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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西老區(qū)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto().

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis().

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:下面哪一項(xiàng)適用于美國公司的人力資源管理?根據(jù)原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.(技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任。)由此可知,C選項(xiàng)“公司認(rèn)為員工獲得技能是他們自己的事”符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:在美國公司中人力資源管理主管的地位怎樣?根據(jù)原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).(人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項(xiàng)專門的工作,處于公司等級制度的邊緣。持有該職位的主管在重大戰(zhàn)略決策上不需要征詢他的意見,他也沒有機(jī)會晉升為首席執(zhí)行官。)由此可知,美國公司人力資源管理的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的,在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權(quán)的,所以A選項(xiàng)“他在公司里做重要決定時(shí)沒有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:大多數(shù)美國公司投入培訓(xùn)的資金主要用于什么?根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.(他們投資的資金也更多地集中在專業(yè)人員和管理人員身上。)由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)和管理人員”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:保持一個(gè)公司競爭優(yōu)勢的決定性因素是什么?文章首段第一句話指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.(如果持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢取決于勞動(dòng)者的技能,那么美國公司就有麻煩了。)而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.(基本技能使得吸收掌握新技術(shù)成為可能。)由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文,所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要談?wù)撊绻偁幍膬?yōu)勢取決于工人的技術(shù),那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略,使它們的競爭能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項(xiàng)“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競爭力”正確。

2.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin()populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。densely濃密地、稠密地;intensely激烈地、熱情地;abundantly豐富地;highly高地,非常。句意:住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。jubilant意為“喜氣洋洋的,歡欣鼓舞的”;exultant意為“歡欣鼓舞的,興高采烈的”;conciliatory意為“調(diào)解的,安撫的”;reverent意為“恭敬的,虔敬的”;receptive意為“樂于接受的”。

句意:婚禮開始時(shí),客人們興高采烈。

4.單選題

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,()onMaylst,2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cometothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellback表示“后退”;B選項(xiàng)fellshort表示“不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn),缺乏”;C選項(xiàng)wentintoeffect表示“生效”;D選項(xiàng)cometothepoint表示“直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f,簡明扼要的說”。分析句意可知,中國頒布的首部人體器官移植條例是從2007年5月1日開始生效。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s()pleasanttolookat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atanyrate“無論如何,至少”;bychance“偶然,意外地”;ataloss“困惑不解”;bytheway“順便說說,順便問一下”。句意:即使她很愚笨,至少她很好看。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

BorisYeltsin,Russia’spresident,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。prior“優(yōu)先的”;past“過去的”;former“從前的”;late“遲的;已故的”。本句說的是俄羅斯前總統(tǒng)去世,表示“前任”一般用former,因此C現(xiàn)象符合題意。

7.單選題

Beforeabillcanbecomelaw,ithastohavethefull(

)ofbothHousesorParliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justification

B.warrant

C.endorsement

D.verification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。justification意為“辯解”;warrant意為“授權(quán)令,委任,依據(jù)”;endorsement意為“支持,認(rèn)可”;verification意為“審核,證實(shí)”。

句意:在法案成為法律之前,必須得到議會和國會的完全授權(quán)。

8.單選題

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intears“流著淚”;B選項(xiàng)invain“無效”;C選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流;依次;反過來”;D選項(xiàng)inall“總共,合計(jì)”。句意:醫(yī)生的所有努力都是______,病人很快就死了。根據(jù)語境,醫(yī)生的努力沒有成功救回病人,invain“無效”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith(

)tyleandpersonalconviction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.himself

B.hisown

C.his

D.him

【答案】B

【解析】考查人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。句意:二十多年來,電影導(dǎo)演John將他的電影深深烙上了個(gè)人風(fēng)格和個(gè)人信仰的記號。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。hisown“他自己的”。

10.單選題

ArewetoleratingmoreDishonesty?Theincome-taxdeadlineapproachesandsometaxpayers’thoughtturntoit.Testtimeapproachesandsomestudents’thoughtsturntoit.Temptationappearsandspousesconsiderit.Nowadays,cheatingisontherise.“Youwantsomethingyoucan’tgetbybehavingwithintherules,andyouwantitbadlyenoughyou’lldoitregardlessofanyguiltordeepregretandyou’rewillingtoruntheriskofbeingcaught.”That’showLaddWheeler,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork,definescheating.

Cheatingrepresentsthetriumphofthe“BrazenRule”overthe“GoldenRule”,saysTerryPinkard,philosophyprofessoratGeorgetownUniversity.“TheGoldenRulesays,“Dountoothersasyouwouldlikehavethemdoontoyou.TheBrazenRulesays,“Doontoothersastheywoulddoontoyouiftheywereinyourplace.”Manyexpertsbelievecheatingisontherise.“We’reseeingmoreofthekindofpersonwhoregardstheworldasaseriesofthingstobemanipulated.Whethertocheatdependsonwhetherit’sintheperson’sinterest.”Hedoes,however,seelesscheatingamongtheyoungeststudents.

RichardDienstbier,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofNebraskainLincoln,believesthatsociety’sattitudesaccountformuchoftheriseincheating.Twentyyearsago,ifapersoncheatedincollege,societysaid,“Thatisextremelyserious;youwillbedroppedforasemesterifnotkickedoutpermanently”,hesays.“Nowadays,attheUniversityofNebraska,forexample,itisthestatedpolicyoftheCollegeofArtsandSciencesthatifastudentcheatsonanexam,thestudentmustreceivean‘F’onwhathecheatedon.That’snothing.Ifyou’regoingtofailanyway,whynotcheat?”

Cheatingisunethical,Pinkardsays,whetherit’smassivefraudorfailuretotellastorecashieryouwereundercharged.“You’retreatingotherpeoplemerelyasameansforyourownends.You’reusingpeopleinwaystheywouldnotconsentto.Thecheatersays,“Leteverybodyelsebeartheburden,andI’llreapthebenefits.”

Cheatersusuallytrytojustifytheiractions,saysRobertHogan,chairmanofthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofTulsainOklahoma.“Theyneverthinkit’stheirfault.”Cheatersmakejustificationsbecausetheywanttofeelgoodaboutthemselves,addsWheeler.“Theydon’twanttolabelthemselvesasacheater.Also,theymaybeanticipatingthepossibilityofgettingcaught,sotheyworkontheirexcuseaheadoftime.”Themostcommonjustifications,psychologistssay,include:

“Ihadtodoit.”

“Thetestwasunfair.”

“Everybodydoesit,andIhavetocheattogetwhat’srightfullymine.”

“Thegovernmentwastesthemoneyanyway.”

“Mywife(orhusband)doesn’tunderstandme,andwe’vegrownapart.”

“Cheatingismostlikelyinsituationswherethestakesarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow”,sayssocialpsychologistLynnKahleoftheUniversityofOregoninEugene.Inhisstudy,agroupoffreshmenwereallowedtogradetheirowntests,whilesecret,pressure-sensitivepaperindicatedwhochangedanswers.Toraisethepressure,studentsweregivenanextremelyhighscoreasthe“average”forthetestandtoldthatthosewhofailedwouldgobeforeaninquiringboardofpsychologists.About46percentofthemalestudentschangedanswers;amongthefemales,about30percentcheated.

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.

Despitethegeneralriseincheating,Pinkardseessomecauseforhope,“Idofindamongyoungerstudentsamuchlesstolerantattitudetowardcheating.”Perhaps,hesays,theupcominggenerationislessspoiledthanthe“babyboom”studentswhoprecededthem—andthereforelessself-centered.“Thereseemstobeaswingbackintheculture.”

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Accordingtothepassage,withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyNOTagree?

4.Whenapersoniscaughtcheating,itismostlikelythathe____.

5.Regardingthefutureofcheating,theauthorseemstobe____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convincethereaderthatcheatingisimmoral

B.discussthevarietiesofandreasonsforcheating

C.describehowcheaterscheat

D.suggesthowtocurtailcheating

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisethicaltocheatunlessmoneyisinvolved.

B.Failuretotellastorecashieryouwereunderchargedisnotconsideredcheating.

C.Therehasbeenageneralriseincheating.

D.Mostcheatersarecollegestudents.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cheatingisoftentheresultofintensepressure.

B.Cheatingischeating,whetheronatestoronincometaxforms.

C.Cheatingiswidespreadandsocietyistootolerant.

D.TheBrazenRuleisabetterrulethantheGoldenRule.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pretendstoapologizeforwhathehasdone

B.pretendsthathehasnoknowledgeofwhatisgoingon

C.ascribeshismisconducttosomeexternalmotivation

D.deniesthefactinfearfulanticipationofescapingpunishment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.depressed

B.optimistic

C.amused

D.bewildered

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepurposeofthispassageisto____.本文的目的是____。

A.convincethereaderthatcheatingisimmoralA.讓讀者相信欺騙是不道德的

B.discussthevarietiesofandreasonsforcheatingB.討論欺騙的種類和原因

C.describehowcheaterscheatC.描述欺騙者是怎么欺騙別人的

D.suggesthowtocurtailcheatingD.建議如何減少欺騙

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】文章的寫作目的,需要從全文內(nèi)容來推斷。本文前兩段寫的是各種欺騙的現(xiàn)象;后面幾段都是在討論欺騙現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因。因此,B選項(xiàng)“討論欺騙的種類和原因”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“讓讀者相信欺騙是不道德的”,雖然原文第四段第一句提到“欺騙是不道德的(Cheatingisunethical)”,但是證明這一點(diǎn)并不是本文的目的,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理;

C選項(xiàng)“描述欺騙者是怎么欺騙別人的”,本文的重點(diǎn)并不在介紹欺騙的方式,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

D選項(xiàng)“建議如何減少欺騙”,本文并未就解決欺騙問題提出建議,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?根據(jù)文章,下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的?

A.Itisethicaltocheatunlessmoneyisinvolved.A.欺騙是合乎道德的,除非涉及金錢。

B.Failuretotellastorecashieryouwereunderchargedisnotconsideredcheating.B.沒有告訴收銀員你被少收了錢被認(rèn)為不是欺騙。

C.Therehasbeenageneralriseincheating.C.欺騙現(xiàn)象普遍增加。

D.Mostcheatersarecollegestudents.D.大多數(shù)欺騙者是大學(xué)生。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】原文最后一段第一句提到“盡管欺騙現(xiàn)象普遍增加(thegeneralriseincheating)”,由此可知,欺騙現(xiàn)象普遍增加了。C選項(xiàng)“欺騙現(xiàn)象普遍增加”表述正確符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“欺騙是合乎道德的,除非涉及金錢”,可定位到原文第四段第一句,該句提到“欺騙是不道德的(unethical),無論是大規(guī)模的欺詐還是沒有告訴收銀員你被少收了錢。”由此可知,不管是否涉及金錢,欺騙都是不道德的,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“沒有告訴收銀員你被少收了錢被認(rèn)為不是欺騙”,由A選項(xiàng)定位句可知,沒有告訴收銀員自己被少收了錢也是欺騙,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)欺騙者是大學(xué)生”,原文只是提到了欺騙的類型之一——大學(xué)生作弊,并沒有說大多數(shù)欺騙者是大學(xué)生,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyNOTagree?根據(jù)文章,作者可能不同意下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)?

A.Cheatingisoftentheresultofintensepressure.A.欺騙往往是壓力過大的結(jié)果。

B.Cheatingischeating,whetheronatestoronincometaxforms.B.欺騙就是欺騙,無論是在考試的時(shí)候還是填所得稅表格的時(shí)候。

C.Cheatingiswidespreadandsocietyistootolerant.C.欺騙很普遍,社會對此太寬容了。

D.TheBrazenRuleisabetterrulethantheGoldenRule.D.“無恥原則”比“黃金法則”更好。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】原文第二段第一句提到“欺騙代表著‘無恥原則’對‘黃金規(guī)則’的勝利。”原文最后一段提到“盡管作弊現(xiàn)象普遍增加,但Pinkard看到了一些希望(hope):‘我確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),較年輕的學(xué)生對欺騙的寬容態(tài)度要低得多?!庇纱丝傻茫髡邔ζ垓_是持批判態(tài)度的。由此推斷,作者并不認(rèn)為“無恥原則”比“黃金法則”更好。因此,D選項(xiàng)“‘無恥原則’比‘黃金規(guī)則’更好”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“欺騙往往是壓力過大的結(jié)果”,可定位到原文第六段。本段提到研究人員“用壓力敏感紙(pressure-sensitivepaper)顯示改了答案的學(xué)生”,并且“為了增加壓力(Toraisethepressure),故意給了學(xué)生們一個(gè)很高的平均分”。由此推斷,研究人員認(rèn)為巨大的壓力下,人們更有可能產(chǎn)生欺騙行為。作者把這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)作為自己的一個(gè)案例寫在文章中,可見,他是同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的,該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“欺騙就是欺騙,無論是在考試的時(shí)候還是填所得稅表格的時(shí)候”,可定位到原文第一段。本段第一句提到“所得稅(income-tax)的截止日期越來越近,一些納稅人開始考慮它?!钡诙涮岬健半S著考試(Test)時(shí)間的臨近,一些學(xué)生開始考慮它。”由第四句“如今,欺騙現(xiàn)象(cheating)越來越多”推斷,第一、二句中提到的“它”指的就是欺騙。由此推斷,作者認(rèn)為不管是在考試的時(shí)候還是填所得稅表格的時(shí)候,欺騙就是欺騙。該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“欺騙很普遍,社會對此太寬容了”,原文第一段第四句提到“欺騙現(xiàn)象(cheating)越來越多”;第三段第一句提到“社會的態(tài)度(society’sattitudes)在很大程度上導(dǎo)致了欺騙行為的增加”,根據(jù)第三段的案例可知,社會對欺騙行為的態(tài)度更寬容了。由此推斷,作者會同意該選項(xiàng)的觀點(diǎn),該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whenapersoniscaughtcheating,itismostlikelythathe____.當(dāng)一個(gè)人作弊被抓住的時(shí)候,他很可能會____。

A.pretendstoapologizeforwhathehasdoneA.假裝為他的所作所為道歉

B.pretendsthathehasnoknowledgeofwhatisgoingonB.假裝不知道發(fā)生了什么事

C.ascribeshismisconducttosomeexternalmotivationC.把他的不當(dāng)行為歸咎于某種外部因素

D.deniesthefactinfearfulanticipationofescapingpunishmentD.因?yàn)楹ε绿颖軕土P而否認(rèn)事實(shí)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞apersoniscaughtcheating定位到原文第五段。本段第一句提到“欺騙者通常會試圖為自己的行為辯護(hù)(justifytheiractions)”,第六句提到的借口中有“考試不公平”。由此可知,被抓到作弊的人會為自己的行為找借口,將其歸咎于外部原因。因此,C選項(xiàng)“把他的不當(dāng)行為歸咎于某種外部因素”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“假裝為他的所作所為道歉”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“假裝不知道發(fā)生了什么事”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹ε绿颖軕土P而否認(rèn)事實(shí)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Regardingthefutureofcheating,theauthorseemstobe____.關(guān)于欺騙的未來,作者似乎是____。

A.depressedA.沮喪的

B.optimisticB.樂觀的

C.amusedC.覺得好笑的

D.bewilderedD.困惑的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefutureofcheating定位到原文最后一段。該段提到“盡管作弊現(xiàn)象普遍增加,但Pinkard看到了一些希望(hope)”,“較年輕的學(xué)生對欺騙的寬容態(tài)度要低得多(amuchlesstolerantattitude)”以及“即將到來的一代沒有那么嬌生慣養(yǎng)(lessspoiled),因此不那么以自我為中心(lessself-centered)”。由此推斷,作者認(rèn)為情況將有所好轉(zhuǎn),欺騙現(xiàn)象將減少,他的態(tài)度還是比較樂觀的,B選項(xiàng)“樂觀的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“沮喪的”,不符合原文,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“覺得好笑的”,不符合原文,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“困惑的”,不符合原文,屬于無中生有。

11.單選題

HetoldArablawmakerswhotookpartintheprotestthat“thedaywillcomewhenwewillbanishyoufromthenationalhome”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conquer

B.transfer

C.depart

D.exile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.conquer占領(lǐng),攻克B.transfer轉(zhuǎn)職,轉(zhuǎn)學(xué),改變(環(huán)境)

C.depart離開,離去D.exile流放,放逐

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】banish的意思為“放逐,流放,把(某人)驅(qū)逐出境”,這里指把參加抗議活動(dòng)的阿拉伯議員驅(qū)逐出境,exile與之詞義相近,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】他告訴參加抗議活動(dòng)的阿拉伯議員:“我們把你們趕出國家的那一天終將到來?!?/p>

12.單選題

Idon’tknowhowtogetthereeither—perhapswe,dbetter(

)amap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.note

B.mark

C.consult

D.draft

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。note“做筆記”;mark“做標(biāo)記”;consult“咨詢”;draft“做草圖”。句意:我也不知道怎么去那里,也許我們最好在地圖上標(biāo)記一下。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Thedestructionofthesetreasuresarealossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupto

B.makeupfor

C.comeupwith

D.putupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起,抵抗,勇敢地面對”;B選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”;C選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出,想出,趕上”;D選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受,容忍”。句意:損害這些寶物對是人類的損失,是再多的金錢也無法彌補(bǔ)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Theoryandsciencearenurturedinmaterialenvironments,andapplicationisapowerful()tothought.Inthisrespecthewasagreatplanterofideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encouragement

B.spur

C.drive

D.drivingforce

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓舞”;B選項(xiàng)spur“鞭策,刺激”;C選項(xiàng)drive“驅(qū)動(dòng)”,常用表達(dá):adrivetosth,D選項(xiàng)drivingforce“驅(qū)動(dòng)力,推動(dòng)力”,常用表達(dá):drivingforceforsth,跟后面的“to”不搭,可排除D選項(xiàng)。句意:理論科學(xué)是在物質(zhì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的,而應(yīng)用則是思想的強(qiáng)力……。在這方面,他是一個(gè)偉大的思想傳播者。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧,幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來人類一直籍以為樂的故事,所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏,懂得如何才能使它對我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人,也就是那些從未體驗(yàn)過讀好書之樂趣的人吧。

我對人最為感興趣,喜歡結(jié)識他們,喜歡了解他們。我認(rèn)識的一些非凡之人,首先存在于作者的想象之中,然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間,最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn)。我在書中找到了新的朋友,新的社會,還有新的語言。

把你的一部分空閑時(shí)光用來培養(yǎng)閱讀好書的愛好吧。愛讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂趣,他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食,從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺中,他們從書中吸取的知識積累起來,經(jīng)過想象力的加工,對將來大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

16.單選題

Afewyearsago,therichworld’sworryabouteconomicinteractionwithdevelopingcountrieswasthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromit.SounbalancedwerethetermsofexchangebetweentheNorth’smightyindustriesandtheSouth’sweaklingsweatshopstrade(31)betweenthetwocouldbe(32)morethanexploitationoftheonebytheother;farfromhelpingthepoorcountries,globalintegrationwouldactuallydeepentheirpoverty.Thisfearhasnowgiven(33)toapessimismthatisequalandopposite—namely,thattradewiththedevelopingworldwill(34)today’srichcountries.

Likethepreviousscare,thisviewcontainsaniotaoftruth—enoughtolendplausibility.Alsolikeitspredecessor,itisa(35)exaggeration.(36),thisnewfearismoredangerousthantheoldone.Theearlierscaretacitlyaffirmedthattheindustrialcountrieswouldsufferiftheycuttheirlinks(37)thethirdworld.Startingfromthere,campaigningintheNorthtorestricttradewithdevelopingcountrieswasgoingtobeanuphillstruggle.Thosewhoopposedeepereconomicintegrationnowhaveabetterplatform.Vitalinterests(38)therichcountriestoprotecttheirindustriesfromthenewonslaught.(39)itspredecessor,thisideamaysell.

Thegripthatthisthinkingalreadyhasonpopularopinion(40)littletoeconomichistoryorprinciples.Thenewfear,liketheoldone,expressestheconvictionthatgrowthinonepartoftheworldmustsomehowcome(41)another.Thisisadeeplyrootedprejudice,and(42)wrong.Verynearlyalloftheworldismoreprosperousnowthanitwas30yearsago.Growthhasbeenastoryof(43)advance,notredistribution;and(44)livingstandardshavenotimprovedinrecentdecades(notably,inpartsofAfrica),excessiveinteractionintheinternationaleconomyhasnotbeenthecause.

Lendingusefulsupporttothisfirsterrorisasecond—theideathatthereisonlysomuchworktogoround.Ifnewtechnologiesrendersomejobsobsolete,orifanincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimportsmakesotherjobs(45),theresultmustbeapermanentriseinunemployment.Again,onamoment’sreflection,thisiswrong;otherwise,technologicalprogressthiscenturywouldhavepushedunemploymentratesintheindustrialcountriestosomethinginexcessof95%.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.anywhere

C.something

D.nothing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.out

C.in

D.up

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.outweigh

B.impoverish

C.enrich

D.dwindle

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hysterical

B.corrosive

C.abysmal

D.covert

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Moreover

B.Hence

C.Consequently

D.However

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.with

C.on

D.of

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.cozen

C.object

D.oblige

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Like

C.Unlike

D.With

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.owes

B.adds

C.cuts

D.reduces

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.infavorof

B.inreturnfor

C.attheexpenseof

D.inplaceof

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.partially

B.plainly

C.largely

D.scarcely

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.beneficial

B.complementary

C.essential

D.mutual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.what

D.with

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.uneconomic

C.economical

/r

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