1、中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用被、受、給等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。 如：He opened the door.他打開(kāi)了這扇門(mén)。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The door was opened.這扇門(mén)被打開(kāi)了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化

2、。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)例I wa

3、s given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the

4、 factory closes.8） should/would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitt

5、er.2)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is

6、to be put off till Friday.You must hand in the exercise-books tomorrow.-The exercise-books must be handed in tomorrow三、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whe

7、ther I should accept the offer.3.常用句式有：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道， It is well known that眾所周知，be used forasto do , be made offrom四、特殊情況1.當(dāng)不定式作定語(yǔ)，又與所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：I have a lot of work to do today.今天我有許多工作要做。She has some questions to ask.她有一些問(wèn)題要問(wèn)。2.某些只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如hap

8、pen, take place(發(fā)生)等，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：The accident happened two hours ago.事故發(fā)生在兩小時(shí)以前。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。練習(xí)一、填空1. A new library _(build) in our city now.2.The meeting will （put off ）till Friday.3. He has worked in the factory since it _ (build) 10 years ago.4. So

9、 far, many man-made satellites _(send)up into space.5. Sheep are _ (keep) by farmers for _ (produce) wool and mutton.6.Computerscience_(teach)nowalmostinalluniversitiesandinstitutes.7. We may _ (ask) to attend the meeting.8. Do you have a letter to （post）?9. The accident_ two hours ago.( happen)10.L

10、ilei was seen _computer games yesterday.(play)二、單選1. In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested2._a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Did; build3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is gro

11、wnB. are grownC. grows4.Your shoes _ _. You need a new pair. A. wear outB. worn outC. are worn out5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be given6.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A. will be sentB. would sendC. was sent7.Inrec

12、entyearsanumberofcommunicationsatellites_intospace.A.havebeensentB.weresentC.hadsent8.This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed 9.An accident _ on this road last week. A. happened B. was happened C. is happened10.Who _

13、this book _? A. was; writtenB. was; written by C. did; written11.Doyouhaveanyclothes_today?”themaidasked.A.towashB.bewashedC.tobewashed12.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after 13.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumpB. to jump C. jumped14.The earth is our home.It _well. A.must