中考英語語法專項練習題及答案中考英語專項練習之主謂一致及直接引語和間接引語主謂一致英語中句子的主語要與以后的謂語保持一致，即“主謂一致”。一般依據(jù)三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。【練習導航】Ⅰ.用合適的be動詞或助動詞填空。Everystudent_______gotabook.Thenumberofstudentsintheschool_______nowrising.Anumberofboys_______playingbasketballatthemoment.There_______somethingelseinthedesk.Tom,togetherwithhismother,_______gonetoNewYork.Theteacherwithtwostudents_______playingsports.Thispairoftrousers_______madebymyauntlastyear.Fivemonths_______alongtimetowait.Here_______somebooks.Tocleantheroom_______yourduty.Ⅱ.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的合適形式填空。WhenIgotthere,theyeach_______(read)abook.Neitherofus_______(like)thestorybook.Everyoneexceptme_______(go)tothecinemayesterday.Afootballteamoften_______(have)elevenplayers.Noonebutmyparents_______(know)thetruth.Jim’sfamily_______(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.Whatyousaid_______(be)quiteusefultous.Look!Theclass_______(do)morningexerciseontheplayground.Twentyyears_______(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.Threeglassesofmilk_______(be)enoughforus.Ⅲ.單項選擇()21.EitherTomorI______goingtheretomorrow.A.areB.isC.amD.be()22.Jennyaswellasherfriends______swimming.A.aregoingB.hasgoneC.weregoingD.havegone()23.Noone______swimminginsuchbadweather.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()24.—What______thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem______fromtheUSA.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are()25.IhearonethirdofthebooksinWuhuLibrary______new.Let’sborrowsome.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()26.Goodnews!There______fewerpeoplecatchingthiskindofillnessnow.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()27.Thenews______veryinteresting!Tellmemore!A.isB.areC.wereD.was()28.—Idon’tthinkit’sgoodtodriveeighthourswithoutarest.—Iagree.Eighthours______reallyaverylongtime.A.hasB.isC.areD.am()29.EitherTomorshe______goingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.A.areB.wasC.isD.be()30.ThisismytwinsisterLucy.BothsheandI______goodatdrawing.A.amB.isC.areD.be()31.Nowthestudentseach______anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving()32.Oneofmyfriends______alreadymovedtoLondon.A.doB.doesC.haveD.has()33.Ithinkphysics______moredifficultthanChinese.A.isB.areC.haveD.has()34.NotonlyJimbutalsohissister______afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited()35.NeitherJimnorhiscousins______toFrance,but______ofthemknowthecountryverywell.A.havebeen;allB.havebeen;bothC.hasbeen;allD.hasbeen;both【指點迷津】“主謂一致”最基本的原則是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)謂語動詞；復數(shù)主語用復數(shù)謂語動詞。但在實質(zhì)運用中情況比較復雜，現(xiàn)將同學們常犯的錯誤歸納以下：◆each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語決定?！鬶alfof,therestof,mostof,allof及“百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of”等后接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后的名詞。◆all作主語，常表示可數(shù)的人或物。作“所有的人或物”講時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；作“所有”講時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。◆主語后有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,aswellas等引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若重申一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若重申詳盡成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)?！舯硎拘亟?、價格、時間、長度等的復數(shù)名詞或詞組作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。◆由Here/There開頭的句子，其主語不僅一個時，謂語動詞平時與周邊的主語保持一致。◆“anumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；“thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。直接引語和間接引語【練習導航】將以下直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞。1.“Iamdoingmyhomework,”shesaid.Shesaidthat______________doing_______homework.2.“Ihaven’tbeentherebefore,”Susansaidtome.Susan_______methatshe______________therebefore.3.“Lucywenttotheparkwithherfriends,”Lilysaid.LilysaidthatLucy______________totheparkwithherfriends.4.Mygeographyteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Mygeographyteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthantheearth.5.“Icleanedtheroomyesterday,”Tomsaid.Tomtoldmethathe_______cleanedtheroom_____________________.6.“Youcancomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_____________________beforefive.7.“Tomrepairedhiscartwoweeksago,”shesaid.ShesaidthatTom_______repairedhiscartwoweeks_______.8.“Didyoufinishtheworklastweek”heasked.He______________Ihadfinishedtheworktheweek_______.9.Shesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”She_______Jimthathe_______sitthere.Heasked,“Whenwillyoubeback,Susan”HeaskedSusan_____________________beback.11.Sheaskedme,“Youwenttherethatday,didn’tyou”Sheaskedme____________________________therethatday.“Didyoudoyourhomeworklastnight,Jack”Sheasked.12.SheaskedJack____________________________hishomeworkthenight_______.Theoldmansaidtome,“Leavethewindowopen.”Theoldman_______me_______leavethewindowopen.14.“Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea”Tomaskedme.Tom_______me_____________________tohaveacupoftea.15.“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet,Mike,”shesaid.She_______Mike_____________________footballinthestreet.【指點迷津】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，需要注意以下變化：◆人稱的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語的主語的人稱要依據(jù)“一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新”的原則。以下表：直接引語的主語變?yōu)殚g接引語后第一人稱與主句的主語一致第二人稱與主句的賓語一致第三人稱不變◆時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)應進行以下變化：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時◆指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語的變化直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語地點狀語herethere時間狀語yesterdaythedaybefore動詞comegotodaythatday指示代詞thisthattomorrowthenextdaythesethoseagobefore◆注意事項若是主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r態(tài)，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。若是在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不改為there，come也不改為go。若是在當天轉(zhuǎn)述，today,tomorrow或yesterday等不改變。若是轉(zhuǎn)述的是自然現(xiàn)象、客觀存在的規(guī)律等，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。Key：主謂一致Ⅰ.1.has2.is3.are4.is5.has6.is7.was8.is9.are10.isⅡ.11.werereading12.likes13.went14.has15.knows16.enjoy17.is18.aredoing19.has20.are21-25CBBAB26-30A