1、Lesson 57New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑serve v. 接待（顧客）scornfully adv. 輕蔑地punish v. 懲罰fur n. 裘皮eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的Madam /mdm / n. (對婦女的尊稱) 太太，夫人1) 信的稱呼Dear madam,2) 關(guān)于女性的稱呼3) 關(guān)于男性的稱呼Miss1) 對未婚女子姓名的稱謂 Miss Hill2) 小學(xué)生對女教師的尊稱 Miss YuMrs. 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前） Mrs. BrownMs. 女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）M

2、s. MaryMr.先生（男子姓或姓名前，職務(wù)前）Mr. White 懷特先生Mr. President 總統(tǒng)先生Sir對男子的禮貌稱呼 Yes, sir.中小學(xué)生對男老師的稱呼 信的稱呼 Dear Sirjeans /di:nz /n. 牛仔褲世界第一條牛仔褲的發(fā)明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特勞斯）A woman in jeans clothes shoesshirt 襯衫 boots 靴子coat 大衣 sandals 涼鞋sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋T-shirt T恤衫dress 連衣裙skirt 短裙pants 褲子jacket 夾克衫vest 背心shi

3、rtcoatsweaterT-shirtdressskirtpantsjacketvesthesitate /heztet /v. 猶豫，遲疑hesitate 的用法hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不猶豫1) hesitate at/over/about sthHe hesitates at nothing. 他從不優(yōu)柔寡斷。2) hesitate to do sthDont hesitate to say no.3) hesitate in doing sthI hesitated in telling the truth.serve /s: v / 1)

4、 v. 服務(wù)，為.效力，接待（顧客）serve as 擔(dān)任He served two terms as President.serve a sentence 服刑2) (食物)足夠.人的份額The cake can serve ten people.Service n. 服務(wù)at ones service 為某人效勞service station 加油站service industry 服務(wù)業(yè)servev. 接待(顧客)Can I serve you in any way? 我能幫你忙嗎？New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑s

5、erve v. 接待（顧客）adv. 輕蔑地scornfullyscornfully /sk:nfl/ adv. 輕蔑地Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.scorn v. 鄙視scornful adj. 鄙視的，輕蔑的A scornful smileA scornful lookscorn /sk:n/n. 鄙視，輕蔑pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口氣說到某人某事2) v. 鄙視，傲慢的拒絕scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒絕某人的邀請 scorn sbs advi

6、ce 鄙視某人的建議scorn sbs offer 拒絕某人的幫助punish懲罰punish sb. 懲罰某人The boy was punished for being late. 這男孩因遲到受到處分。punish /pn /v. 懲罰punish sb for sthThe teacher punished him for cheating on the exam.give a lesson to sb 教訓(xùn)某人一頓teach sb a lesson 教訓(xùn)某人一頓punishment n. 懲罰 capital punishment 死刑fur /f: /n. 裘皮，皮毛A coat

7、of fur = a fur coatMake the fur fly 引起爭吵，打倒leather 皮革feather 羽毛eageradj. 熱切的,熱情的be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 I am eager to do it. 我極想做這件事。eager /i: /adj. 熱切的，渴望的1) be eager for sthWe are eager for success.2) be eager to do sthThe assistant was eager to serve her this time.New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人jeans n. 牛

8、仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑serve v. 接待（顧客）scornfully adv. 輕蔑地punish v. 懲罰fur n. 裘皮eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的Enjoy the storyCan I help you, madam?Find two words to describe the change of the man.Before.scornfully After.eagerWhat does the word “scornfully” mean？What caused the change?Before.jeans 牛仔褲After.fur coat 裘皮

9、大衣Dialogue （對話） Man: Can I help you, madam (夫人)?Woman: Yes. May I try on this dress?Man: Im afraid that the dress was sold. In fact, the dress is not sold.This man looked down upon 看不起 the woman.This man is really a snob(勢利眼).1. Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and tell her

10、that the dress was sold?He did not like the way she was dressed.2. How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning?She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.3.Did the woman get

11、what she wanted?Yes, she did.A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.1. 穿戴小結(jié)2. at 和in 的區(qū)別3. expensivecheapmore expensive/the most expensivecheaper/cheapestdo window shoppingdo window shoppingdress, wear, put on, in, with的用法小結(jié)1. in是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞，著重于服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語只能作表語或定語。Can you

12、see that woman in the blue coat?你能看見那個(gè)穿藍(lán)外套的女士嗎？He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。2. put on “穿上、戴上”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”“戴”的動(dòng)作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿這件外套，戴這頂帽子。Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。3. wear “穿著；戴著”，表示狀態(tài)，賓語可以是衣帽，也可以是飾物、獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌?/p>

13、。例如：Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的時(shí)候, 最好要穿藍(lán)色或黑色褲子。Why does he often wear dark sun-glasses? 他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽鏡？4. dress的賓語通常是人，意思是“給穿衣服”1） dress oneself 或 get dressed表示給自己穿衣服。 My son is now able to dress himself. 我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會(huì)穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 該起床穿衣服了。2）be

14、 dressed in 的意思是“穿著”，表示狀態(tài)。He was dressed in a black suit. 他穿著一套黑衣服3）dress up的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮”。Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你為我的生日派對打扮打扮。be dressed in dress sbdress oneselfdress up盛裝打扮穿著為自己穿衣服為穿衣服1.She was dressed in black.2.Mother would dress you when you were young.3.To

15、m is old enough to dress himself.4.Children dress up and go to their neighbors homes to ask for sweets.the way she was dressedThe way后跟定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞可用in which/that/不填5. with表示穿戴，只能作定語，而且只能和眼鏡、手套等連用，不能接衣服。The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.戴深度眼鏡那個(gè)男孩是我們的班長。with表示某人有某生理特征。 The police are looking for

16、a man with a scar on his face.警察正在搜尋一個(gè)臉上有疤的人。at 和 in 表示地點(diǎn)的區(qū)別1. 在表示地點(diǎn)或場所時(shí)，一般來講，較大的地方用in,較小的地方用atThere were a lot of people in the street.I would like to live in a warm country.He lives at 27 West Street.Ill see you at the station.2. 當(dāng)用at 或 in 來談?wù)摻ㄖ飼r(shí)，in強(qiáng)調(diào)在建筑物里面，at則籠統(tǒng)的指在這個(gè)建筑物周圍。at the restaurant 可以是在餐

17、館里面，也可以在餐館附近in the restaurant強(qiáng)調(diào)在餐館里面Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.1. though 引導(dǎo)的讓步條件句though譯為雖然但是 后面不可以加but2. 關(guān)于moment 的詞組3. ask的用法關(guān)于moment的詞組at the moment 眼下,當(dāng)前 for the moment 暫時(shí),目前 at this/that moment 在此、那時(shí) at this moment in t

18、ime 此時(shí)此刻 in a moment 立刻、馬上 for a moment 一會(huì)兒 wait/just a moment 稍等一小會(huì)兒 the last moment 最后一刻 big moment 大好時(shí)機(jī) choose/pick your moment選擇好的時(shí)機(jī) ask的用法1. ask about sth (sb) 詢問有關(guān)某人或某事的情況She asked about his health. 她詢問他的健康狀況。2. ask after sb 問候某人(的健康)。They all ask after you. 他們都問候你(的健康)。3. ask for sth 要求得到某物或要

19、求與某人見面。He asked for some water. 他要些水。4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或請某人給某物。They asked me for help. 他們向我求助。5. ask to do sth要求或請求做某事。He asked to go alone. 他要求一個(gè)人去。6. ask sb to do sth 請或叫某人做某事。He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我們在門口等他。The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

20、like的用法like 的用法1. like + 名詞/代詞 表示喜歡某人或某物She likes her students very much.2. like doing sth. 喜歡做某事I like reading.3. like to do sth.喜歡做某事I dont like to read this evening.Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. 分詞作狀語分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He

21、 went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。3. 分詞的否定形式就是在分詞前加notNot having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.4. 分詞作狀語時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語須和謂語動(dòng)詞的主語一致，否則分

22、詞必須有自己的主語。這種帶主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)稱作分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，或獨(dú)立主格。The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.1. decide 的用法decide v.決定，決心；名詞形式為decision1)跟名詞或代詞It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.決定人類命運(yùn)的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves.問題將由他們自己決定。2)跟不定式 decide to

23、 do sthHe decided to give a one-man show. 他決定唱一段獨(dú)角戲。3)跟從句Lets first decide where we should go. 我們先決定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there. 還沒有決定我們是不是去那兒。4)跟介詞短語(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出決定”)Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。She returned to the shop the following morni

24、ng dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.1. The following morning = the next morningAfter seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.seek sb/sth out = reach out 找出，搜尋出seek for = look for = search forseek sought soughtNot realizing who sh

25、e was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.1. Not realizing who she was 分詞的否定形式2. be eager to do 熱切的做某事With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.1. As soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 的用法As soon as,

26、hardlywhen, no soonerthan1) as soon as A事發(fā)生后就做B這件事Ill write you as soon as I get there.2) no soonerthan 剛做完A這件事就做B這件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.3) hardlywhen 幾乎未來得及做完A這件事就做B這件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.She enjoyed herself making the assistant

27、bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.1. enjoy sb doing sth 開心做某事2. 使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have3. 程度副詞使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have1）make, let, have后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，即 make/have/let sb. do sth.make sb. do sth (含迫使、強(qiáng)迫之意) 讓某人做某事I cant make him change his mind. The tea

28、cher made the boy write the exercise again. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 （無強(qiáng)迫之意）Dont let him persuade you. 不要讓他把你說服了。Dont let the children touch anything in this roomplease. 程度副詞的種類1. 肯定absolutely, almost, completely, enough, entirely, extremely, fairly, far, just, much, nearly, only, quite, rather, reall

29、y, so, too, very等。2. 否定barely, scarcely, hardly獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是：主格名詞/代詞 + 分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(作邏輯主語） （作邏輯謂語） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名詞/代詞 + 分詞 (過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）主格名詞/代

30、詞 + 形容詞1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名詞/代詞 + 副詞The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名詞/代詞 + 不定式主格名詞/代詞

31、+介詞短語Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 與 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 它們都可以在句中作原因狀語、伴隨狀況狀語、條件狀語、時(shí)間狀語或結(jié)果狀語用，一般也可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。雖然它們的語法功能和意義相同，但其結(jié)構(gòu)形式和名稱卻不相同。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是： with+名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是： 主格名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語一、作時(shí)間狀語 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.二、作原因狀語 1、With the w