1、 中考英語語法專題復習動詞時態(tài)教案初中英語時態(tài)用法分類詳解一、基本概念英語語法中的時態(tài)（tense）是一種動詞形式，不同的時態(tài)用以表示不同的時間與方式。 是表示行為、動作、狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式，在英語中有16種時態(tài)，初中階段需要學習8種，重點掌握6種。二、基本分類一般過去將來將來過去一般過去將來將來過去現(xiàn)在進行進行完成(1)完成完成進行完成進行紅色笑臉代表6種必須熟練掌握的時態(tài)；黃色笑臉代表2種只要求理解其構成和用法的時態(tài)。紅色笑臉紅色笑臉代表6種必須熟練掌握的時態(tài)；黃色笑臉代表2種只要求理解其構成和用法的時態(tài)。紅色笑臉紅色笑臉代表6種必須熟練掌握的時態(tài)；黃色笑臉代表2種只要求理解其

2、構成和用法的時態(tài)。(2)111 past present future 一般過去時 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般將來時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去將來時三、動詞的五種基本形式形式變化規(guī)則例詞動詞原形不帶to的動詞不定式形式be，do，learn，have第三人稱單數(shù)在動詞原形后直接加-srun-runs like-likes以ch，sh，s，o，x結尾的動詞，在詞尾加-esteach-teaches wash-washes pass-passes go-goesdo-does fix-fixes輔音字母y結尾的動詞: 將y變?yōu)閕再加-esstudy-studies try-tri

3、es以元音字母加y結尾的動詞：在詞尾加+sstay-stays play-plays特殊變化的動詞have-has be-is現(xiàn)在分詞一般變化：動詞原形后直接加+ingwork-working study-studying以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞: 去e再加+inglive-living write-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞: 雙寫末尾字母再加+ingstop-stopping refer-referringsit-sitting begin-beginning少數(shù)以ie結尾的動詞：去ie變?yōu)閥再加+ingdie-dying lie-lying tie-tyin

4、g過去式和過去分詞（規(guī)則變化）一般變化：在動詞原形后加-edwork-worked以e結尾的動詞：直接加-dlive-lived以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞: 雙寫最后字母再+edstop-stopped prefer-preferredplan-planned以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞：去y變?yōu)閕再加+edcarry-carried study-studiedcry-cried一般現(xiàn)在時四、用法詳解 一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時的構成類別構成方法例詞一般情況加-slook-looks, come-comes, play-plays以字母s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的動詞加-

5、esguess-guesses, fix-fixes, teach-teaches以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞變y為i，再加-esstudy-studies, carry-carries（2）一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。與often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week, twice a month, every day, every week等表示頻度的副詞和時間狀語連用。 例如：I often take a bus to school. 表示客觀事實或普遍真理。例如： The earth is

6、 round. 注意：在賓語從句中，若從句為客觀真題，從句的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的影響，一直用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Miss Wang told us that the light travels faster than the sound. 在時間、條件等狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如： When I grow up, I will go to America. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. He seldom _ exercises at school, so he is very fat.A. takes B. tak

7、e C. took D. will take2. What did the teacher say just now? He said that the earth _ around the sun.A. go B. goes C. went D. to go一般過去時 一般過去時（1）一般過去時的構成-動詞的規(guī)則變化類別構成方法例詞讀音規(guī)則一般情況加-edlook-looked，start-started清輔音后面讀作/t/；濁輔音和元音后面讀/d/；/t/和/d/后面讀/id/。以e結尾的動詞加-dhope-hoped，use-used以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔

8、音字母，再加-edstop-stopped，plan-planned以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞變y為i，再加-edstudy-studied，worry-worried注意：很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，在平時的學習中注意積累。（2）一般過去時的用法 與過去時連用的時間狀語有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, the other day, just now等。 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如： We visited a farm last Sunday. 表示過去的習慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)

9、生的動作。過去常常做某事也可用 used to do sth. 來表示，例如： When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. I used to swim in the river when I was in the countryside.3. Simon looks worried because he _a writing competition and now hes waiting for the result. A. entersB. enteredC. will enter D. is entering4. S

10、ome of my classmates _ an English play at the art festival two days ago. A. haveB. hadC. hasD. having5. I _ one of my old friends in the supermarket the other day.A. meet B. meets C. met D. meeting一般一般將來時 （1）一般將來時的用法 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用句型為“主語+will / shall+”或者“be going to +”構成。常與表示將來的時間狀語，如soon,

11、tomorrow, next year, next time, in a few days等連用。其常用否定形式為“wont/ shall not”或者“be not going to +” 例如： We wont / shall not be free tonight.幾種表示將來含義的形式 助動詞will (wont) + 動詞原形。例如： We wont leave before 9 oclock. There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River. 在疑問句中，當主語是第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。例如： What

12、 shall we do in our English class tomorrow?注意：在下面幾種情況下只可用shall（will）表示將來，而不可以用be going to 結構。 a. 表示有禮貌地詢問對方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請或命令時。例如： Will you please lend me your bike? 請你把自行車借給我用一下好嗎？ b. 表示帶有意愿色彩的時候。例如： We will help him if he asks us. 如果他向我們求助，我們愿意幫助他。 c. 表示單純性的將來，與人的主觀愿望和判斷無關時。例如： The sun will rise tomo

13、rrow morning. 太陽將在明天早上升起。 “be going to + 動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生某事或打算、計劃做某事。 例如：We are going to see a film this afternoon. There is going to be a party on Saturday evening. 注意：當表示根據(jù)跡象推斷肯定要發(fā)生的事（由指天氣）時，此時不能用will替代。例如： Look at the clouds, theres going to be a storm tonight. come, go, start, leave, return 等少數(shù)動詞常用一般

14、現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時表示安排或計劃好的將來的行為。 例如：The train leaves the station at 7:15. The whole family is going for two months. 在時間狀語從句中和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來要發(fā)生的事。例如： I will give the note to him as soon as he comes back.My uncle _ to join us in five days.A. will come B. comes C. come D. came7. According to the weather re

15、port, there _ a heavy snow in the following two days .A. will be B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have8. By the year 2020, the population _ much larger than it is today.A. are B. will have C. will be D. is going to9. I dont know if he _ this afternoon. If he _, let me know.A. comes, com

16、es B. will come, comesC. will come, will comeD. comes, comes 現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時（1）現(xiàn)在分詞-ing的構成規(guī)則類別構成方法例詞一般情況加-inggo-going，ask-asking以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞去掉e，再加-ingmake-making，write-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ingget-getting，sit-sitting，put-puttingrun-running，begin-beginning（2）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法 表示此時此刻正在進行的的動作。其時間狀

17、語多為now或現(xiàn)在的具體時刻，或含有l(wèi)ook, listen, watch之類的暗示詞時，或從上下文語境中體現(xiàn)出來。 例如：Be quiet! The little boy is sleeping. Look, Lucy is climbing the lemon tree. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 例如：The students are working on the farm these days. go, leave, arrive, start等動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。 例如：The bus is coming soon.Listen! Someone _ at the

18、 door.A. knocks B. is knocking C. knocking D. knocked11. Do you know where the twins are? Oh, they _ the basketball match on the playground.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watched12. They _ ready for the coming test these days.A. are getting B. get C. got D. will get13. Jim _ English at th

19、e moment.A. reading B. is reading C. reads D. read過去進行時過去進行時（1）表示過去某一時刻或一段時間正在進行的動作。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等，或用另一動作來表示過去的時間。 例如：I was reading when mother came in.（2）沒有明顯的時間標記詞，通過上下文來判斷出是過去某時正在進行的動作。 例如：They all worked hard. Everybody knew what he was w

20、orking for.（3）含有when或while引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中過去進行時的運用。常用句型如下： 主句（過去進行時）+when+從句（一般過去時）； 例如：He was watching TV when I got home yesterday. 主句（一般過去時）+while+從句（過去進行時）； 例如：My mom came back while I was watching cartoon. 主句（過去進行時）+while+從句（過去進行時），表示兩個動作同時進行，形成對比。 例如：While I was reading books, my brother was p

21、laying games. I called you this morning, but nobody . I the flowers in my garden at that time.A. answered; watering B. answering; was wateringC. answered; was watering D. answered; watered15. Something terrible happened last night. A thief broke in my house while I _.A. will sleep B. is sleeping C.

22、was sleeping D. slept16. While my brother _ football with his friends yesterday, my sister _ her homework.A. was playing; did B. played; was doing C. was playing; was doing D. played; did現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時（1） 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結果。通常和副詞never, ever, just, already, yet等連用。 例如：I have closed the door. My

23、daughter has already eaten supper and finished her homework. 注意：a. already 用于肯定句中，表示“已經(jīng)”。例如： They have already gone to America. b. yet 用于疑問句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中，表示“還”。例如： I havent received her letter yet. Have you finished your paper yet? 表示過去已經(jīng)開始的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和時間狀語before, recently, once, twice, for+時

24、間段, since+時間點, yet 等連用。例如： We have lived here for two years. She has been with us since Monday. 注意：for + 時間段；since + 時間點（有時候用由過去式構成的從句來體現(xiàn)時間點） 【例題專練】用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ 2 years. 2. Jill has been in Sydney _ he was a middle school student. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 d

25、ays ago. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時的構成 句型構成：肯定形式為have / has + done；其否定形式為 havent/hasnt + done；疑問句型中，have/has作為助動詞，直接放置句首。例如：Have you finished your homework yet?注

26、意: 現(xiàn)在完成時可和疑問詞連用，但不能和when連用。故現(xiàn)在完成時里對時間的提問不用When，而用How long。 例如：Where have you been? Why have you turned off the radio? How long have you been back? 短暫性動詞和持續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時 若后面沒有時間狀語“for + 時間段，since + 時間點”時，短暫性和持續(xù)性動詞都可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。 例如：I have bought(短暫) a new computer. He has already lived (持續(xù)) in the small villa

27、ge. 若后面有時間狀語“for + 時間段，since + 時間點”時，要用持續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞的否定。例如： They have stayed (持續(xù)) in the village for 10 years. I have taught(持續(xù)) English at this school since 5 years ago. You havent received (短暫)her letter for 2 weeks. We havent left (短暫)China since 20 years ago. 短暫性動詞不能與“for + 時間段，since + 時間點”連用。若要和他

28、們連用，則要將其做出相應的轉換。 I have come here for 3 years. () I have been here for 3 years.( ) 常見的轉換規(guī)則：轉換規(guī)則例詞對應例句1、動詞變動詞borrow / lend kept She has borrowed(kept) the magazine since two weeks ago.catch had Kate has caught (had) a cold for one day.buy had Ive bought (had) this radio for 3 years. put on worn He ha

29、s put on (worn) the new coat for a week.2、變?yōu)椤癰e +adj”leave / gobeen away They have left(been away) for one year. open been open The factory has opened(been open) since 1990. die been dead That old man has died(been dead) for three years.marrybeen marriedThey have been married for ten years.3、變?yōu)椤癰e+a

30、dv.”start / begin been on The film has begun (been on) for 8 minutes.get up been up He has gone up(been up) more than two hours. finish been over The football match has finished(been over) for two hours. 變?yōu)椤癰e+介詞短語”join been in/ been a member (of) Her father has joined (been in) the Party for ten ye

31、ars. move been out (of) Jims family have moved(been out of) here for over 2 e/ become/ arrivebeen(in) They have come to(been in) this school since 1990. 近義詞辨析：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave gone to意為“到某地去了”，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場。一般只用第三人稱作主語。 例如：Mr Wang isnt here. He has gone to Qingdao.王先生不在這里。他去青

32、島了。b. have been to 意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示一種經(jīng)歷，含有“現(xiàn)在已離開那兒”之意，后可接次數(shù)（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和just，never，ever等連用。 例如：My father has been to Beijing twice.我父親去過北京兩次。（我父親現(xiàn)在不在北京了） I have never been to the Great wall. 我從未去過長城。c. have been in 表示“到某地多長時間了”，常與時間段連用。 例如：I have been in Australia for three y

33、ears. 我到澳大利亞已有三年了。18. China _ several rockets into space so far.A. has sent B. will send C. sent D. was sending19. Tom, can I borrow your book CHICKEN SOUP? Sorry, I _ it to Mary.A. lent B. have lent C. lend D. was lending20. My brother _ just _ to Japan. He wont be back until next week.A. will; go

34、B. has; gone C. did; go D. was; going21. The train _ for ten minutes. You have to take another one.A. has gone B. has left C. has been away D. went away課堂訓練1. Lets discuss the plan, shall we? Not now. I_ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going中國教&*%育出2. Where were you last Saturday? I

35、 _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. wasD. have been3. May I speak to the headmaster? He _ a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. hasD. will have4. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont hear from D. havent heard from5. If ou

36、r government _attention to controlling food safety now, our health _in danger. A.wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; is C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will be6. I cant find Ted for three days. Where is he?來He _ Beijing for a meeting. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to7. Lucy

37、_ a student last year, but now she _ a teacher.A. is; is B. was； is C. was； will be D. is； was8. Were you at home at 9:00 last night? I called you but nobody answered. Sorry，I _ at that time.A. take a shower B. took a showerC. was taking a shower D. am taking a shower9. Mum, I cant find my shoes.來源:

38、中Hurry up! Your father _for us.A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait10. I was at the cinema at nine oclock yesterday evening. What about you?來源:I _ TV at home.A. am watching B. was watching C. will watch D. watched11. Mr Wang isnt here, I think he_ Guiyang.A. has gone to B. has been to C. go

39、es D. went中國教育出版12. What did the teacher say just now? Sorry, I didnt hear it. I out of the window.來*源:中國教育出版#網(wǎng) A. lookB. looked C. am lookingD. was looking13. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. 來源:中國%A. was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught14. Whats his brother?He is a teacher. He maths at a school.來源:中教&%*A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach15. Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him.You cant find him. He Hong