1、 高 考 英 語 單 項(xiàng) 選 擇 題 解 題 方 法 湖南英語高考自去年以來,單項(xiàng)選擇題注重對語法根底知識(shí)極其運(yùn)用能力的考查,不再將詞義辨析題(含短語動(dòng)詞)和交際用語 列為單項(xiàng)選擇題的考查范圍,將其分別納入完形填空和聽力局部考查. 命題趨勢: 1. 考查根底語法知識(shí). 2. 考查語法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力. 命題特點(diǎn)：注重語境,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用涉及知識(shí)面廣，涵蓋了冠詞形容詞副詞動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞定語從句及狀語從句等。動(dòng)詞一直是考查的重點(diǎn)。.語境設(shè)置更為真實(shí)自然巧妙。詞匯語法知識(shí)越考越活。解題策略歸納為以下四法： 1.題眼法。2.復(fù)原法。3.一致法。4.標(biāo)點(diǎn)法。一. 題眼法 題眼法即語境分析法。“眼指的是題干中的解

2、題關(guān)鍵信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。在解題時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)樹立全局觀和整體觀，認(rèn)真分析語境準(zhǔn)確理解和把握信息并關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句找出突破口。例如：(1)-Is there fog in the evening? -There_be. Ill make a phone call to find it out.must B. would C. will D. might(2) Most of the Europeans refuse to accept GM food _Americansregard it as the fruit from high tech.when B. as C. whil

3、e D. the moment(3) Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li _for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.just left B. had just left C. is just leaving D. was just leaving(4) Is there any possibility of the film _in Paris International Festival.being tried ou

4、t B. trying out C. tried out D. to try out(5) _, but he insisted that he _to school.A. Though he was ill; went B. Having been ill; wentC. Having been ill; should go D. He was ill;goDCDAD二. 復(fù)原法 復(fù)原法，即句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法。很多高考單項(xiàng)選擇題考點(diǎn)實(shí)為難度 較小的簡單句，但命題人往往通過加長句式，將陳述句改為疑問或感慨等句型，使用插入語，采用倒裝和省略等手段使簡單的句式復(fù)雜化, 以增加干擾因素。解題時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)

5、通過句型分析弄清題干的來龍去脈，復(fù)原簡單句的本來面目。主要有如下八種復(fù)原方式：1. 將疑問句復(fù)原成陳述句。例如：Whom is it up to _the matter?decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided解析：將題干復(fù)原為陳述句：答案為：It is up to sb. to decide the matter. B2 將感慨句復(fù)原成陳述句。例如： _role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesti

6、ng C. What interesting D. What an interesting 解析：將題干復(fù)原為陳述句： 因此答案為： 3 將被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)原成主動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： Our time should be made full use of _. A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study 解析：將題干復(fù)原為成主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 因此答案為： She played an interesting role in the film.D We should make full use of our time to study. D4 將倒裝語序復(fù)原成正常語序。例

7、如： Here is a note book, in which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written 解析：將題干復(fù)原為正常語序: 因此答案為： 5 將強(qiáng)調(diào)句式復(fù)原成一般句式。 例如: It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was

8、so careless 解析：將題干復(fù)原為一般句式: 因此答案為：The names of the visitors were written in the note book.CHer being careless was resulted in the terrible car accident.B6 將先行詞復(fù)原到定語從句中。例如:The study you have been making _the ancient Chinese charactersis an instructive job.to B.for C. of D. from解析: 把定語從句 先行詞 the study

9、復(fù)原回從句中得出:因此答案為:7 刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu),將復(fù)雜句復(fù)原成簡單句。 例如:John plays football _, if not better than, David.as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as解析: 將插入語 if not better than 刪除得出:因此答案為:You have been making the study of the ancient Chinese characters.CJohn plays football as well as David.B8 將省略句復(fù)原成完整的句子。例如: -Do

10、you know what Tom does all day ? -I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he _ his lessons. A. is doing B. does C. spends in D. does doing 解析:將連詞as 后的從句復(fù)原完整,得出: 此句中的 spends 可用 來代替. 因此答案為:doesDas he spends (in) doing his lessons. 三. 一致法 一致法是另一種句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法,即在解題時(shí)我們要注意句子前后的關(guān)系要一致,包括主謂一致,時(shí)態(tài)一致,代詞

11、一致,比較對象一致等等,以此找到解題的突破口.例如:The man rushed out of the room, _into his car and started it hurriedly, _to get home as soon as possible. A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped 解析: C 從and 可知,此題考查三個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞rushed,got和started的并列, 時(shí)態(tài)要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴隨狀語.2. Written in a hur

12、ry, _.Peter made many mistakes in the paperThere are many mistakes in the paperwe found some mistakes in the paperthe paper is full of mistakes解析:3. Thinking about the fact that I was not prepared well enough, and _ to lose my face, I gave up this years civil service exam.didnt want B. not wanted C.

13、 not wanting D. not to want解析:分詞做狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致.此題中written in a hurry 的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是paper所以選擇主語一致的 項(xiàng)。此題考查and連接的兩個(gè)并列狀語,前后形式要一致,not wanting ,與前面的thinking 一致,應(yīng)選擇 D C四. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)法 在解答單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用不可無視.在做題時(shí) 一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)可能就決定了一個(gè)題的答案.例如: 1. Our first destination was Indian Greek in Kansas._was then the frontier. A. Tha

14、t B. Which C. What D. Then 解析: 2. Everyone was on time for the meeting_Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet 解析: AC 從前后句間的句號(hào)可知,后半句是獨(dú)立的句子而非從句,因此不可以在句首使用附屬連詞.故答案為 從破折號(hào)可知,符號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對前面句子的補(bǔ)充說明。故答案為 3. They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead

15、person for three days; _theres always someone to stay with the dead body. A. during which time B. during which C. during when D. during this time 解析: 由分號(hào)可知后半局部應(yīng)該是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子. 故答案應(yīng)為D 總之,高考單項(xiàng)選擇題盡管只有十五個(gè)小題,但考查內(nèi)容涉及 面廣并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點(diǎn).解題時(shí),應(yīng)結(jié)合語境,認(rèn)真分 析句子,靈活運(yùn)用語法詞匯知識(shí),通過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì),從而到達(dá)分析問 題和解決問題的目的.穩(wěn)固練習(xí):( )1._, the earth

16、 moves around the sun . A. It is known that B. We all know C.What we know is D. As we all know( )2. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, _to anyone. A. but could not talk B. instead of speaking C. rather than speak D. and not to speak( )3. The country lif

17、e he was used to_greatly since 1992. A.change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed( )4. No progress was made in the trade talks as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the other C. either D. another( )5.-It is 30 years since we last met. -But I still remember the story,

18、believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. whenDDBBB標(biāo)點(diǎn)法一致法復(fù)原法刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu)題眼法復(fù)原法刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu)( )6. When _ help, one often says “Thank you . or “It is kind of you. A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered( )7. _ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him. A. As B. Now that C.Though D.However( )8. Who did the teacher _the article? A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing( )9. Its f