1、石拱橋的橋洞成弧形，就像虹。古代神話里說，雨后彩虹是人間天上的橋”，通過彩虹就能 上天。我國的詩人愛把拱橋比作虹，說拱橋是“臥虹”飛虹”，把水上拱橋形容為“長虹臥波”。石拱橋在世界橋梁史上出現(xiàn)得比較早。這種橋不但形式優(yōu)美，而且結(jié)構(gòu)堅固，能幾十年幾 百年甚至上千年雄跨在江河之上，在交通方面發(fā)揮作用。我國的石拱橋有悠久的歷史。水經(jīng)注里提到的“旅人橋”，大約建成于公元282年，可 能是有記載的最早的石拱橋了。我國的石拱橋幾乎到處都有。這些橋大小不一，形式多樣， 有許多是驚人的杰作。其中最著名的當推河北省趙縣的趙州橋，還有北京豐臺區(qū)的盧溝橋。趙州橋橫跨在洨河上，是世界著名的古代石拱橋，也是造成后一直使

2、用到現(xiàn)在的最古的石 橋。這座橋修建于公元605年左右，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)一千三百多年了，還保持著原來的雄姿。到 解放的時候，這座古橋又恢復了青春。趙州橋非常雄偉，全長50.82米，兩端寬9.6米，中部略窄，寬9米。橋的設(shè)計完全合乎科 學原理，施工技術(shù)更是巧妙絕倫。唐朝的張嘉貞說它制造奇特，人不知其所以為”。這座橋 的特點是：（一）全橋只有一個大拱，長達37.4米，在當時可算是世界上最長的石拱。橋洞 不是普通半圓形，而是像一張弓，因而大拱上面的道路沒有陡坡，便于車馬上下。（二）大 拱的兩肩上，各有兩個小拱。這是創(chuàng)造性的設(shè)計，不但節(jié)約了石料，減輕了橋身的重量，而 且在河水暴漲的時候，還可以增加橋洞的過水量

3、，減輕洪水對橋身的沖擊。同時，拱上加拱， 橋身也更美觀。（三）大拱由28道拱圈拼成，就像這么多同樣形狀的弓合龍在一起，作成了 一個弧形的橋洞。每道拱圈都能獨立支撐上面的重量，一道壞了，其他各道不致受到影響。（四）全橋結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，和四周景色配合得十分和諧；橋上的石欄石板也雕刻得古樸美觀。唐 朝的張需說，遠望這座橋就像“初月出云，長虹引澗”。趙州橋高度的技術(shù)水平和不朽的藝術(shù) 價值，充分顯示出了我國勞動人民的智慧和力量。橋的主要設(shè)計者李春就是一位杰出的工匠， 在橋頭的碑文里刻著他的名字。永定河上的盧溝橋，修建于公元1189到1192年間。橋長265米，由11個半圓形的石拱組成， 每個石拱長度不一，自1

4、6米到21.6米。橋?qū)捈s8米，路面平坦，幾乎與河面平行。每兩個石 拱之間有石砌橋墩，把11個石拱聯(lián)成一個整體。由于各拱相聯(lián)，所以這種橋叫做聯(lián)拱石橋。 永定河發(fā)水時，來勢很猛，以前兩岸河堤常被沖毀，但是這座橋卻極少出事，足見它的堅固。 橋面用石板鋪砌，兩旁有石攔石柱。每個柱頭上都雕刻著不同姿態(tài)的獅子。這些石刻獅子， 有的母子相抱，有的交頭接耳，有的像傾聽水聲，有的像注視行人，千態(tài)萬狀惟妙惟肖。早在13世紀，盧溝橋就聞名世界。那時候有個意大利人馬可波羅來過中國，他的游記里， 十分推崇這座橋，說它“是世界上獨一無二的”，并且特別欣賞橋攔柱上刻的獅子，說它們“共 同構(gòu)成美麗的奇觀”。在國內(nèi)，這座橋也是

5、歷來為人們所稱贊的。它地處入都要道，而且建 筑優(yōu)美，“盧溝曉月”很早就成為北京的勝景之一。盧溝橋在我國人民反抗帝國主義侵略戰(zhàn)爭的歷史上，也是值得紀念的。1937年7月7日中 國軍隊在此抗擊日本帝國主義的侵略，揭開抗日戰(zhàn)爭的序幕。為什么我國的石拱橋會有這樣光輝的成就呢？首先，在于我國勞動人民的勤勞和智慧。他 們制作石料的工藝極其精巧，能把石料切成整塊大石碑，又能把石塊雕刻成各中形象。在建 筑技術(shù)上有很多創(chuàng)造，在起重吊裝方面更有意想不到的辦法。如福建漳州的江東橋，修建于 八百年前，有的石梁一塊就有二百來噸重，究竟是怎樣安裝上去的，至今還不完全知道。其 次，我國石拱橋的設(shè)計有優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，建成的橋，用料

6、省，結(jié)構(gòu)巧，強度高。再其次，我國富 有建筑用的各種石料，便于就地取材，這也為修造石橋提供了有利條件。兩千年來，我國修建了無數(shù)的石拱橋。解放后，全國大規(guī)模興建起各種形式的公路橋和鐵 路橋。其中就有不少石拱橋。1961年，云南省建成可一座世界最長的獨拱石橋，名叫“長虹 大橋”，石拱長達112.5米。在傳統(tǒng)的石拱橋的基礎(chǔ)上，我們還造了大量的鋼筋混凝土拱橋， 其中“雙曲拱橋”是我國勞動人民的新創(chuàng)造，是世界上所僅有的。近幾年來，全國早了總長二 十余萬米的這種拱橋，其中最大的一孔，長達150米。我國橋梁事業(yè)的飛躍發(fā)展，表明了我 國社會主義制度的無比優(yōu)越。can god. The poet love the

7、 arch bridge in China compared to the rainbow bridge is lying, said, FeiHong rainbow the water arch bridge described as wave changhong lie.In the world QiaoLiangShi stone appear on early. This bridge is not only form graceful, but also firm structure, can decades hundreds of years and even thousands

8、 of years across the rivers, the above a role in traffic.Chinas arch has a long history. The water that we mentioned in the note , bridge traveler, completed in AD about 282 years, may be the earliest recorded the arch. Chinas arch almost is everywhere. These bridge diverse forms, size is differ, th

9、ere are many is breathtaking masterpiece. One of the most famous when push zhaozhou bridge in hebei province, and the zhao country the lugouqiao Beijing fengtai district.Zhaozhou bridge spanned the Xiao river, is a world famous ancient arch, is also causes has been using to now after the most ancien

10、t stone bridge. The bridge built in AD 605 years or so, until now has more than 1300 years, also to maintain the original grand appearance. To liberation, the ancient Bridges and restore the youth.Zhaozhou bridge stretches very grand 50.82 meters wide 9.6 meters on both ends, central slightly narrow

11、er, wide 9 meters. Bridge design quite scientific principle, construction technology is clever unsurpassed. Tang dynasty ZhangJiaZhen said it manufacturing strange, knows the so for. The bridge is (a) the characteristics of the whole bridge for only one arch, at that time 37.1 meters can be the worl

12、ds longest arch. Little not ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, thus arch above the road not steep, facilitate chariots and horses fluctuation. (2) arch, each with two shoulders two small arch. This is creative design, not only save the stone, reduce the weight of the bridge, and in the river boom

13、when, still can increase the little to water, reduce the impact of flood bridge. Meanwhile, arch bridge also add arch, more beautiful. (3) by 28 word arch arch ring Mosaic, like so many of the same shape closure together, bow finish a of arc little. Every word the arch ring can independent support t

14、he weight of the above, a broken, the other way not affected. (4) the whole bridge structure well-balanced, and around with very harmonious scenery; On the bridge to boulder fence SLATE also sculpture of of primitive simplicity and beautiful. Tang dynasty zhang Zhuo said, gazing out the bridge like

15、ChuYue cloud, changhong lead gorge. Zhaozhou bridge highly technical level and immortal artistic value, fully showed our working peoples wisdom and power. Bridge LiChun is an outstanding chief designer of the artisans, the inscription on the bridge engraved his name.The lugouqiao, built in yongding

16、river in AD 1189 to 1192 years. The bridge length by 11 265 meters, each of the trio semicircular arch length is differ, since 16 meters to a career-high 21.6 meters. Bridge about 8 meters, width, with the river road flat almost parallel. Between every two arch bridge, which represent a whole 11 tri

17、o. Because each arch bridge connected, so this kind GongShiQiao called united. When yongding river once before, powerless gale, cross-straits embankment is often destroyed, but the bridge seldom an accident, it serves to show its strong. Bridge deck with SLATE slabs, lined with stone block columns.

18、Each stigma is carved with different attitude on the lion. These carved stone lion, some mother-child phase embrace, some whisper, some like to listen to the water, some like watching the passersby, 1000 state pulled perfectly.As early as the 13th century, the lugouqiao is world famous. At that time

19、 a Italian Marco Polo came to China in his travels, esteem the bridge, said it is the only one in the world, and particularly appreciate bridge block column engraved lion, saying they together constitute a beautiful wonders. At home, the bridge is always the praise for people. It is located in the o

20、ceans, and the building is beautiful, Lou ditch both very would have become one of the sites in Beijing.The lugouqiao in our people against imperialism invasion war history, was also memorable. July 7, 1937 Chinese troops in the Japanese imperialist aggression, revealing the prelude of the Anti-Japa

21、nese War.Why Chinas arch will have such brilliant achievements? First of all, in our diligence and wisdom of the labouring people. They make stone craft extremely exquisite, can cut into the stone block DaShiBei, and can put rocks carved into the image. There are many in building technology creation

22、, during the hoisting aspects to more surprises. As in zhangzhou JiangDongQiao, constructed in the 800 years ago, some ShiLiang a have 200 to tons, what exactly is how to install up, still dont fully know. Secondly, the design of the bridge in China tradition, built bridge, with makings provinces, structure skillful, high strength. Third, Chinas wealthy all kinds of stone, facilitate used for local materials, it also pro