1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(一）modal verbGrammar ( 32ms )1策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(一）modal verbGrammar ( 32m情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/could, may/might, ought to， must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的need, dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的have to, used to2策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨(dú)立使用，它Must , can/could, may/might

2、 的用法must1.Must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)， 只能用于肯定句。這個(gè)電腦肯定出了問題。There must be something wrong with the computer.你努力學(xué)了一整天， 一定累了吧You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.注意：Must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. 自然地，在我交代女兒做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情 3策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Must , can

3、/could, may/might 的用2.Must +be doing/do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè) 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說He must be reading novels now.他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.4策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)2.Must +be doing/do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行3.Must +have done 表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷他們?cè)谕婊@球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。They are playing basketball, they must

4、have finished their homework.路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.5策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)3.Must +have done 表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作出can, could 和be able to的用法She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”Can的主語是人或物,be able to的主語是人 Well

5、be able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see the film.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)(could)。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 could用于表示泛指過去的能力。如： IcouldreadwhenIwasfour. 6策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)can, could 和be able to的用法She cAlthough the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.3.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was

6、/wereableto，不能用could。 HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired. 表示過去的能力7策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Although the soldier was badlycan/could 1. can /could 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用在否定句或疑問句中。Its so late. Can Tom be reading?Can it be Mr. Green?這個(gè)人不可能是瑪麗， 她生病了。It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.她不可能在說謊。S

7、he couldnt be telling lies.8策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)can/could 1. can /could 表示推測(cè)時(shí)， 在疑問句中 Could 比can 更有禮貌，在此不是can的過去式。 Can you wait a moment please? Liz, can you do me a favor? Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? I wonder if you could help me. (請(qǐng)求) 9策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) 在疑問句中 Could 比can 更有禮貌，在此不是ca2. can/could

8、have done 對(duì)過去發(fā)生行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測(cè):剛才我還看見他了， 所以他不可能出國的。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.10策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)2. can/could have done 對(duì)過去發(fā)生行為3. can/could have done “本可以，本來可能已經(jīng)”用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷， 你本來可以考的更好。You could have had a better

9、 mark.may/might1.May/might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于陳述句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作把握不大。她們明天可能會(huì)到這里來。They may come here tomorrow.11策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)3. can/could have done “本可以，本來他們可能還在等我們呢。They may be still waiting for us.2.might 可用于指過去的行為或者表示可能性更小。他也許在作功課吧。He might be doing his homework now.我問他我是否可以離開。I asked him if I might leave.I aske

10、d him “May I leave now?”12策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)他們可能還在等我們呢。They may be still w3.might/may have done,表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)， 他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He may have gone to the clinic.他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper.13策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)3.might/may have done,表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的4）May 表示許可，表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對(duì)方的許可。 May I open the

11、 door? We may keep the book for two weeks.5） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you have a nice trip! 14策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)4）May 表示許可，表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對(duì)方的許Will /Would you do? (表請(qǐng)求would 更委婉)表意志，愿望，決心would表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或某種傾向 “總是,總要”used to表過去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒有這種習(xí)慣） “過去常?！眜sed to 可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用would不可以eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ()He w

12、ould be a quiet boy. ( ) will/would15策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Will /Would you do? (表請(qǐng)求would Shall/should 1.shall 用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。1)You shall go with me.(命令)2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)3)He shall be punished.(威脅) 2. shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。4)Shall we begin our class?（

13、征求意見）5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(請(qǐng)示)3.用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中。6) “The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall16策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) Shall/should 1.shall 用于第二、a. should 用于表達(dá)合理推斷。It is three

14、oclock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer. 2. should 的用法注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.我不敢相信這樣一個(gè)紳士居然對(duì)老人如此無禮。17策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)a. should 用于表達(dá)合理推斷。2. should 的Young people should learn how

15、 to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意義相近，但ought to多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語氣強(qiáng)烈。在疑問句中通常用should代替ought to。18策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Young people should learn how You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.shoul

16、d/ought to have done表示責(zé)備或批評(píng),意為“本應(yīng)該做到但沒有做到”,用于否定則表示“本不該但”ought to的語氣更強(qiáng)烈.19策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)You should/ought to have told must 和haveto1.Must用于一般問句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允許” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. No,youneednt. Youmustntgetdownwhilethecarisstill moving. 2

17、0策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)must 和haveto1.Must用于一般問句中,肯定回I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2.表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must和haveto稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀看法，haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，haveto能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 21策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)I dont like this TV set. We mneed /darea. need 表需要和必須常用于否定句和疑問句,neednt have done “本不必

18、做”b. dare 表敢,常用于否定句,疑問句和條件句中。c. dare與need 用做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化,但dare用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)常接不帶to的不定式,need后要接帶to的不定式。 22策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)need /dare22策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) Complete the following sentences with proper modal verbs.1) Youve been working all day. You _ be very tired.2)(The door bell rings)I wonder who that is, it_ be Lisa.

19、Shes still in the library at this time.3) It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often.4)I havent decided where Im going for my holidays. I _ go to Australia. 5)My fathers birthday is coming. What _ I get him? 6) Why dont you try on this dress? It_ look nice on you.7) “

20、Who was the man talking with your teacher?” “Im not sure. It _ be her brother.8) I dont know when the guests _ be here. They _ arrive at any time.mustcantshouldmayshallwillmightwillcould23策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) Complete the following senten 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our te

21、acher _ our exam papers. 這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking24策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) 1. I dont know where she is,5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷.6. -Linda has gone to work

22、, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲?公共汽車來上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found25策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)5. Philip _Practice 2:表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you her

23、e.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.26策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Practice 2:表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法

24、.1. should & ought toShould&ought to含義相近，都可表“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”常可互換。區(qū)別在于，ought to常指特殊情況下的“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Should則指一般情況。見下頁例句。Should 可指“竟然”講You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.(語氣強(qiáng)，有命令意味。)You should have a rest after finishing your sports.（一般性建議）You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in yo

25、ur house. He should take care of the babies tonight.27策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào) should & ought toShould&oughtought to 的否定式：He oughtnt to do it.ought to 的疑問句：Ought we to do it at once?反意疑問句里：He ought to be here, oughtnt he?或ought to 表應(yīng)該，ought to 語氣should shouldnt he?I m surprised that he should eat so little every.28

26、策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)ought to 的否定式：I m surprised thave to have to 表示客觀需要去做的事情，意為“必須，不得不。” I have to get the station early to catch the first train.We missed the bus so we had to walk home.We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.29策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)have to have to 表示客觀需要去做的事情，意為Have to 有多種時(shí)態(tài)。常見的有：一般將來時(shí)，We will have t

27、o gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)I have to take more money with me because my wife has so much to buy.一般過去時(shí)Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.have to （考點(diǎn)）30策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)Have to 有多種時(shí)態(tài)。常見的有：一般將來時(shí)，have shall用于第一，三人稱疑問句，征求意見或請(qǐng)求 shall 第二，三人稱 陳述句,命令,警告,允諾,威脅 shall , should &ought to31策劃：學(xué)生雙語報(bào)shall用于第一，三人稱疑問句，shall , shoulNeed I do ? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. dare &