書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昭通學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingto

situations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。retain“保持”；gain“獲得”，指通過努力獲得自己想要的東西；achieve“收獲，獲得”，指憑借長(zhǎng)期的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)；acquire“獲得”，指通過努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。通過分析，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由第二句“他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王”可知，之前的國(guó)王被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)殺害了，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，再結(jié)合bebelievedto“被認(rèn)為……”可知D項(xiàng)正確。句意：他們認(rèn)為之前的國(guó)王已經(jīng)被殺害了，他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王。

3.單選題

I______atthematurityofsuchayoungchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surprised

B.marveled

C.shocked

D.moved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surprised“使感到意外”；B選項(xiàng)marveled“大為贊嘆”；C選項(xiàng)shocked“驚愕；休克”；D選項(xiàng)moved“使感動(dòng)”。句意：我對(duì)這樣一個(gè)孩子的成熟感到______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指沒想到這么小的小孩子竟然這么成熟，帶著褒獎(jiǎng)的意味，所以marveled“大為贊嘆”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講太多公司在沒有了解國(guó)外的語(yǔ)言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷，付出了昂貴的代價(jià)。也就是說文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)，這里是指犯了營(yíng)銷的錯(cuò)誤。所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是講：翻譯錯(cuò)誤是國(guó)際廣告中許多錯(cuò)誤的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是舉例說明，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容，一位美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場(chǎng)，但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是，在南美許多國(guó)家，“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容可知，為了防止不同國(guó)家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的方法，我們需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免開玩笑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.單選題

Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentionto（）detailsofanunearthedobject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.miserable

B.minus

C.minute

D.moist

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。C項(xiàng)minute（極小的，微小的）與句中details(細(xì)節(jié))搭配合理。

6.翻譯題

直到不久前，韓國(guó)以外還很少有人知道“江南”這個(gè)位于首爾東南部的一個(gè)上流社區(qū)，這里的居民數(shù)量約占首爾人口總數(shù)的5%。然后，樸載相橫空出世。更具體地說，應(yīng)該是這位韓國(guó)流行歌手的單曲《江南Style》橫空出世。這首歌今年夏季在YouTube上紅透半邊天。整個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是模仿它的視頻，從澳大利亞到秘魯都有以《江南Style》為主題的快閃活動(dòng)；喝著燒酒簽下美國(guó)唱片合約，占據(jù)美國(guó)電視黃金時(shí)段；甚至還有人深入分析騎馬舞。但對(duì)于很多人來說，那個(gè)老問題仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么樣的？江南區(qū)不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小眾的精品時(shí)裝店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街區(qū)。在這里你會(huì)找到前衛(wèi)的國(guó)際品牌概念商店，還有本土?xí)r裝大牌。這里的商店都價(jià)格不菲，但要像樸載相所說的那樣“穿得優(yōu)雅、舞得奔放”，就得花這個(gè)代價(jià)。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首爾江南區(qū)修道山上，是韓國(guó)歷史最悠久的寺廟之一。盡管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超過了佛教，但在16世紀(jì)中葉，在普雨(Bowoo)大禪師的指導(dǎo)下，奉恩寺作為韓國(guó)主要的禪宗佛教中心開始興旺起來。如果你想獲得一些點(diǎn)化，可以參加一個(gè)為期兩天的住寺活動(dòng)，主要是一些修身養(yǎng)性的活動(dòng)，比如齋飯、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

7.單選題

Whenabookgoesintotranslation,allthoselinguistic________getlost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subtleties

B.manipulations

C.suppositions

D.complications

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.subtleties微妙之處B.manipulations操縱，操作

C.suppositions推斷，推測(cè)D.complications復(fù)雜因素

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“getlost（丟失）”構(gòu)成主謂邏輯，說明語(yǔ)言上的什么東西消失了。由前半句“Whenabookgoesintotranslation（當(dāng)一本書被翻譯時(shí)）”可知，翻譯是將一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種語(yǔ)言，所以在這個(gè)過程中會(huì)有一些語(yǔ)言上的精妙之處丟失。subtlety指細(xì)微但重要的地方，因此A選項(xiàng)subtleties“微妙之處”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)manipulations“操縱，操作”指對(duì)某事物的控制或熟練地使用某物，不能和“l(fā)inguistic（語(yǔ)言學(xué)）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)suppositions“推斷，推測(cè)”指沒有證據(jù)的、推測(cè)出的想法，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)complications“復(fù)雜因素”指難以理解、解釋或處理的事物，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】當(dāng)一本書被翻譯時(shí)，所有那些語(yǔ)言上的微妙之處都丟失了。

8.單選題

Peopletendtobemoreaggressivewhenthey’reyoungandmore____astheygetolder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.progressive

B.permissive

C.conservative

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.progressive進(jìn)步的；先進(jìn)的B.permissive放任的；縱容的

C.conservative保守的D.intensive加強(qiáng)的；集中的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中，young“年輕的”和older“年老的”形成對(duì)比，因此空格處的形容詞與aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的”作對(duì)比，因此選C.conservative保守的，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】人們年輕的時(shí)候往往激進(jìn)，年老時(shí)則傾向于保守。

9.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（）,set-tinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。harmony和諧；grace優(yōu)雅，慈悲；rhythm韻律，節(jié)奏；relief寬慰，免除。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會(huì)和平（）地生活在一起，樹立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。inharmony意為“和諧地”，因此正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as+其它。這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演變成下列兩類：①倍數(shù)+as+many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；②倍數(shù)+as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我預(yù)料的人數(shù)的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（這個(gè)杯子里的咖啡是那個(gè)杯子里的五倍。），這個(gè)句子前半句說馬特賺得比他哥哥多，肯定是錢money賺得多，而money是不可數(shù)，所以不能用many，排除B選項(xiàng)。沒有C，D選項(xiàng)的用法。句意：去年馬特比他哥哥賺得多兩倍，而他哥哥的職位比他高。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Malelionsremainalooffromtheday-to-dayactivitiesoftheirfamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upwindof

B.exhaustedfrom

C.separatefrom

D.boredwith

【答案】C

【解析】alooffrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”。upwindof逆風(fēng)地；exhaustedfrom筋疲力盡的；separatefrom分離；boredwith對(duì)……厭倦。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，符合原句語(yǔ)境。

12.單選題

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”,wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Thenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercolumns______.

2.Nowadaysademandforthisspecializedtypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause______.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould______.

4.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter______.

5.Thecurriculumvitaehasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailable

B.promisestoofferusefuladvicetothoselookingforemployment

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersofthepeopleavailableforwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytopleveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somethingthatwoulddistinguishonefromotherapplicants

B.hintedinformationaboutthepersonalityoftheapplicant

C.one’sadvantagesoverothersinapplyingforthejob

D.anoccasionaltrickwiththeaggressiveapproach

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees

C.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays

D.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.（它的作用是在求職時(shí)提供幫助。）”由此可知這種新型廣告主要是給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“承諾給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“給求職者提供工作機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“將現(xiàn)有的工作分為不同類型”；D選項(xiàng)“通知雇主可以工作的人”都與文章事實(shí)不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.當(dāng)然，這種專門服務(wù)的增長(zhǎng)和明顯的成功反映了目前的高失業(yè)率。這也表明了簡(jiǎn)歷（或工作經(jīng)歷）越來越重要，因?yàn)樗旧砭涂梢苑Q得上是一種藝術(shù)形式”。由此可知對(duì)這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多是因?yàn)槭I(yè)人數(shù)的原因，所以C選項(xiàng)“有很多人失業(yè)”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)工作者缺少工作機(jī)會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)“頂級(jí)工作數(shù)量增多”與文章事實(shí)不符；D選項(xiàng)“工作經(jīng)歷被認(rèn)為是一件藝術(shù)品”文章雖然有提到，但不是這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.‘Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams’,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.”（曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，求職者只寫求職信?！罢?qǐng)寫下您的姓名、地址、年齡和是否通過了考試”，這是我離開學(xué)校時(shí)給申請(qǐng)第一份工作的年輕人提供的平均建議。他們解釋說，這封信實(shí)際上只是開個(gè)玩笑，其他一切都可以而且應(yīng)該留到面試時(shí)再寫）。由此可知在過去求職者會(huì)在求職信上面寫下詳細(xì)信息直到他們獲得面試，所以D選項(xiàng)“保留任何詳細(xì)的信息直到他們獲得面試”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“寫一封說明他們生活歷史的信件”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)工作之前通過一些考試”文章只提到在求職信上寫上自己是否通過了考試，并沒有提到求職者必須通過考試，故不選；C選項(xiàng)“除了能讀和寫之外沒有別的資格”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.在那些充分就業(yè)的日子里，這種方法是有效的。這封信證明你能寫，也能去工作。你急切的表情和機(jī)智的回答將會(huì)完成面試的剩下部分。由此只會(huì)讀和寫并不能幫助你獲得工作，面試中的表現(xiàn)也很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.（之后，當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)更重要的工作時(shí)，就需要一些其他更稍微復(fù)雜些的能力。當(dāng)時(shí)的建議是在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西。這可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“能讓你從其他申請(qǐng)者中脫穎而出的東西”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于申請(qǐng)人性格的暗示信息”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)工作方面比別人有優(yōu)勢(shì)”為本題干擾項(xiàng)，文中只提到建議在簡(jiǎn)歷中寫一些和別人不一樣的地方，可以是很多方面，而不僅僅局限于工作方面，所以本題不選C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“用侵略性方法偶爾耍花招”，文章只提到在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西這一舉措可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建議求職者在求職過程中用侵略性方法偶爾?；ㄕ?。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.（但是，毫無疑問，在申請(qǐng)工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加，使得簡(jiǎn)歷更加重要。）”由此可知簡(jiǎn)歷變得越來越重要的原因是因?yàn)楦邔W(xué)歷申請(qǐng)人數(shù)量的增加，所以B選項(xiàng)“有學(xué)位的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)量有所增加”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“招聘廣告的數(shù)量有所增加”；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的工作變得越來越復(fù)雜”；D選項(xiàng)“其他的申請(qǐng)工作的過程更加復(fù)雜”都與文章事實(shí)不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。本句中的that就相當(dāng)于so,意為“如此”,修飾副詞far。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。such后面要接名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。as的語(yǔ)義不符。

14.單選題

Thismedicinewill（）thepaininthestomach.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascertain

B.agitate

C.alleviate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ascertain“確定，查明”，B項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)，騷動(dòng)”，C項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”，D項(xiàng)allocate“分配”。句意：這種藥會(huì)減輕胃痛。根據(jù)句意，該題選C正確。

15.翻譯題

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的農(nóng)業(yè)用途的農(nóng)村土地使用形式與提高農(nóng)作物或者動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量有關(guān)。原始農(nóng)業(yè)涉及的僅僅是自然植被的臨時(shí)遷移，還有短時(shí)間內(nèi)依靠自然土壤的肥力，與之不同的是，今天的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用大量的化學(xué)品，能源還有技術(shù)技能，從而農(nóng)作物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量得到很大的提高。技術(shù)先進(jìn)國(guó)家食物產(chǎn)量的增長(zhǎng)往往比人口增長(zhǎng)快，并有可能讓之前的農(nóng)田荒廢，根據(jù)需求生產(chǎn)作物，避免其索取接近最高產(chǎn)量。所謂的綠色革命一直立足于向世界欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播這種耕作方式。通過播種適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的高產(chǎn)作物可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。決定使用某個(gè)地方來種植高產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物后，基本排除了將這個(gè)地方做其他用途。農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的集約化農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有副作用；之前已經(jīng)提到過，這些可能包括其他地區(qū)的污染比如農(nóng)藥、除草劑或者從其他農(nóng)田風(fēng)刮過來或者沖過來的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品，這些都會(huì)影響到其他地方的植被和動(dòng)物。然而，將一個(gè)地區(qū)專項(xiàng)集約化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并不排除將來將其恢復(fù)用于其他用途。只要土壤被保護(hù)得好，這些地區(qū)能夠很快被轉(zhuǎn)換到其他目的，其他是沒有必要再讓它們用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。例如，美國(guó)南部的棄耕地，現(xiàn)在是高生產(chǎn)力的森林地區(qū)，其他前耕作土地正在用來支持野生動(dòng)物和戶外休閑。對(duì)自然資源的保護(hù)，針對(duì)最適合耕種的區(qū)域的集約化利用和高產(chǎn)量的總體規(guī)劃當(dāng)然應(yīng)該避免這些活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。這種集中通過利用邊際農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中使用不足的土地可以免除對(duì)其他資源的破壞。

16.單選題

Afewminutesago,walkingbackfromlunch,IstartedtocrossthestreetwhenIheardthesoundofacoindropping.Itwasn’tmuchbutasIturned,myeyescaughttheheadsofseveralotherpeopleturningtoo.Awomanhaddroppedwhatappearedtobeadime.

Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter.Itcanbenothingmorethanapenny.Whateverthecoinis,nooneignoresthesoundofit.Itgotmethinkingaboutsoundsagain.

Wearebesiegedbysomanysoundsthatattractthemostattention.PeopleinNewYorkCity,seldomturntolookwhenafireengine,apolicecaroranambulancecomesscreamingalongthestreet.WhenIaminNewYork,I’maNewYorker.Idon’tturneither.Likethenatives,Ihardlyhearasirenthere.AthomeinmylittletowninConnecticut.It’sdifferent.Thedistantwailofapolicecar,andemergencyvehicleorafiresirenbringsmetomyfeetifI’mseatedandbringsmetothewindowifI’minbed.It’sthequietestsoundsthathavemosteffectonus,nottheloudest.Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors.I’vebeenhearinglittlecreakingnoiseandsoundswhichimaginationturnsintofootstepsinthemiddleofthenightfortwenty-fiveyearsinourhouse.HowcomeIneverhearthosesoundsinthedaytime?I’mquiteclearinmymindwhatthegoodsoundsareandwhatthebadsoundsare.

I’veturnedagainstwhistling,forinstance.IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises.

Thetapping,tapping,tappingofmytypewriterasthekeyshitthepaperisalovelysoundtome.IoftenlikethesoundorwhatIwritebetterthanthelooksofit.

1.Thesoundofacoindroppingmakespeople（），

2.PeopleinNewYork（）.

3.Howdoestheauthorrelatetosoundsatnight?

4.Hedislikeswhistlingbecause（

）.

5.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutsoundsingeneral?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thinkofmoney

B.lookateachother

C.payattentiontoit

D.stopcrossingthestreet

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.don’tcareaboutemergencies

B.areusedtosirens

C.areattractedbysounds

D.don’thearloudnoises

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heimaginessoundsthatdonotexist.

B.Heexaggeratesquietsounds.

C.Hethinkstapsshouldbeturnedoff.

D.Hebelievesit’sratherquietatnight.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heistiredofit

B.heusedtobehappier

C.itremindshimoftensepeople

D.hedoesn’tlikeworkers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theymakehimfeelathome.

B.Hethinkstheyshouldbeignored.

C.Hebelievestheyarepartofourlives.

D.Hepreferssilencetoloudnoises.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第二段第一句Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter可知硬幣落地的聲音會(huì)吸引人們的注意力，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:文章第三段第二句和第三句話可知生活在紐約的人已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了像警車、救護(hù)車這類型的聲音，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段提到Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors，在安靜的午夜，他甚至能夠聽到一百碼以外并且還隔了三層門的水管滴水的聲音。當(dāng)然這是一種夸張的說法，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:文章倒數(shù)第二段提到IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises，whistling會(huì)讓他想起工作緊張的工人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第5題:文章中提到了生活中的各種聲音，比如警車的聲音、救護(hù)車的聲音、水管滴水的聲音、口哨聲、打字機(jī)打字的聲音等等，都說明聲音就是我們生活中的一部分，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prominence“突出，顯著”；obscurity“朦朧，晦澀，身份低微”；significance“意義，重要性”；originality“創(chuàng)意，創(chuàng)造力”。句意：18世紀(jì)，律師從默默無聞一躍成為商業(yè)殖民地的重要成員。此處需要注意題干中的“from...to...”，說明有轉(zhuǎn)變，to后面是“重要成員”，而能體現(xiàn)這一轉(zhuǎn)變的選項(xiàng)為Bobscurity。

18.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive;thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?Lotsof