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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheir(1).Andtheymusthave

(2)

howdifficultitistowriteagoodchildren'sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedtoo

(3)

,sothatthechildrencan'tfollowwhatisinhis(ormoreoften,her)story,

(4)

thestoryseemstobetalkingtothereaders.

Thebestchildren'sbooksareneitherverydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththechildrenwho

(5)

thestoryandtheadultwho

(6)

it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact

(7)

bookslikethis,sotheproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot

(8)

tosolve.Thismaybewhymanyofbooksregardedasworksofchildren'sliteraturewereinfactwrittenfor

(9)

.“Alice'sAdventureinWonderland”isperhapsthemostobviousofthis.Children,leftforthemselves,often

(10)

theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinbookshopor

(11)

andhewillmorewillinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginativeway,orhavea

(12)

atmostchildren'scomics,fullofthestoriesandjokeswhicharetheobjectionsofteachersandright-thinkingparents.

Perhapsweparentsshould

(13)

tryingtobrainwashchildrenintoacceptingourtasteinliterature.Afterallchildrenandadultsareso

(14)

thatweparentsshouldnotexpectthattheywillenjoythe

(15)

books.SoIsupposewe'lljusthavetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.

【答案】(1)children

(2)realized

(3)high

(4)or

(5)hear

(6)read

(7)few

(8)easy

(9)grow-ups或adults

(10)show

(11)library

(12)look

(13)stop

(14)different

(15)same

【解析】(1)由空格前的their可知此處應(yīng)填入名詞。句中出現(xiàn)parents“父母”和bedtimestory“床頭故事”,空格前的their指parents,因此可知空格處可填入“children”。

(2)空格前的they依然指parents,空格后是how引導(dǎo)的從句,因此空格處為動詞。根據(jù)句意“他們一定已經(jīng)……寫一本好的兒童書有多難”。這里需要選擇一個動詞表示父母們“知道”、“認(rèn)知”寫一本好的兒童書的有多難,可填入realized“意識到”,符合語境,

(3)由空格前的too可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞。前面動詞aim“設(shè)置目標(biāo)”,加上后面sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語“孩子們聽不懂他(或她)的故事”,因此作者設(shè)置的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是“過于高(high)”。

(4)空格后是一個完整句,因此空格處應(yīng)為連接詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。本句句首出現(xiàn)了either,結(jié)合后半句句意“這個故事似乎在與讀者對話”,可知本句就是在表達寫故事的兩種后果——一種看不懂,一種似乎是對話??上氲脚ceither搭配的or,either…or…表示“要么……要么……”。

(5)空格處為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞thechildren,主語who后面缺少從句的謂語動詞成分。賓語是thestory,children自然是“聽”故事的人,因此此處填入hear。

(6)空格前后都有名詞,且這里有并列關(guān)系詞and,可知空格處應(yīng)填入動詞。Theadult指的是parents,it指thestory,因此應(yīng)填入動詞read。

(7)空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞來修飾名詞books。由句首的unfortunately可知,“像這樣的(上一句所說)故事書”應(yīng)該是“很難”找到,這個修飾詞表示否定含義,因此可用few修飾books,表示“幾乎沒有(很難找到)這樣的書”。

(8)空格前有be動詞,后面是動詞不定式tosolve,需要解決的是“theproblem”,且本句后半部分是so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語,原因在前半句“不幸的是,事實上像這樣的書沒有幾本”,由此可知這個問題“不容易解決”,應(yīng)填入easy。

(9)本句句首的“thismaybewhy”說明本句是順承上句而來的結(jié)果,上句說到“真正的兒童書籍幾乎沒有”,因此本句表示“兒童文學(xué)作品實際上是為成年人而寫”??崭裉帒?yīng)填入表示“成年人”的詞,adults或grow-ups。

(10)空格處詞語的賓語是interest“興趣”,因此這里說的是“讓孩子自己讀書時,他們常常對文學(xué)毫無興趣”?!氨憩F(xiàn)興趣”應(yīng)用“showtheinterest”表示,空格處填入show。

(11)空格前的or在本句表示并列,or前后的詞語應(yīng)該詞性一致、并具有同一特點,bookshop“書店”有書供孩子閱讀,另一個常見同類地方就是library“圖書館”。

(12)本句表示“讓孩子們在書店或圖書館自行選書閱讀”,空格后是一類圖書children’scomics“兒童漫畫”,因此前面應(yīng)是表示“閱讀”的動詞或動詞詞組,加上空格前后的havea…at,可推知此處應(yīng)是“havealookat”。

(13)本句句意:也許我們父母應(yīng)該……嘗試給孩子洗腦,讓他們接受我們對文學(xué)的品味。上一段表示兒童文學(xué)作品大多為成年人而寫,真正的兒童讀物很少。由此推測本句是在呼吁“停止嘗試給孩子洗腦”。stopdoingsth.表示“停止做某事”。

(14)本句句意:畢竟兒童和成人間有著很大的……,因此父母不應(yīng)期待他們會喜歡讀……的書,接上文,兒童不會喜歡成人化的作品,說明兒童與成人是“不同的”,因此此處應(yīng)填入different。

(15)接上題解析,由于兒童和成人有很大不同,因此他們不會讀“相同的”書籍,應(yīng)填入same。

2.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby(

).

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問題2選項

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問題3選項

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問題4選項

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來將基因?qū)隩ILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因?qū)隩ILS,科學(xué)家們使用了一種病毒,利用它入侵細(xì)胞的自然傾向?!贝_定B選項‘入侵細(xì)胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問‘根據(jù)文章,SCID是由……導(dǎo)致的?!鶕?jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴(yán)重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID),由單個異?;蛞鸬拿溉狈σ?。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進入病人的T細(xì)胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項‘單克隆抗體過量’、B選項‘腫瘤壞死因子過多’和C選項‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關(guān)系及this這個詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA),所以D選項‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問‘為什么癌癥患者會對這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞重新植入患者體內(nèi)的想法似乎有點嚇人”推知A選項‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質(zhì)’正確。B選項‘疫苗是來自煙草植物’和D選項‘載體中的遺傳物質(zhì)可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒有提及,排除;C選項‘基因轉(zhuǎn)移的安全性尚未得到證實’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年,基因轉(zhuǎn)移的可行性與安全性己經(jīng)得到證明?!被ハ嗝?,排除。

4.題目提問‘ADA通過下列哪一種途徑轉(zhuǎn)移到患者的T細(xì)胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因---ADA---通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進入病人的T細(xì)胞?!贝_定D選項‘modifiedretrovirus經(jīng)過修改的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒’正確。

3.單選題

Afteryou’vestartedtomasterthetechniques,therealstruggleisjustbeginning.It’s(

)thatmakesyougreat.

問題1選項

A.persistence

B.insistence

C.continuation

D.mentality

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)你開始掌握技術(shù)后,真正的斗爭才開始。讓你變得偉大的是堅持。persistence“堅持不懈”;insistence“堅持,強調(diào)”;continuation“繼續(xù)”;mentality“心態(tài)”。根據(jù)句意,選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

)isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

問題1選項

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主語的用法。本句缺少主語。that引導(dǎo)了一個完整的句子,由此可知句首只需要一個形式主語。四個選項中只有D選項it可充當(dāng)形式主語。句意:英語正在被接受為一種國際語言,這是一個事實。

5.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat(

).

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

).

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

).

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問題2選項

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問題3選項

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

問題4選項

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘盡管工人們擔(dān)心自動化的影響,但他們從不懷疑……?’根據(jù)第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點是抵抗技術(shù)變革是徒然的”確定D選項“自動化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……?’根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法,它要求在提高生產(chǎn)力的基礎(chǔ)上增加工資?!贝_定B選項“工人應(yīng)該共享生產(chǎn)增加和成本降低的福利”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘為了獲得自動化的全部好處,勞動力將主要依靠……?’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而,勞動力有可能主要依靠減少工作時間來充分分享自動化的成果?!贝_定A選項“更短的工作時間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。

4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動化的發(fā)展對勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來的影響”,所以B選項“勞工與自動化的影響”正確。文章并沒有對自動化的劣勢展開討論,所以A選項“自動化的優(yōu)勢與劣勢”錯誤,C選項“失業(yè)福利計劃和自動化”和D選項“自動化的社會效益”只是文中提及的一部分內(nèi)容,排除。

6.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto(

)theweeklystaffmeeting.

問題1選項

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preside“管理;主持(常與over搭配)”;B選項introduce“介紹;引進;提出”;C選項chair“擔(dān)任主席;主持;使……入座”;D選項dominate“控制;支配;占優(yōu)勢”。句意:由于經(jīng)理出差去了,我被邀請……每周員工會議。此處應(yīng)表示“主持會議”,A選項preside應(yīng)與over搭配才表示“主持”,只有C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe(

).

問題1選項

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析題。layaside“放棄(某種習(xí)慣),積蓄(金錢),把…放在一邊”;layup“放置不用,貯存,儲蓄,使(某人)待在床上或室內(nèi)”;layout“設(shè)計;展示,安排”;layoff“暫時解雇,裁員,停止工作”;根據(jù)句意‘隨著失業(yè)率不斷上升,45-55歲的女性工人通常最先被(

)?!_定D選項正確。

8.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall(

)inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項

A.intimacy

B.increment

C.immortality

D.incidence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。intimacy“親密,親昵行為,隱私”;increment“增量,增加”;immortality“不朽,不滅”;incidence“發(fā)生率,影響”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation該市人口”確定B選項“增加”符合句意,正確。

9.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto(

).

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

).

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans(

).

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“(

)".

問題1選項

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

問題2選項

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中,作者給一些術(shù)語下了定義,目的是……”。文章第一段提到“這些定義是有必要的,因為必須強調(diào)在一個資源有限的世界中,個人或團體之間的競爭是不可避免的,但是此沖突不是彼沖突”(Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict),由此可以看出作者是為了區(qū)分兩種“沖突”,選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來,競爭與沖突的區(qū)別在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的,其前提是在動物物種的斗爭中,只有適者生存。一般來說,這種斗爭在本質(zhì)上是競爭,而不是沖突”(Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict),因此選項D“它本質(zhì)是為了生存斗爭”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“短語functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。該短語與后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相對應(yīng),意思與之相反,選項B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章可能主要是為了回答……這個問題”。文章第一句話提到戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免這個問題得到世界上很多偉大作家的關(guān)注(Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters);文章最后一句話提到國家之間像戰(zhàn)爭一樣的沖突不可避免,但是競爭是不可避免的(itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis),可知全文都是在圍繞著“戰(zhàn)爭能否避免”這話題展開,選項A符合題意。

10.翻譯題

金銀玉器是一個總稱,通指對金、銀等金屬材質(zhì)及玉石進行鍛煉、雕琢加工而成的佩戴裝飾品或觀賞工藝品。

我國金銀器的制造和使用已有三千多年的歷史。在商代青銅文化聞名于世的同時,就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了金器。從傳世文物上來看,金銀器品種繁多,應(yīng)用廣泛。小到金銀首飾,大到佛塔供器,無不可以發(fā)現(xiàn)金銀器的蹤影。普通人家只是將金銀器用作佩飾可收藏,官宦人家則更用作飲食、生活用具,而宮廷中金銀器的使用則遍及佛事、飲食起居、冠服車馬、陳設(shè)裝飾等各個方面。從中可以想見金銀器對我們傳統(tǒng)文化及日常生活的深刻影響。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成,用于佩戴裝飾或陳設(shè)觀賞的藝術(shù)品。早期的玉器多用作禮器,少數(shù)用作佩飾。從良渚、紅山文化遺址中出土的古玉來看,新石器時期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的禮器外,還有辟邪的神秘意味,同時還是權(quán)力、財富和尊貴的象征,用玉的階層也只限于王公貴族。宋代以后,玉器的使用逐漸普及,大量的玉器皿、玉佩飾也進入了尋常百姓之家。玉在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中具有特殊的意義,中國也贏得了“玉器之國”的美譽。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

11.單選題

Successas(

)byeconomicoutputbearsnocloserelationshiptohumanachievement.

問題1選項

A.decided

B.achieved

C.assured

D.measured

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:靠經(jīng)濟輸出來獲得的成功與人類成就沒有緊密的聯(lián)系。achievesuccess“獲得成功”,選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Nowthecheersandapplause(

)inasinglesustainedroar.

問題1選項

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項mingle“混合;交往”;B選項tangle“使……纏結(jié)在一起;打架”;C選項baffle“使……困惑;使……受挫折”;D選項huddle“擠在一起;蜷縮;靠攏”。句意:現(xiàn)在歡呼聲和掌聲……在一個持續(xù)的呼喊中。綜合句意與選項可知,此處表示“歡呼聲與掌聲混合”,A選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Arroganceandpridearesimilarinmeaning,butthereisa(n)(

)differencebetweenthem.

問題1選項

A.submerged

B.indecisive

C.indistinct

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:傲慢與驕傲字面上意思接近,但是二者有細(xì)微的區(qū)別。submerged“水下的”;indecisive“猶豫不決的”;indistinct“模糊的”;subtle“微妙的,細(xì)微的”。根據(jù)句意,選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Thevolcanolaid(

)now,butwefeltsureitwoulderuptagainwithintheyear.

問題1選項

A.inactive

B.slack

C.elevated

D.inattentive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。inactive“不活動的,不活躍的”;slack“懶惰的,懈怠的”;elevate“舉起,提起”;inattentive“不注意的,漫不經(jīng)心的”;根據(jù)句意‘盡管火山目前是(

)狀態(tài),但是我們確信今年它會再次噴發(fā)?!_定A選項正確。

15.單選題

Highgradesaresupposedto(

)academicability,butJohn'sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.

問題1選項

A.certify

B.clarify

C.classify

D.notify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項certify“證明;保證”;B選項clarify“澄清;闡明”;C選項classify“分類;分等”;D選項notify“通知;公布”。句意:高分應(yīng)該能……學(xué)術(shù)能力,但約翰的實際表現(xiàn)并沒有證實這一點。后半句的“證實”也是在提示highgrade與academicability之間的邏輯關(guān)系,綜合對比選項可得A選項正確。

16.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.(1)itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

(2)takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

(3)

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

(4)ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

(5)manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth(6)proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

(7)meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

(8)

ontheassumptionthat

(9)ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

(10),individualnutritional(11)canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

(12)nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

(13)theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody(14)

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

(15).

【答案】(1)since

(2)been

(3)guideline或reference

(4)intake

(5)of

(6)has

(7)which

(8)based

(9)it

(10)second

(11)needs

(12)into

(13)affect

(14)in

(15)sex

【解析】(1)語法題??崭袼诰涞闹骶洳糠质乾F(xiàn)在完成進行吋(表示從過去某個時間開始的某動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在),所以空格這是應(yīng)填寫一個連詞since表示時間的開始,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

(2)語法題。根據(jù)上一題解析知道這里是完成進行時,taking用的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式,根據(jù)固定搭配(主語)+助動詞(have/has)+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分)知這里填寫been。

(3)句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance(推薦膳食許可量)是保持最佳身體健康的......”可知這里要填一個跟RDA對等的名詞,guideline或reference都可以。

(4)句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“針對不同年齡及性別的人們,RDA(推薦膳食許可量)列舉了一些營養(yǎng)物的推薦攝入量?!薄?dāng)z入量’填寫intake。

(5)介詞用法。根據(jù)第4題的句意分析知這里句意是“針對不同年齡及性別的人們”,應(yīng)該填介詞of來構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語修飾前面的people。

(6)時態(tài)用法題。由上文可知本句也是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),所以這里填寫has。

(7)語法題。根據(jù)句意和空格后動詞確定這是一個從句,這里應(yīng)填一個關(guān)系代詞(指代前面的“amount”)來構(gòu)成一個后置定語從句修飾amount,修飾物可以填which或者that,但是前面的amount前有形容詞that,所以這里填寫which較為合適。

(8)固定搭配。bebasedon為固定用法,‘建立在…基礎(chǔ)上’。

(9)固定句式:it+be動詞+形容詞+that從句。it作形式主語。

(10)推斷題。由前一句中的“first(首先)”及前后句的句意,推斷這里應(yīng)該填跟其詞性一樣的詞(其次),所以填寫“second”。

(11)推斷題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘首先,它是基于這樣一種假設(shè),即有可能準(zhǔn)確定義特定人群的營養(yǎng)需求。’推斷這里應(yīng)該是“個人的營養(yǎng)需求”,所以可以填寫needs或者requirements,但是上一句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過requirements,為避免重復(fù),填寫needs。

(12)固定短語。該句句意是‘一個人轉(zhuǎn)換食物攝取營養(yǎng)素的效率也會有很大差異?!疇I養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化’用固定短語convert…into…,所以填介詞into。

(13)句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此處表達“食物混合在一起,可能影響營養(yǎng)成分的吸收。”主語foods是復(fù)數(shù)形式,動詞affect‘影響’用原形。

(14)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。這里的theamountofcalcium應(yīng)該是milk中的,故填寫介詞in‘在...之內(nèi)’。

(15)對應(yīng)前文。對應(yīng)前面第五題空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”,故這里填寫sex。

17.翻譯題

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要說什么的話,家庭是世代之間的紐帶,是社會再生產(chǎn)和文化傳播的焦點?;橐龅娜恳饬x在于它強加了它的明確的義務(wù),而不僅僅是追求自己幸福的權(quán)利。它主要的職責(zé)是為孩子們提供情感和實際的培養(yǎng)。激情燃燒的光芒可能已經(jīng)消退,你對配偶的愛可能不像過去那么令人興奮或滿足,但去尋找另一種愛對你的孩子沒有幫助。對于孩子來說,愛的家庭要么太不定形,要么太不穩(wěn)定。如果這種關(guān)系不再滿足他們對完美幸福的追求,成年人就會繼續(xù)前進。我敢說,愛不足以維持一段持續(xù)的婚姻關(guān)系。愛的家庭,最終,不必在意。不受約束的自由將成為我們的枷鎖,使我們沒有任何依靠,只有孤獨和孤立。

18.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人軼事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inat

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