIwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty.attendedhadattendedwouldattendwouldhaveattendedHeinsistedthathe_mebefore.A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.sawThetwostranger

25、stalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenWe_ourliveshaditnotbeenforthepoliceman.Ithoughtyouwouldcomebacktomorrow.IwouldifI_toattendameeting.A.donthaveB.didnthaveC.willnothaveD.wouldnothave38.Hewishes_mistakes.A.hedoesnalwaystmakeB.heisntalwaysmakingC.hedidntalwaysmakeD.hewou

26、ldntalwaysmakingIt_veryniceifonlyitwerepossible.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.wereWithoutyourhelp,ourteam_thelastmatch.A.wontwin41.Iwish_Iwhattodo.A.knewB.haveknownC.knowD.wouldknow_,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.IhadbeenyouIfIhadhurried,I_thetrain.HeinsistedthatJohn_it.A.do

27、B.doesC.didD.woulddoItishightimewe_off.A.areB.wereC.beD.willbeHefeltasifhe_moretimetostudyforthetest.A.needsB.wereneededC.neededItisimportantthatI_withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeakJameswisheshe_thefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.A.sawB.seeC.hadbeenseenD.hadseenIwish_.50.IfIh

28、adknownthat,I_so.A.wouldntdowontdohavenotdoneThedoctorsuggestedthatshe_.A.willnotsmokeB.notsmokeC.wouldnotsmokeD.didnotsmoke52.IfI_you,Iwouldntreturnthecall.beamwaswereYoutalkasifyou_there.A.werereallyB.hasreallybeenC.hadreallybeenD.wouldreallybeHesuggestedthatthework_atonce.A.wouldstartedB.wouldbes

29、tartedItisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourschool.A.willhappenB.happenC.shouldhappenD.happenedItisimperativethatyou_ontime.arewillbebewouldbeIdidntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentItistimewe_upourresults.sumsummedwillsumwouldsumIfthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild_.A.wouldnotdieB.

30、wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.couldnothavediedDr.Bethuneworkedhardasifhe_.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.amreadingYouarelate.Ifyou_afewminutesearlier,you_him.A.came/wouldmeetIwishmyhusband_aswellasyours.A.haddressedB.dressC.willdressD.

31、dressedEdisonkeptphosphoruscarefullyinabottlelestit_.A.wouldburnB.burnedC.wasburningD.shouldburnHelookedasifhe_illforalongtime.waswerehasbeenhadbeenIfthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchild_.A.wouldnothavebeenliedtherefortwohoursB.wouldnothavelaidtherefortwohoursC.wouldnothaveliedtherefortwohoursD.woul

32、dnothavelaintherefortwohoursIwishthatI_withyoulastnight.wentcouldgohavegonecouldhavegoneLetssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_feel?A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou69.Mr.BrownleftforLondonlongago.Thatspity.Iwish_.IllhavemethimIhadmethimIdmeethim70.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.knewk

33、nowshasknownhadknown71.IwishI_.willtellhimthatdidnttellhimthattoldhimnotthathadnottoldhimthat72.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.wouldmeetwouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet73.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.teacheswillteachhastaughtwouldteachIw

34、ouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossiblebutI_sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbeIwishI_abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.werehadbeenwasIfit_anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didseeHesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.would

35、C.doMyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogoIwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_time.hadwouldhavehad80.Johnwished_.hewillstudymorehehadstudiedmorehestudieshewonthavestudiedmore81.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_.gotosleepwenttosleepgotobedwenttobed82.“Wh

36、ydidntyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.”Irecommendedthatthestudent_hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwritingIfshecouldsew,_.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat_today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveHisdoctorsuggestedthathe_ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took87.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,iftheydonlyletusknowatearlier,thestation.A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthemIfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was/shallpayB.a