1、簡單句基本句型 Basic Sentence Patterns 簡單句基本句型 Basic Sentence PatternSummarySummary簡單句1.S+V He cooks. A bus arrived.2.S+V+O I like English. Tom watches TV.3.S+LV+P 表語 She is a student. The house is green. 4.S+V+IO+O They gave me a present. Ill get you some tea. 5.S+V+O+OC We call her Lily. I find maths dif

2、ficult. He made me laugh. We asked him to come. 簡單句1.S+V He coo.簡單句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補.簡單句1. Things changed.主 +名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語 His job i

3、s important.What he does is important.表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語 His 賓語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.賓語 I dont like his job.I d什么叫名詞性從句？在句子中

4、起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句什么叫名詞性從句？ 名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句subject clause 賓語從句object clause 表語從句predicative clause 同位語從句appositive clause 名詞性從句 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句What are noun clauses? His story is interesting. What he

5、said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. 主語從句賓語從句賓語從句（介詞之后What are noun clauses?賓語從句賓語從句 This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.表語從句同位語從句 This is his story.表語從句同

6、位語Practice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tal

7、l man in a dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.賓語從句賓語從句表語從句賓語從句主語從句同位語從句Practice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類At Object Clauses 賓語從句Object Clauses 賓語從句 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓 語 從 句連詞從句主語 從句謂語 主 句（復(fù)合句） I know him . 主語謂語賓語（簡賓語從句的概念：賓

8、語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 +連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+ 賓語從句賓語從句的概念：句子結(jié)構(gòu)：一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞） 1. 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big

9、moving party.一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）Lin Tao feels (that) 2.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should r

10、ead English aloud.2.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, a2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if），因為if/whe

11、ther翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if. eg:

12、I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意 whether和if的使用區(qū)別1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 2.注意 Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not

13、 he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhetherPractice timeif / whether1. I3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由連接代詞（what, who, whom, which, whose）或連接副詞（when, where, how, why）引導(dǎo)，因為連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived

14、. I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由連接代詞（what, wh 帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?I dont know ho

15、w far it is to the cinema .Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?Can you tell us how old his brother is ?Please tell us how soon you will be ready .Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ? 帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句Could you 二、時態(tài)1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在時 ， 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根

16、 據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過 去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .二、時態(tài)I know he lives here .2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時， 過去完成時）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her moth

17、er. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理 時用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理The teacherThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everyth

18、ing _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been The radio says it _ cl6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (writ

19、e)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 6. I didnt know what time he 三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分三、語序1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His

20、brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy . 1. When will he go to the libr1could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)。注意事項Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ?Could you tell u

21、s which gate we have to go to ?Would you like to know when he will come back ?1could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此2. 如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時，連詞不可能是that；如果主句的謂語動詞是say時，連詞用thatShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .He asks if I like playing the pia

22、no .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .2. 如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時，連詞不可能是that；如3. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:若主語謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)3. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:若主語謂語動詞為think, cons

23、id4. it常可以放在動詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語: it可以作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.4. it?？梢苑旁趧釉~think, find, consi主句從句一般將來時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)祈使句含有情態(tài)動詞Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know .A. he comes , wi

24、ll come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come 5. 連詞 if 和 when 在不同從句中的區(qū)別：CI dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomes主句從句一般將來時態(tài)祈使句含有情態(tài)動詞Do you kno1.The young man asked _ its sum

25、mer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whe

26、ther D. that DABC1.The young man asked _ i5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told

27、him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you liveCBD5. Could you show me _ 8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you hav

28、e kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go BCD8. Someone is ringing the doorPredicative Clauses 表語從句Predicative

29、 Clauses 表表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句, 放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的還有the reason why is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句, 放在系動詞之后,一. 表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后. 作用:對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引導(dǎo) 表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / wh

30、ich / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .連接詞：that / whether /as if /as 注 意：在表語從句中，表“是否” 時，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。 It is

31、 /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .注 意：在表語從句中，表“是否” 時，只能用 “wheth名詞主語+be+that引起的表語從句在這種句型中，常用表示事實，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，觀點的名詞，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主語。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.

32、The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.名詞主語+be+that引起的表語從句在這種句型中，常用表示注意表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同. 但: 1. that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句. 注意表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同.1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to opera

33、te the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when 1. Thats _ the Party calledSubject Clauses 主語從句Subject Clauses 主語從句1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分1). That he will suc

34、ceed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has no

35、t been decided yet.1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分1). That he 考點一:主語從句后置! 為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由連詞 whether 和 if, 連接代詞 what,who,which

36、和連接副詞 when,where,why,how 等引導(dǎo).也常常后置: It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round. 考點一:主語從句后置! It is a pity tIt 的用法： （形式主語） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知/宣布 It seems/

37、appears/happens. that顯然、明顯、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying.（俗話說）It 的用法： （形式主語）考點二注意：主語從句中 ，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some book.考點二 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。例如

38、：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.What 與 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如由 that 引導(dǎo):1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機會) that 無意義, 后接一個完整的句子. that 不可省That the earth is roundThat you missed the chanc

39、e由 that 引導(dǎo):That the earth is ro注 意：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)。主語從句的 “that” 一般不能省?！皐hat”引導(dǎo)主語從句時，謂語動詞： 1）常與其后的名詞作表語一致 2）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。注 意：What you left ar

40、e only se_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What;

41、 belonging to d. It; belonging to_ he made an important speec4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A.

42、 is B. are C. has D have4. Its known to us all _ a Appositive Clauses 同位語從句Appositive Clauses 同位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明. n.+ 連接詞 + 從句同位語從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize h

43、uman voices surprises many people .2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（注: 1. 同 位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no

44、 idea what he did.注: 1. 同 位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 在have1, I have no idea2, I dont know the question when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain t

45、omorrow.1, I have no ideawhen he will 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their par

46、ents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.1.Two thirds of all girls in B4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many

47、 people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion tha

48、t Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.4.Time travel is possible./ Th名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should 可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.名詞demand, suggestion, prop

49、osalI have heard the news that he would visit our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：1 同位語從句that 只起連接作用，不作任何成分 定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充 當(dāng)賓語和主語2同位語從句同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行補充說明 定語從句 定從和前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行修飾，加以限定3同位語從句that 不能省 定語從句 that 在從句中作賓語時，可以省I have heard the

50、 news that he Practice :判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying lou

51、dly. 同位語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句Practice :判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1.1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesso

52、ns . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason1. _made the school proud w4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information

53、has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA4 _has helped to save the d6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays

54、 game ?- Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA6 I drove to Zhuhai for the ._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you ans

55、wer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB._ fashion differs from count12.There will be a special pr

56、ice for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .why B. what C. who D. that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever12.There w

57、ill be a special pri14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he B. was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or s

58、he wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 14.Many newspaper printed the 1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 1. Can you make sure _ the g4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. re