書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Aman,withhismind（

）bypersonaltrivia,cannotpossiblyaccomplishanythingatanypost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.preceded

C.preoccupied

D.prescribed

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘一個(gè)只專注于個(gè)人瑣事的人是無(wú)論如何也不可能完成任何事情的?！芍@里是指“只專注于個(gè)人瑣事的人”，A選項(xiàng)presume“假定”；B選項(xiàng)precede“領(lǐng)先，優(yōu)于”；C選項(xiàng)preoccupy“搶先占有，使…全神貫注”；D選項(xiàng)prescribe“規(guī)定，開(kāi)處方”。C選項(xiàng)的preoccupiedby...“專注于…”正確。

2.單選題

PatrickHenry,bornin1736,（）byhisfather,whohadadvancedtraininginmechanics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadtaught

B.hasbeentaught

C.taught

D.wastaught

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：帕特里克?亨利出生于1736年，由受過(guò)高級(jí)機(jī)械培訓(xùn)的父親教導(dǎo)。此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A，C。本句表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除B。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（）themselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。expand“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”；stretch“延伸”；prolong“延長(zhǎng)，拖延”；extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”。stretchoneself為固定用法，意為“伸懶腰；伸展身體”。句意：完成了上午的工作后，職員們站到自己辦公桌的后面伸展身體。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Petrolisrefinedfromthe（）oilwetakeoutoftheground.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crude

B.fresh

C.rude

D.original

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crude“天然的，未加工的”；B選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的，清新的”；C選項(xiàng)rude“粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的”；D選項(xiàng)original“原來(lái)的；開(kāi)始的”。句意：汽油是由地下開(kāi)采的原油提煉而成的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

PriortotheeventofSeptember11,theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.Inthisnewforeignpolicycalculus,India,thelargest,mostpowerfuleconomicallydynamic,politicallystable,andstrategicallysignificantstateintheregion,wasdestinedtoemergeasalinchpin.SuchashiftwaspossiblebecauseunlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations,bothduringandaftertheColdWar,theGeorgeW.BushregimehadfinallydecidedthatPakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.SuchadecisionwasalsomadepossiblebecauseofPakistan’ssteadydownwardeconomicspiral,thepresenceofaPakistanimilitarydictatorshipinademocratizingAsiaandalsobecauseofPakistan’sextensivestrategiclinkswiththeloathsomeTalibanregimeinAfghanistan.FewAmericaninterests,itappeared,wereimplicatedinthatcountry.

Simultaneously,India,whichhadalmostreflexivelyopposedvirtuallyanymajorAmericanforeignpolicy,initiativelyappearedtobechangingitsorientation.TheBharatiyaJanataParty(RlP)-IedregimeinIndiawasdemonstratingadegreeofintellectualflexibilitythatfewregimesinIndiahadeverdisplayed,specifically,theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treatyandmovetowarddramaticcutsintheAmericannucleararsenal.Admittedly,theIndiaendorsementoftheAmericanpositionwasanythingbutfulsome.

Nevertheless,eventhislimitedembraceofanotherwisecontroversialAmericanstrategicshiftwasquitesignificant.Atanotherlevel,unlikemanypreviousregimes,theBJP-ledgovernmentappearedmuchmoreinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitary-to-militarycontactswiththeUnitedStates.EvenareasofdisagreementinIndo-U.S.relationssuchasthosedealingwithtradeandinvestmentregimesnolongerappearedasacrimoniousness.

1.Theword“l(fā)inchpin”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat

（

）.

3.TheBJP-ledgovernment

（

）.

4.Thearticlemainlytalksabout（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.akindofanimalinSouthAsia

B.somethingvitallyimportant

C.thedominatingpower

D.anally

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.IndiaandPakistanhadbeencloselycooperatingwitheachotherinthepastfewyears.

B.IndiahadenjoyedamorepreferablepositionthanPakistanwithAmericanpoliticianssincethe1970’s

C.GeorgeBushfollowedthesameforeignpolicyasotherAmericanadministrationsinSouthAsia.

D.AmericahadbeenreluctanttodevelopconstructiverelationswithIndiaoutofconsiderationforPakistan.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitarycontestwiththeUS.

B.causedembarrassmentfortheAmericanswhentheymadecontroversialstrategicshift

C.supportedtheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

D.isagainsttheBushadministration'sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.USforeignpolicyinSouthAsia

B.dictatorshipinPakistan

C.contributionoftheIndianBJP-ledgovernment

D.Bush’swisdomasapolitician

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)原文句意“在這一新的外交政策考量中，印度作為該地區(qū)最大、經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)力最強(qiáng)、政治穩(wěn)定以及戰(zhàn)略意義重大的國(guó)家，注定會(huì)成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素?！薄發(fā)inchpin”的本意就是關(guān)鍵的意思，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有信息提及；選項(xiàng)B時(shí)間表述有誤；根據(jù)第一段第三句“...unlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations...不像其他美國(guó)政府”可知選項(xiàng)C表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“PakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.巴基斯坦再也不能對(duì)美印關(guān)系行使否決權(quán)?！笨芍x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“BJP-ledgovernment”定位到第二段，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty.以印度人民黨為首的政權(quán)對(duì)布什政府修改《反彈道導(dǎo)彈條約》的決定表示謹(jǐn)慎支持”由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段首句為本文的主旨句?！皌heBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.布什政府已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在南亞制定明確的方針?！边x項(xiàng)A“美國(guó)在南亞的外交政策”最能概括全文，所以正確。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.Hewantstoseewhatisreachingtowardshim,andtobeabletorecognizeoratleastclassifyit.Manalwaystendstoavoidphysicalcontactwithanythingstrange.Eveninsleep,whenheisfarmoreunguarded,hecanalltooeasilybedisturbedbyatouch.

Allthedistanceswhichmencreateroundthemselvesaredictatedbythisfear.Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.Thefearofbeingtouchedremainswithuswhenwegoaboutamongpeople;thewaywemoveinabusystreet,inrestaurants,trainsorbuses,isgovernedbyit.Evenwhenwearestandingnexttothemandareabletowatchandexaminethemclosely,weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.

Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.Thecrowdheneedsisthedensecrowd,inwhichbodyispressedtobody;acrowd,too,whosephysicalconstitutionisalsodense,orcompact,sothathenolongernoticeswhoitisthatpressesagainsthim.Assoonasamanhassurrenderedhimselftothecrowdheceasestofearitstouch.

Ideallyallareequalthere;nodistinctionscount,noteventhatofsex.Themanpressedagainsthimisthesameashimself.Hefeelshimashefeelshimself.Suddenlyitisasthougheverythingwerehappeninginoneandthesamebody.Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.Themorefiercelypeoplepresstogether,themorecertaintheyfeelthattheydonotfeareachother.Thisreversalofthefearofbeingtouchedbelongstothenatureofcrowds.Thefeelingofreliefismoststrikingwherethedensityofthecrowdisgreatest.

1.Peoplefearburglarsbecause（）.

2.Inpublic,accordingtotheauthor,we（）.

3.Whichisthepossiblemeaningofthephrase“maketheapproach”inParagraph3?

4.Thewaywefeelwheninacrowdispresentedasa(n)（）.

5.Onceformed,crowdsalwaystendto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyarrivesuddenlyandunexpectedly

B.theygrabyouinthedark

C.theytakeawayyourmosttreasuredpersonalpossessions

D.theyattackpeopleintheassumedsafetyoftheirhome

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alwaysavoidcontactwithpeople

B.donotobjecttosomeoneattractivetouchingus

C.feelveryuneasy

D.trynottobetouched

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.runaway

B.makeone’sway

C.layouttheroad

D.trytogetnearer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.absurdity

B.logicalconclusion

C.opposite

D.paradox

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becomeuncomfortable

B.contract

C.expand

D.splitup

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文中第一句話Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.“沒(méi)有什么比接觸未知更讓人害怕的了?！币约暗诙蔚诙銽heyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.“他們把自己關(guān)在一所不讓人進(jìn)去的房子里，不僅怕被搶劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地從黑暗中鉆出來(lái)?！庇刑岬剑藗兒ε挛粗挛锸且?yàn)榕潞诎抵械耐蝗灰馔?。A選項(xiàng)“他們來(lái)得突然，出乎意料”這是竊賊的特點(diǎn)，但不是人們害怕的理由；B選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诤诎抵凶プ∧恪?，跟原文表達(dá)的意思是一樣的；C選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)帶走你最珍貴的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)”文中有提及，但表示深層原因；D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌藗冋J(rèn)為安全的家里攻擊他們”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章第二段提到…weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone…“我們盡量避免實(shí)際接觸。如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋恕保纱丝芍?，在公共?chǎng)合，作者認(rèn)為我們不反對(duì)有吸引力的人對(duì)我們的碰觸，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“總是避免與人接觸”跟原文表述“盡量避免與人接觸”還是有區(qū)別的，前者有些絕對(duì)化，人多的時(shí)候我們不可能避免接觸，只是說(shuō)盡量；C選項(xiàng)“感到十分不安”，文中沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于心情方面；D選項(xiàng)“盡量不要被碰”也是比較絕對(duì)的說(shuō)法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題意定位到文章第二段Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.“如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋?；然后是我們?lái)采取行動(dòng)?！庇纱丝芍?，maketheapproach意為“采取措施，采取行動(dòng)”。A選項(xiàng)“逃跑”意思不對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“讓路，行走”也不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“鋪設(shè)道路”可排除；D選項(xiàng)“試著靠近”與approach（靠近）意思一致，比較符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第三段Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.

“只有在人群中，人們才能擺脫被觸碰的恐懼。只有在這種情況下，恐懼才會(huì)變成與之相反的?！焙竺孢€給出了相應(yīng)的合理解釋。由此可知，我們?cè)谌巳褐幸话愕母惺苁呛侠淼?。B選項(xiàng)“合乎邏輯的結(jié)論”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“荒謬，謬論”與題意相反；C選項(xiàng)“相反的”并不是原文要表達(dá)的意思；D選項(xiàng)“悖論”不合題意可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章最后一段Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.“這也許是群體慢慢向他自己靠攏的原因之一：它希望盡可能徹底地消除每個(gè)個(gè)體對(duì)被觸碰的恐懼?！币馑际侨巳憾嗔?，每個(gè)人所占據(jù)的空間就相應(yīng)地縮小了，也就向自己越靠越緊了。B選項(xiàng)contract“收縮”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“變得不舒服”，由最后一句話可知該選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)；C選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)張”與題意正好相反；D選項(xiàng)“分開(kāi)”文中未提及可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Aidedbytherecentabilitytoanalyzesamplesofairtrappedglaciers,scientistsnowhaveaclearerideaoftherelationshipbetweenatmosphericcompositionandglobaltemperaturechangeoverthepast160,000years.Inparticular,determinationofatmosphericcompositionduringperiodsofglacialexpansionandretreat(coolingandwarming)ispossibleusingdatafromthe2,000-meterVostokicecoredrilledinAntarctica.Thetechniqueinvolvedissimilartothatusedinanalyzingcoresofmarinesediments,wheretheratioofthetwocommonisotopesofoxygen,180and160,accuratelyreflectspasttemperaturechanges.IsotopicanalysisofoxygenintheVostokcoresuggestsmainglobaltemperaturefluctuationsofupto10degreescentigradeoverthepast160,000years.DatafromtheVostokcorealsoindicatethattheamountofCarbondioxidehasfluctuatedwithtemperatureoverthesameperiod:thehigherthetemperature,thehighertheconcentrationofcarbondioxideandthelowerthetemperature,thelowertheconcentration.Althoughchangeincarbondioxidecontentcloselyfollowschangeintemperatureduringperiodsofdeglaciation,itapparentlylagsbehindtemperatureduringperiodsofcooling.Thecorrelationofcarbondioxidewithtemperature,ofcourse,doesnotestablishwhetherchangesinatmosphericcompositioncausedthewarmingandcoolingtrendsorwerecausedbythem.ThecorrelationbetweencarbondioxideandtemperaturethroughouttheVostokrecordisconsistentandpredictable.Theabsolutetemperaturechanges,however,arefrom5to14timesgreaterthanwouldbeexpectedonthebasisofcarbondioxide’sownabilitytoabsorbinfraredradiation,orradiantheat.Thisreactionsuggeststhat,quiteasidefromchangesinheat-trappinggases,commonlyknownasgreenhousegases,certainpositivefeedbacksarealsoamplifyingthetemperaturechange.Suchfeedbacksmightinvolveiceonlandandsea,clouds,orwatervapor,whichalsoabsorbradiantheat.OtherdatafromtheVostokcoreshowthatmethanegasalsocorrelatescloselywithtemperatureandcarbondioxide.Themethaneconcentrationnearlydoubled,forexample,betweenthepeakofthepenultimateglacialperiodandthefollwinginterglacialperiod.Withinthepresentinterglacialperiodithasmorethandoubledinjustthepast300yearsandisrisingrapidly.Althoughtheconcentrationofatmosphericmethaneismorethantwoordersofmagnitudelowerthanthatofcarbondioxide,itcannotbeignored:theradiativepropertiesofmethanemakeit20timesmoreeffective,moleculeformolecule,thancarbondioxideinabsorbingradiantheat.Onthebasisofasimulationmodelthatclimatologicalresearchershavedeveloped,methaneappearstohavebeenabout25percentasimportantascarbondioxideinthewarmingthattookplaceduringthemostrecentglacialretreat8,000to10,000yearsago.

50.Thepassageprovidesinformationtosupportwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmethane?

51.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherelationshipbetweencarbondioxideandglobaltemperature?

52.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatalong-termdecreaseintheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmospherewould______.

53.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhenthemethaneconcentrationintheEarth’satmospheredecreases,whichofthefollowingalsohappens?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Methaneismoreeffectivethancarbondioxideinabsorbingradiantheat.

B.Thelessthemethaneconcentration,themorethecloudsformedintheEarth’satmosphere.

C.ThehighertheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphere;thelowertheconcentrationofmethane.

D.Mostoftheglobalwarmingthathasoccurredduringthepast10yearshasbeenassociatedwithincreasedmethaneconcentration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Carbondioxidelevelschangeimmediatelyinresponsetochangesintemperature.

B.Carbondioxidelevelscorrelatewithglobaltemperatureduringcoolingperiodsonly.

C.Oncecarbondioxidelevelsincrease,theyremainhighregardlessofchangesinglobaltemperature.

D.Duringcoolingperiods,carbondioxidelevelsinitiallyremainhighandthendecline.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasemethaneconcentrationintheEarth’satmosphere

B.accompanyaperiodofglaciation

C.encouragetheformationofmoreoxygenisotopesintheEarth’satmosphere

D.promotetheformationofmorewaterintheEarth’sglobalenvironment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Glaciersmeltfaster.

B.Theconcentrationofcarbondioxideincreases.

C.Theglobaltemperaturedecreases.

D.Carbondioxideabsorbsmoreradiantheat.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“這篇文章提供了信息來(lái)支持下面關(guān)于甲烷的哪個(gè)陳述？”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句Althoughtheconcentrationofatmosphericmethaneismorethantwoordersofmagnitudelowerthanthatofcarbondioxide,itcannotbeignored:theradiativepropertiesofmethanemakeit20timesmoreeffective,moleculeformolecule,thancarbondioxideinabsorbingradiantheat.（盡管大氣中甲烷濃度的數(shù)量級(jí)，比二氧化碳低兩個(gè)量級(jí)還多，但不能忽略：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)分子比較來(lái)看，甲烷的輻射特性，導(dǎo)致它吸收輻射熱的效率是二氧化碳的20倍。）可知，A項(xiàng)“甲烷在吸收輻射熱方面比二氧化碳更有效”正確；B項(xiàng)“甲烷濃度越少，地球大氣中形成的云就越多”、C項(xiàng)“地球大氣中二氧化碳的濃度越高，甲烷的濃度越低”和D項(xiàng)“過(guò)去10年發(fā)生的大部分全球變暖都與甲烷濃度增加有關(guān)”都沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下面哪個(gè)陳述最好地描述了二氧化碳和全球溫度之間的關(guān)系？”。根據(jù)文中的DatafromtheVostokcorealsoindicatethattheamountofCarbondioxidehasfluctuatedwithtemperatureoverthesameperiod:thehigherthetemperature,thehighertheconcentrationofcarbondioxideandthelowerthetemperature,thelowertheconcentration.Althoughchangeincarbondioxidecontentcloselyfollowschangeintemperatureduringperiodsofdeglaciation,itapparentlylagsbehindtemperatureduringperiodsofcooling.（Vostok巖心的數(shù)據(jù)還表明，同一時(shí)期二氧化碳的含量隨溫度波動(dòng)：溫度越高，二氧化碳濃度越高，溫度越低，二氧化碳濃度越低。盡管二氧化碳含量的變化緊跟在冰川消退時(shí)期的溫度變化之后，但在冷卻時(shí)期，二氧化碳含量的變化明顯滯后于溫度。）可知，在冷卻期間，二氧化碳的水平先是保持之前的高水平，隨后下降，D項(xiàng)“在冷卻期間，二氧化碳水平最初保持在高位，然后下降”正確；A項(xiàng)“二氧化碳水平會(huì)隨著溫度的變化而立即變化”錯(cuò)誤，在冷卻時(shí)期二氧化碳水平明顯滯后于溫度；B項(xiàng)“只有在冷卻期間，二氧化碳水平才與全球溫度相關(guān)”和C項(xiàng)“一旦二氧化碳水平增加，無(wú)論全球溫度如何變化，它們都保持高水平”均不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中可以推斷出，地球大氣中二氧化碳濃度的長(zhǎng)期下降將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)Althoughchangeincarbondioxidecontentcloselyfollowschangeintemperatureduringperiodsofdeglaciation,itapparentlylagsbehindtemperatureduringperiodsofcooling.（盡管二氧化碳含量的變化緊跟在冰川消退時(shí)期的溫度變化之后，但在冷卻時(shí)期，二氧化碳含量的變化明顯滯后于溫度。）來(lái)推斷，在冰消時(shí)期，二氧化碳的含量變化是緊跟冰消時(shí)期的溫度變化而變化，冰消時(shí)期溫度是升高的，所以二氧化碳含量會(huì)增高；而在冷卻時(shí)期，即冰川時(shí)期，溫度下降二氧化碳含量也會(huì)下降，只是滯后于溫度的變化；由此可以推斷，如果二氧化碳的含量長(zhǎng)期下降，溫度肯定是比二氧化碳的含量下降的更明顯，所以將會(huì)伴隨著冰川時(shí)期，故B項(xiàng)“伴隨冰川時(shí)期”正確；根據(jù)最后一句methaneappearstohavebeenabout25percentasimportantascarbondioxideinthewarmingthattookplaceduringthemostrecentglacialretreat8,000to10,000yearsago.（在8000到10000年前的最近一次冰川消退中，甲烷大約提供了相當(dāng)于二氧化碳25%的貢獻(xiàn)。）可知，甲烷和二氧化碳一樣，二氧化碳濃度的長(zhǎng)期下降，甲烷可能也會(huì)下降，A項(xiàng)“增加地球大氣中的甲烷濃度”錯(cuò)誤；文中并沒(méi)有闡述氧同位素和溫度的關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)地球大氣中更多氧同位素的形成”錯(cuò)誤；文中沒(méi)有提到二氧化碳的含量和水有直接關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)地球環(huán)境中更多水的形成”不選。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章指出，當(dāng)?shù)厍虼髿庵械募淄闈舛冉档蜁r(shí)，下列哪一種情況也會(huì)發(fā)生？”。根據(jù)文中的OtherdatafromtheVostokcoreshowthatmethanegasalsocorrelatescloselywithtemperatureandcarbondioxide.（Vostok核的其他數(shù)據(jù)顯示，甲烷氣體也與溫度和二氧化碳密切相關(guān)。），以及最后一句methaneappearstohavebeenabout25percentasimportantascarbondioxideinthewarmingthattookplaceduringthemostrecentglacialretreat8,000to10,000yearsago.（在8000到10000年前的最近一次冰川消退中，甲烷大約提供了相當(dāng)于二氧化碳25%的貢獻(xiàn)。）可推斷，當(dāng)大氣中甲烷濃度降低時(shí)，二氧化碳含量可能同樣的下降了，那么可能會(huì)伴隨冰川時(shí)期，所以溫度會(huì)下降，C項(xiàng)“全球氣溫下降”正確；由此也知A項(xiàng)“冰川融化得更快”和B項(xiàng)“二氧化碳濃度增加”錯(cuò)誤；二氧化碳吸收輻射熱的多少和甲烷濃度沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)“二氧化碳吸收更多的輻射熱”不選。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解。“學(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時(shí)，這種變化常能持久?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。

9.單選題

Byprovidinglegalrepresentation,theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionworkstodefendcitizensagainstbreachesoftheircivilrights.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.branches

B.exercises

C.performance

D.violations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。breach表示“違反，缺口”；A項(xiàng)branch“樹(shù)枝”，B項(xiàng)exercise“運(yùn)動(dòng)，練習(xí)”，C項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)，性能”，D項(xiàng)violation“違反，妨礙”。句意：通過(guò)提供法律代理，美國(guó)公民自由聯(lián)盟致力于保護(hù)公民的公民權(quán)利不受侵犯。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

10.單選題

ClintondeniedthemoreseriousallegationsthathehadliedunderoathabouttherelationshipandhadentreatedLewinskytodothesame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleaded

B.flattered

C.deceived

D.scared

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pleaded乞求，懇求B.flattered奉承，討好

C.deceived欺騙，蒙騙D.scared驚嚇，使害怕

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】entreated的意思為“懇求，乞求”，指的是克林頓懇求萊溫斯基同他一起在兩人的關(guān)系上撒謊，pleaded與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】克林頓否認(rèn)了更嚴(yán)重的指控，即他在宣誓后就兩人的關(guān)系撒了謊，并懇求萊溫斯基也這樣做。

11.單選題

Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies—andothercreatures—learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”；andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords，ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort，nototherwise.

Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproducere-sultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements，suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponseinsituationwherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights一andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.

Papousek’slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadethein-terestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem，inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich（）.

2.Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy（）.

3.InPapousek’sexperimentbabiesmadelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto（）

4.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause.（）.

5.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflec-tionof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure

B.willmeettheirphysicalneeds

C.willbringthemafeelingofsuccess

D.willsatisfytheircuriosity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wouldmakelearnedresponsewhenitsawthemilk

B.wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink

C.wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilk

D.wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havethelightsturnedon

B.berewardedwithmilk

C.pleasetheirparents

D.bepraised

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic“drives”

B.thesightofthelightswasinteresting

C.theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelights

D.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld

B.thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds

C.theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblem

D.afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第二段指出：Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.嬰兒學(xué)會(huì)做某些動(dòng)作，是因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)作在周圍世界能產(chǎn)生成功結(jié)果，除此之外，并無(wú)其他獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒能學(xué)會(huì)做那些會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)成功的感覺(jué)的事情，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Papousek,studies”定位至第三段：Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure（有足夠牛奶喝的嬰兒盡管會(huì)拒絕牛奶，但仍會(huì)愉快地繼續(xù)做學(xué)會(huì)的動(dòng)作）。因此，沒(méi)有得到牛奶的嬰兒會(huì)繼續(xù)做簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段：Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights（普塞克很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果他們的動(dòng)作能“打開(kāi)”燈，四個(gè)月大的嬰兒也能學(xué)會(huì)左右轉(zhuǎn)頭）。因此，讓嬰兒轉(zhuǎn)頭是為了把燈打開(kāi)，A項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)題干“smileandbubble”定位至第四段：theywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthat...bringitunderintentionalcontrol（當(dāng)打開(kāi)光源時(shí)，嬰兒們盡管會(huì)“咯咯笑著吐泡泡”，但他們有時(shí)不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭來(lái)緊盯燈光。普塞克推斷，讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因，并不是燈光，而是解決問(wèn)題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感，是人類具有認(rèn)識(shí)世界和有意識(shí)控制世界的基本欲望）。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒會(huì)笑是因?yàn)樗麄兂晒Φ卮蜷_(kāi)了燈，D項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)題干定位至第四段：Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol（普塞克推斷，讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因，不是燈光，而是解決問(wèn)題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感，是人類具有認(rèn)識(shí)世界和有意識(shí)控制世界的基本欲望）。據(jù)此可知，嬰兒從成功完成某件事中獲得的樂(lè)趣反映了人類想要了解和控制世界的基本欲望。

12.單選題

I’dratheryou（

）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我寧愿你目前什么也不要做。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。Wouldrather后面接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選B。

13.單選題

Determiningthemineralcontentofsoilsamplesisanexactingprocess,（）expertsmustperformdetailedteststoanalyzesoilspecimens.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothat

B.however

C.afterwards

D.therefore

【答案】D/r/