1、.Unit 4Task 1【答案】A.1) They are farms that grow vegetables for city people to eat fresh.2) Its a farm that grow plants and flowers to sell.3) They protect the plants from the cold in the winter but let them getplenty of light, so the plants can be grown all through the year.B.1) canned, frozen2) flow

2、ers, garden plants, home gardens, yards, window boxes3) buildings, furniture, firewood【原文】Grain,vegetablesandfruitsarefoundonmostfarms.Allofthemarefood for animals and people.Graincanbefedtoanimalsjustasitisharvested.Butbeforepeopleuse them grains are usually made into flour or breakfast cereal. Bre

3、ad,macaroni（通心粉）, and cereals（麥片） all come from grain.Tomatoes, beans, potatoes, carrotsand onionsarefield and garden vegetables. think ofany others?Vegetables are good for people and for some animals such as pigs andrabbits.Farms that grow vegetables for city people to eat fresh are calledtruckfarm

4、s.Truckfarmsareusuallyclosetobigcities.Eachdayhundredsofloadsoffreshvegetablesarebroughttostoresonthefarmerstrucks.Withoutthetruckfarmerspeopleincitieswouldnoteatwell.Andwithoutcitypeoplewhoeatfreshvegetables,thetruckfarmerswouldhavenowork.There are many kinds of fruit. Apples, pears, peaches, cherr

5、ies,oranges,grapefruit,andberriesareafewkinds.Youwillbeabletothinkof other kinds that you like. Most fruit is grown on specialized farms.But many general farms have some fruit to use and sell also.Like vegetables,fruit is soldfresh in markets. But a large part ofbothfruitandvegetablecropsissenttofac

6、toriestobecannedorfrozen.Inwarmpartsofourcountryfarmersgrowcotton,rice,tobacco,sugarcane（甘蔗）, and peanuts.Specialized farms raise flowers and garden plants. They are sold toflorists（花商） and to families for home gardens, or yards, or windowboxes. Afarm that grow plants and flowers to sell is called a

7、 nursery（苗圃）.Most nurseries have glass buildings, called hothouses orgreenhouses.Thehothousesareheatedtoprotecttheplantsfromcoldinthe winter but let them get plenty of light, so they can be grown allthrough the year.Some farms grow only trees. Some of these are Christmas tree farms.Others are large

8、forests where trees are grown for their wood. The woodisusedforbuildings,furnitureandfirewood.Sometreefarms growonlynut trees.Task 2【答案】A.Problems Concerned Thesafetyofsomepesticidesusedtokillinsects,especially in developing countries:1. poor quality pesticides, which often containharmful chemicals2

9、. the poor quality of pesticide containers andproduct information on the containersof 1. pesticideskillinsectsandotherorganismsthatthreaten crops.2. pesticidesalsoareusedforpublichealth.Theycontrol insects that spread disease, such asmosquitoes that spread malaria.Possible Causes of Production probl

10、ems and failure to use the rightLow Quality chemicals.PesticidesB.1)TheUNagenciesreportthatthemarketvalueofpesticidesindevelopingcountries last year was about three thousand million dollars.2) The agencies called for worldwide acceptance of Food and AgricultureandWorldHealthOrganizationpesticiderule

11、s.Theysaythiswouldhelpguarantee the safe production of and trade in pesticides.【原文】Two United Nations agencies are expressing concern about the safetyof some pesticides used to kill insects. They report that about thirtypercentofallpesticidessoldindevelopingcountriesfailtomeetwidelyacceptedrulesforq

12、uality.Theysaytheseproductsareaseriousthreatto human health and the environment.The UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the World HealthOrganization gave the warning.Indevelopingcountries,pesticidesareusedmainlyforagriculture.Pesticides kill insects and other organisms that threaten crops.Pesti

13、cides also are used for public health. They control insects thatspread disease, such as mosquitoes that spread malaria.The UN agencies report that the market value of pesticides indevelopingcountrieslastyearwasaboutthreethousandmilliondollars.Theysaytheestimatedmarketvalueofpesticidesworldwidewasthi

14、rty-twothousand million dollars.Officialssaypoorqualitypesticidesoftencontainharmfulchemicals.These chemicals often are.banned or restricted in some countries.Possible causes of low quality in pesticides include productionproblemsandfailuretousetherightchemicals.Officialssaytheactivechemicals in man

15、y pesticides are stronger than those permitted by manygovernments.Theyalsosaypoorqualitypesticidesmaycontainpoisonoussubstances or substances that are not pure.Officials say the quality of pesticide containers and productinformation on the containers are other concerns. They say informationon the co

16、ntainers oftenfailsto explainthe active chemicalsand how touse the product safely.The WHO says products listing false information have been sold foryears in some areas. The agencies say the problem of poor qualitypesticides is widespread in parts of Africa south of the Sahara Desert.They called for

17、worldwide acceptance of Food and Agriculture and WorldHealth Organization pesticide rules. They say this would help guaranteethe safe production of and trade in pesticides.Officials say the agencies rules are especially important fordeveloping countries. They say developing countries often lack syst

18、emsfor testing pesticides.Task 3【答案】A.1)c) 2) d) 3) b)B.Thatsbecausetheyremakinganinvestmentallthetime,butarestillnot sure whether or not they can make profits.【原文】Interviewer:CattleraisingandbeefintheUSisbigbusiness,isntit?Bob Beck: Yes, its the largest businesscattle business.Interviewer: It must

19、be a very profitable business then.Bob Beck: Uh, not necessarily.Interviewer: Its not necessarily a profitable business?BobBeck:Attimes,itsnotprofitable.Yourproductioncostsget.itsa supply and demand market, and if your supply is larger thanyour demand.Interviewer: So the price is fluctuating all the

20、 time.Bob Beck: Right. It fluctuates, and it can get below production costs.Interviewer:Butyouneverknow.Forinstance,nextyear,youdontknowwhat itll bring on the market.Bob Beck: No, technically it takes a year and a half from the time youbreed the cow, until you get the calf, until the calfsmarketable

21、.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Bob Beck: Youve got a year, to a year and a half, tied up there.Interviewer: So, youre making an investment all the time.Bob Beck: Right. So youre not sure.Interviewer: It sounds like it might be a very insecure kind of existence.Wonder why it is that people want to be farmers o

22、r 農(nóng)場(chǎng)主） then.BobBeck:Ithinkthemajorityofitisyoulikeit.Itsonething.Itsa breed (kind)of people. They like it. If you dont like whatyoure doing, why.Interviewer: What is there about it? You live essentially in a rural area.Doesnt that feeling of isolation ever bother you?Bob Beck: No. Its getting too cr

23、owded.Interviewer: Too crowded!Bob Beck: Too many people!Interviewer: I can see that, for instance, in a city, you have restaurantstogoto,movietheatersallkindsofthingsavailabletopeople,alotofconvenienceswhichyoudonthaveinthemoreruralareas.What do people who farm and ranch do for recreation andrelaxa

24、tion, for instance. erm.BobBeck:Well,Ithinkalotofitisifyourealivestockraiser,youllgocheck yourcowsinthe evening instead of a movie.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Bob Beck: Thats as much recreation as driving through a bunch or cows, andif you like them, you enjoy that.Interviewer: In terms of the way of life,

25、to a lot of people, it would seemthat its a very hard life. It means a lot of hard work. I mean,you have a you feel like it or not, you havetoget outand feedanimals,andso forth. Wouldyou regard thatas one of the difficult things about it, or is that.Bob Beck: No.Interviewer: just sort of. part of it

26、?Bob Beck:For me, if I go to adeskeverymorning, thatd kill me.Task 4【答案】A. paid off, fall back on, a security, operating expenses, completedisasterB.1)Someofthemcookthemeals,cleanthehouseandtakecareofthekidsevery day.2)Yes.Thatisespeciallysoaftertheyvehadoneortwobadyearswhenthey couldnt make money.3

27、) When their children are small, they were with their parents to go outto work; when theyarevery small,Sharon go outas much asshewould later.4) She thinks that in this way the children are a lot more self-reliant.Theylearntoworkandtheylearnresponsibility.Theylearnalotabout.life by being.continually

28、in life with animals.【原文】Bob Beck: I think, for a wife, the same as a husband, they like it orthey wouldnt marry a farmer or a rancher.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Bob Beck: Theyd get out. I think its not at all wives. Some of themare just like suburban housewives.Interviewer: Uh-huh.BobBeck:Theycookthemeals

29、,andtheycleanthehouseandthatsit.take care of the kids.Interviewer: Have you known some situations like that?Bob Beck: Oh, yeah, I know situations like that!Interviewer: Sharon, is there a problem of the feeling of security?Sharon Beck: What kind of security are you talking about financialsecurity?In

30、terviewer: Uh, yeah, financial security. Uh, the thing is up and down.Youdontknowwhatthemarketsgoingtobring,er.forbeef.You work all year, and so forth. Is there any problem of thatsort?Sharon Beck: Sure, theres the problem of security. Especially, if youvehad one or two bad years. You feel awfully i

31、nsecure.Interviewer: Uh-huh.SharonBeck:Ifyouveborrowedmoneytobuyafarmortooperate,andtheresno money coming in, you feel awfully insecure.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Sharon Beck: But if youve got a fairly good amount of your ranch paid off,youve got that to fall back on. You can always think of thatas a secur

32、ity. If everything else fails, if you t pay foryour operating expensesInterviewer: Uh-huh.SharonBeck:.youcanalwayssellyourequityinyourranch.Soitisntcomplete disaster.Interviewer: But its not something that bothers you terribly. I mean,its a fact of life. Its sort of.Sharon Beck: Something you live with, yeah.Interviewer:. part of the thing. The role of the wife in this situationisquitedifferentthanthatofasuburbanhousewife.Youdonthave much free time, do you?Sharon Beck: N