1、Criminal-law法律英語刑法-PPT課件Criminal-law法律英語刑法-PPT課件Criminal law1.What are the crimes and criminal law?2.Criminal Procedure(美國刑法的程序)3. Criminal law classification(美國刑法的分類)4. Capital Punishment(死刑)5.Criminal liability（刑事責(zé)任）Criminal law1.What are the criWhat do U think of CRIMES?whatSome people think that

2、 crime that can be defined for the more serious offence against person or property, there are a number of acts,and some omissions,which are subject to the crminal law yet do not cause such a threat.一些人們認(rèn)為，犯罪就是侵犯人們身體和財(cái)產(chǎn)的作為或者不作為的行為,比如恐嚇。What do U think of CRIMES?whatSome Famous say:Giving the killer w

3、hat he deserves. 讓犯罪的人罪有應(yīng)得。It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill. -Alfreds Tennyson, British writer 與其責(zé)罵罪惡，不如伸張正義。 -英國作家 丁尼生 ASome Famous say:Giving the kiBUT A MAN SAID： Hate the sin but not the sinnner!可恨的是罪行而不是罪犯。BUT A MAN SAID： Hate the sin bYes，in my opinions, to be accurate

4、 ,we can only say that crime is any act or omission that is contrary to the criminal law.是的，在我看來，準(zhǔn)確的說犯罪就是任何違背刑法的行為。Yes，in my opinions, to be accuWhat is the criminal law?What is the criminal law?The criminal law can be classified into criminal law in a broad sense and criminal law in a narrow sense.

5、刑法有廣義刑法與狹義刑法之分。The criminal law can be classi廣義刑法是指一切規(guī)定犯罪、刑事責(zé)任和刑罰的法律規(guī)范的總和，包括刑法典、單行刑法以及非刑事法律中的刑事責(zé)任條款。Criminal law in a broad sense refers to all stipulation crime, the legal responsibility and penaltys legal norm sum total, including penal code, in specific criminal law as well as non-criminal law le

6、gal responsibility provision. 廣義刑法是指一切規(guī)定犯罪、刑事責(zé)任和刑罰的法律規(guī)范的總和，包Criminal law in a narrow sense refers to the penal code. The criminal law punishes the crime, maintains the social stability the most important law, forces the devoting backing by the country. 狹義刑法是指刑法典。刑法是懲治犯罪,維護(hù)社會(huì)安定的最重要的法律,由國家強(qiáng)制力作后盾.Crimi

7、nal law in a narrow senseCriminal ProcedureThe law governing that series of procedures through which the substantive criminal is enforced.The American system of criminal procedure is “adversarial”.The procedural steps carry a case from start to finish within the process.Criminal ProcedureThe law gov

8、eThe Steps in a typical felony case:Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)Step 3 :ArrestStep 4 :BookingStep 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)The Steps in a typical felony Step 6 :The Decision to Char

9、geStep 7 :Filling the Complaint Step 8 :Magistrate Review of the ArrestStep 9 :The First Appearance (a quite brief proceeding)Step 10 :Preliminary Hearing Step 6 :The Decision to ChargeStep 11 :Grand Jury Review (the primary function)Step 12 :The Filing of the Indictment or InformationStep 13 :Arrai

10、gnment on the Information or IndictmentStep 14 :Pretrial MotionsStep 15 :The Trial (the unique features)Step 11 :Grand Jury Review (thStep 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)Step 17 :Appeals Step 16 :Sentencing (three difAmerican criminal law classification美國刑法種類American criminal law

11、clas1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行為危害程度）：felony（重罪），misdemeanor(輕罪） 1962，model penal code模范刑法典According to the crime is divided into four grades punishment weight（按刑罰 輕重把犯罪分為四等）：felony（重罪），misdemeanor(輕罪），petty misdemeanor(微罪），violation(違警罪）Felony divided into 3：Level 1, level 2, Level3（重罪分為

12、三級）No more than one years imprisonment penalty misdemeanor （輕罪刑罰不超過一年監(jiān)禁）A maximum sentence of micro sin 30 days in prison （微罪最高刑期為30天監(jiān)禁）Violations punish a crime only be fined （違警罪只能判處罰金）1.Criminal ACTS endangering de2.The nature of crime（犯罪本身的性質(zhì)）：malum in se (邪惡的罪），malum prohibitsin (法規(guī)禁止的罪）malum i

13、n se (邪惡的罪）：murder（殺人） set on fire （ 放火） adultery （奸淫） steal（盜竊） malum prohibitsin (法規(guī)禁止的罪）： drunken driving（酒后開車） driving through the roadwithout pay MaiLuQian shut （行車通過路關(guān)而不付買路錢） operating machinery on-screen (經(jīng)營機(jī)械賭具) the sin of violation of economic laws and regulations (違反經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī)的罪) 2.The nature of

14、 crime（犯罪本身的性質(zhì)）3.Legal origin Angle(法律淵源角度）： Common-law sin（普通法罪） Enacted law sin（制定法罪）4.Other classification（其他分類） Crime constitution form（犯罪構(gòu)成形態(tài)）： complete sin (完整罪） inchoate crime（不完整罪） Criminal principal amount（ 犯罪主體數(shù)量）： separate sin(單獨(dú)犯罪） fellowship on crime(共同犯罪） Criminal principal types ( 犯罪主

15、體類型 ) ： crime by a natural person(自然人犯罪） legal person commits sin (法人犯罪）3.Legal origin Angle(法律淵源角度）： Crime subject is the psychological state(犯罪主體心理狀態(tài)）： intentionally crime（故意罪） negligent crime(過失罪） Criminality infringe upon social interests(犯罪行為所侵犯的社會(huì)利益) ： assault and attery(侵犯人身罪） qufringed resid

16、ential sin(侵犯住宅罪） crime of property violation(侵犯財(cái)產(chǎn)罪） damage of moral yuiltlmale(損害公共道德罪） to endanger public order of sin(危害公共秩序罪） disrupt government management the crime (妨害政府管理罪） Crime subject is the psychoPunishment-Sentencing system is a very broad content. Aggravating circumstances (加重情節(jié)） Reduce

17、 plot (減輕情節(jié)） Recidivist and pleaded guilty (累犯和認(rèn)罪）Punishment-Sentencing systeMy lecture topics ： Death penalty sentencing plot（死刑的量刑情節(jié)）My lecture topics ： Death penaBasic situation American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit f

18、irst-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation. 美國刑法沒有具體的體現(xiàn)關(guān)于死刑的量刑制度，但范圍基本限定一級謀殺才執(zhí)行死刑，考慮到有殺人的后果。其他的都盡量的給予一切的機(jī)會(huì)減少對犯罪嫌疑人的錯(cuò)判誤判。Basic situation American crimi Murder Malice murder蓄意謀殺罪Inten

19、tionally injury murder故意重傷謀殺罪Extreme thoughtless of murder極端輕率謀殺罪Felony murder重罪謀殺罪 ManslaughterVoluntary manslaughter自愿性非惡意殺人，故意殺人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）involuntary homicide過失殺人 Murder ManslaughterThe influence of the roughly sentencing plot system diagram （大致影響量刑體系圖）The influence of the roughly

20、sAggravating circumstances (加重情節(jié)）(1) About the aggravating circumstances offender character aspects, such as criminal record and future risk;關(guān)于犯罪人品格方面的加重情節(jié),例如犯罪記錄和未來的危險(xiǎn)性;(2) when the concerning the implementation of crime of aggravating circumstances killers attitude.關(guān)于實(shí)施犯罪時(shí)殺人犯的態(tài)度的加重情節(jié) (3) the aggra

21、vating circumstances about the victim identity關(guān)于被害人身份的加重情節(jié)Aggravating circumstances (加重情Reduce plot (減輕情節(jié)）The federal Supreme Court ruled that almost all of the accused favorable, as light plot and Puts forward the evidence must enter sentencing considerations.聯(lián)邦最高法院認(rèn)為幾乎所有對被告有利的、作為從輕情節(jié)而提出的證據(jù)都必須進(jìn)入量刑考

22、量。The defendant conduct被告品行Criminal record 犯罪記錄The facts of the crime relevant evidence犯罪事實(shí)的有關(guān)證據(jù).For example ,If the defendant young inexperience, or wasnt mature enough, or have abused history, or in prison have good performance etc.涉世不深,或不夠成熟,或有被虐待的歷史,或在獄中有良好表現(xiàn)Reduce plot (減輕情節(jié)）The federal Plot ev

23、entually apply情節(jié)的最終適用 On the final death penalty for the provisions of the state if not identical. Despite all the judicial area have formulated consider aggravating and lighter, but the plot of the program by what way to consider these evidence the provisions of the state is uneven. In balance type

24、 (Weighing) jurisdiction, the aggravating circumstances sentencing must weigh the evidence and lighter plot, and both into evidence .對最終是否適用死刑各州的規(guī)定不完全一樣。盡管所有的司法區(qū)域 都制定了考慮加重和從輕情節(jié)的程序,但是以何種方式考慮這些證據(jù)各州的規(guī)定則不盡一致。 在權(quán)衡式(Weighing)司法區(qū)域,量刑者必須權(quán)衡加重情節(jié)證據(jù)和從輕情節(jié)證據(jù),并對兩者進(jìn)行比較評估后做出量刑決定。這是最為廣泛采用的量刑模式。Plot eventually apply情節(jié)的最終適用 OCriminal liability（刑事責(zé)任）Criminal liability刑事辯護(hù)事由criminal defenses1.Alibi 不在場證明2.justifications 正當(dāng)理由3.Excuses 可得寬恕4.Program reason 程序是由刑事辯護(hù)事由criminal defenses1.AlibiJustifications 正當(dāng)理由一 、self-defense 自我防衛(wèi) 二、