1、高二過去分詞講解與練習(xí)1. 分詞的定義:動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過去分詞的語法作用：過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語 1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。2) 過去分詞做定語：單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)

2、于一個(gè)定語從句。The excited people rushed into the building. 沖動的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動嗎？The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：The books, w

3、ritten by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 3) 過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念.如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by th

4、e Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another

5、chance, he will do better.再給他一次時(shí)機(jī)，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。La

6、ughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。 表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.4) 過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，用

7、作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時(shí)候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當(dāng)這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，過去分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語。如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應(yīng)該讓他們知道那

8、兒的形勢。1. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當(dāng)那男孩被問到為何來這里時(shí)他沉默不語。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造。 2. 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補(bǔ)語：have somebody/something do something 不定式作補(bǔ)語必須省去

9、to, 不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：I had the workers do the job for me. 我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補(bǔ)語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)展。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著。We wont have the child

10、 talking to his mother like that.我們不能讓那孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。 have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況：主語讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發(fā)了。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。 3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge

11、to be built 將要建造的橋 表示將來的動作the bridge being built 正在建造的橋 表示正在進(jìn)展的動作the bridge built 造好的橋 表示完成的動作4. 過去分詞和ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising. 這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕

12、的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, int

13、erested; astonishing, astonished等。 5. 過去分詞和ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語： boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水developed countries開展的國家 developing countries開展中國家 fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示

14、正在進(jìn)展的主動的動作。 6用分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意在句子主語和分詞短語之間不能使用并列連詞。如： 誤not knowing what to do，so she asked her friends for advice 正not knowing what to do，she asked her friends for advice 7、如果分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語不是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，就要用從句或獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造代替分詞短語作狀語。如： AS it was Sunday，the streets were especially crowded 或：It being Sunday，the stree

15、ts were especially crowded 8、同學(xué)們還要注意某些現(xiàn)在分詞可用來表示說話人對所說的話所持的看法或態(tài)度，它們已變成固定詞組，在句中作獨(dú)立成分，與句子主語無關(guān)。這類現(xiàn)在分詞常見的有： generally speaking一般地說， strictly speaking嚴(yán)格地說， judging from by從.來判斷， talking of說到，considering考慮到，supposing假定等。如： Generally speaking，it is not easy for a foreigner to learn Chinese well in a short t

16、ime Considering everything，it wasnt a bad holiday 8、分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語相一致。分詞與主語之間如果是主動關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動關(guān)系，那么用過去分詞。例如：主動時(shí)態(tài) 被動時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài) doing done被動的動作進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài) doing being done正在進(jìn)展的被動動作完成時(shí)態(tài) having done having been done已經(jīng)完成的被動動作 Hearing the good news，we couldnt help jumping with joywhen we heard the good news，

17、 We couldnt help jumping with joy Seen from the hills，the west lake is very beautifulthe west lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills1.Im going to have my car_ .a. to be fixed b. to fix c. fixed d. fix 2. Whats the_ language in Germany?a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak 3._

18、 some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.a. Followed b. Followed by c. Being followed d. Having been followed by 4. He had his leg_ in the match yesterday.a. to break b. broken c. break d. breaking 5. Most of the_ people to the party were famous scientists. a. invited b. to invite c. being invit

19、ed d. inviting 6. _more attention, the trees could have grown better. a. Given b. To give c. Giving d. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_ behind his back.a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied8. The computer center, _last year, is very popular among the students

20、 in this school. a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened9. _in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. a. Losing b. Having lost c. Lost d. To lost.10. The Olympic games, _in 776BC, didnt include women players until 1912.a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to

21、play 11. I found a car _in a pool by the side of the road.a. to be stuck b. stuck c. sticking d. stick12. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom_ ? -Last week.a. to paint b. painted c. painting d. to be painted13. The children were found_ in the cave.a. trapping b. trapped c. to be trapped d. be

22、 trapped 14. They found a_ old woman_ on the ground when the door was broken down.a. dying, lying b. dead, lied c. death, laying d. died, lain15. On a_ morning the little girl was found_ at the corner of the street. a. freezing, freezing b. freezing, frozen c. frozen, frozen d. frozen, freezing 16.

23、No one enjoys_ fun of in public.a. making b. being made c. to be made d. to make 17. _from space, the earth, with water_ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.a. Seen, covered b. Seen, covering c. Seeing, covering d. Seeing, covered 18. An_ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film

24、star.a. excited b. exciting c. excite d. excitedly19The building _by him is under construction ato be designed b. designed cbeing designed d. to have designed 20. we were very excited to watch the national flag _ in the blue sky.a. risen b. to be risen c. raising d. risingThe keys1- 5 c b b b a 6- 1

25、0 a d d c a 11-15 b b b a b 16-20 b b a b d9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。2022/10/132022/10/13Thursday, October 13, 202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1310/13/2022 8:02:43 AM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/13Oct-2213-Oct-2212、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/13Thursday, October 13, 2022

26、13、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1310/13/202214、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。13 十月 20222022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1315、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十月 222022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1310/13/202216、行動出成果，工作出財(cái)富。2022/10/132022/10/1313 October 202217、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/13

27、2022/10/139、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停頓成功！。2022/10/132022/10/13Thursday, October 13, 202210、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1310/13/2022 8:02:43 AM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/13Oct-2213-Oct-2212、世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份缺乏，可得無限完美。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/13Thursday, October 13, 202213、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。2022/10/132022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1310/13/202214、意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。13 十月 20222022/10/132022/10/132022/10/1315、楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。十月 222022/1