［2022年秋期版］1378國開電大本科《管理英語3》期末紙質(zhì)考試第三火成同垓既希題庫說明：更新至2022年7月試題，適用于2023年1月期末紙質(zhì)考試考試。［短文首字母音序A］Aquestionthatoftentroublesfoodcompaniesishowtocontrolproblemslikeratsandinsectswithoutharmingthefood.Pestcontrolexpertssaypoisonsshouldneverbeusedwheretheymayenterfood.Theysaythefirstlineofdefenseagainstpestsistocleantheplaceswherethefoodishandledorstored.Floors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolscanbedisinfectedwithchemicalslikechlorine,iodineorbromine.Foodcontainersshouldbestoredabouthalfameteroffthegroundandabouthalfameterawayfromanywalls.Storageareasshouldbekeptdryandclean.Containersforrawmaterialssuchasrice,wheat,etc.shouldbekeptclosedandclean.Anyfoodstuffsplitduringdeliveryorhandlingshouldbeclearedupbothinsideandoutsidethebuilding.Pestsenterabuildingfromtheoutside.sopayattentiontoouterwalls.Smallstonescanbeusedtocoverthegroundandblockthegrowthofplantsandthegrassshouldbekeptshorttodenypestsaplacetolive.Checkthatdoorsandwindowsarecompletelyclosed.Alsoanyholethatmightallowpeststoenterabuildingshouldbefilled.Ratscanenterthroughaholethesizeofacoin.Amousecanpassthroughaholehalfthatsize.Supervisorsshouldmakealistofpestcontrolmeasurestobetakenbyemployees-Thiswillaidtheeffortsandalsohelpprepareforanyinspections.Inmostcountries,thereisafoodanddrugadministrationbureau,orsomeagencywithasimilarname,whichenforcesrulesnationwide,responsibleforrulesabouttheuseofpesticides,etc.However.businesseswherefoodisstored,preparedorsoldmustalsofollowstateandlocalhealthlaws.Mostofthesegovernmentaldepartmentsorbureaushavetheirwebsiteswithinformationaboutfoodsafetypoliciesandotherissues.Peoplecaneasilyaccesstheinformation.1.Accordingtopestcontrolexperts,whyshouldpoisonsneverbeusedinfoodcompanies?Becausetheymayenterfood.Becausetheymaykillrats.Becausetheymaybeharmfultotheplants.［答案］AWhatisthefirstlineofdefenseagainstpests?Tocheckthatdoorsandwindowsarecompletelyclosed-Tocleantheplaceswherefoodishandledorstored.Tofillanyholethatmightallowpeststoenterabuilding.［答案］BHowcanfloors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolsbedisinfected?Withsmoke.Withwater.Withchemicals.［答案］cWhyshouldattentionbepaidtoouterwalls?Topreventpestsfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.Tokeepmoistfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.Tostopsunraysfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.［答案］A5-Whatdosethepassagemainlytalkabout?Whypoisonsshouldneverbeusedwheretheymayenterfood.Whythegrowthofplantsshouldbeblockedandgrassbekeptshort.Howtocontrolratsandinsectswithoutharmingthefood.［答案］c［短文首字母音序DJDoor-knockingisthemosteffectivewayofmakingface-to-facecommunitycontact,butithasbecomealostart.Withtherecentfocusoncustomerprivacy,door-knockingseemslikeanintrusionintootherpeople'slives.Butthosewhotryitfbrthefirsttimeareusuallysurprisedbythepleasantreceptiontheyreceive.Herearesomesuggestionsthatwillhelpyoupromoteyourservicesface-to-face.BEFOREYOUGOOUTBEGINWITHADOORHANGERTryleavingadoorhangertwodaysbeforeyougodoor-knocking.Itshouldbrieflydescribetheprojectandsaythatsomeonewillbearoundinperson.?WEARANOFFICIALNAMETAGDoor-knockersshouldwearnametagswiththelogooftheirorganization.Thebestnametagswillalsoincludeacolorphotoandthenameofthecaller.?HAVEPEOPLEKNOCKTHEIROWNBLOCKSTheeasiestwaytododoor-knockingistotryyourlocalareafirstBeinganeighborcreatesanimmediateconnectionwiththepersonansweringthedoor;afterthat,everythingelseiseasy.?FINDAGOODEXCUSETODOOR-KNOCKAshortsurveyaboutlocalconcernsoracurrentprojectisagoodexcuse.Figureoutresponsesforvarioussituations.WhatifthepersonwhoanswersthedoorcannotspeakEnglish?Whatifachildanswersthedoor?WHENYOUGOOUT?WHENTOGOANDWHATTODOFIRSTThebesttimestoknockareusuallySaturdays.Onotherdays,afterdinnerisideal.Whensomeoneanswersthedoor,smileandintroduceyourself;sayyouareavolunteerand,ifithelps,statewhereyoulive.Givethenameofyourorganizationand,briefly,thereasonfbrthevisit.STATEWHATACTIONTHEOTHERPERSONSHOULDTAKEANDTHEBENEFITSTellthepersonwhattheyneedtodoandhowtheiractionswillbenefitthemselvesandothers.Ifapersonhesitates,emphasizebenefitsyou'vealreadymentionedandthenjfnecessary,addfurtherbenefitsJfapersonagrees,followupimmediatelyJfpossible,getadonation,asignature,orapromise.?RECORDCONTACTINFORMATIONONTHESPOTRecordnames,addresses,e-mailaddresses,phonenumbers,andresponsestoquestionsonthespot.Youwon'trememberthemlater!Whydoestheauthorsaythatdoor-knockinghasbecomealostart?Itisnoteffective,noonewilltakethismethodanymore.Peoplefocusonprivacyincreasingly,sodoor-knockingseemslikeanintrusionintootherpeople'slivesItisverydifficulttododoor-knocking,nooneknowshowtodoitnow.［答案］BWhichstepshouldbefirstlytakenwhenyoutrydoor-knocking?Findagoodexcusetodoor-knockWearanofficialnametagLeaveadoorhanger［答案］c3-Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseonthespotmean?withoutdelayatsomeplaceinadifficultsituation［答案］AWhichtimeisnotappropriatefordoorknocking?Saturdayafternoon.Mondaymorning.Thursdayevening.［答案］BWhowillreceivepleasantreceptionwhentheytrydoor-knocking?Astrangerwhoisnotlivinginthiscommunityandgivesnonoticeforhis/hervisit.Anoffensiveacquaintancewhocomesatanytime.Aneighborwhodoesgoodpreparationandhassignificantprojecttointroduce.［答案1C［短文首字母音序H］HumanResourcesManagement(HRM)istheprocessofmanagingpeopleandtheirrelationshipsinanorganization.Thesetwoprocessesareimportantinthesuccessandgrowthofabusiness.Inmanagingpeople,staffingisthemostimportantcomponentofHRMJtneedstomakeguidelinesandproceduresforhiringandplacement.Staffingalsoinvolvesthemanagementofemployeesonmatterslikemonitoringofholidays,absences,healthandsafety,disciplinaryaction.anddismissal.AnotherimportantelementofHRMinmanagingpeopleiskeepingtheemployeesinthecompany.Thetrainingofemployeestoenablethemtoimprovetheircareerdevelopmentisveryimportant.GoodHRMpoliciesensurethatthereareclearregulationswhichshowthepaylevelsforthedifferentpositionsinanorganization.ltisimportantforthestafftoknowthecareerpath,pay,trainingandotheropportunitiesthatareavailabletothem.PerformancemanagementisanotherimportantcomponentofHRM.Thereasonforthisisthatmanyemployersuseittoevaluatecareerimprovementandtodeterminepayincreases.ThesecondaryroleofHRMisthemanagementoftherelationshipsamongpeopleinanorganization.Thisincludesstaffwithindepartmentsaswellasacrossthewholeorganization.Therelationshipbetweenstaffandmanagementisanimportantfactorinthesuccessofanorganization.ltdecideshowfastanorganizationwillrealizetheirgoals.ThefocusofHRMisthepeoplewithinanorganization.Regularplanning,monitoringandevaluationareimportantforthesuccessofHRM.Successfulmanagementensuresthatallemployeesknowtheirrole,careerdevelopmentandalsofeelpartofanorganization.1- is/areimportantinthesuccessofabusiness.TeamworkspiritandhighsalaryTheprocessofmanagingpeopleandtheirrelationshipsTalentsandtheirgoals［落案］BThemostimportantcomponentofHRMis ?staffingplanningmonitoring［答案］AAccordingtothepassagejtisimportantfortheemployeestoknowthecareerpath,pay,trainingandotheropportunitiesthrough .noticespoliciesadvertisements［答案］BWecanuse toevaluatecareerimprovementandtodeterminepayincreases.staffingHRMpoliciesperformancemanagement［答案］cisNOTmentionedinthetextaboutthesuccessofHRM.RegularplanningandmonitoringEvaluationTraining［答案］c[短文首字母音序I]I'mMichaelBush,ManagingDirectorofHoogleEngineering.!ampleasedtowelcomeyouheretoourwebsiteandI'dliketotellyoualittleaboutthecompanyanditsorganization.HoogleEngineeringwassetupin1960Jtwasdividedintoseveraldepartmentsatthattime,suchasthesalesdepartment,marketingdepartment,andproductiondepartment.Lotsofmanagerswereemployedtomanageitall.Fortunatelythingsaredifferentnow.SixtypeopleareemployedbyHoogleandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsisconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantaspectsofthebusiness.Themarketisglobalsoweneedtomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide,notjustlocally.Butintheolddayswewereallindifferentdepartmentsandneverspoketoeachother.WehadatallstructureeTraditionallywehadpeopleatthefirstlevelontheshopfloor,manufacturingproductsaccordingtotheinstructionswhichtheyweregiven.Thenyouhadasupervisorylevelofpeoplewhosupervisedthemeveryday.Thenyoumoveduptothemiddlemanagement,whoweredoingthetasksofgettingnewbusiness,andthenyouhadtheseniormanagementteam,andthenyouhadtheboard,whodecidedthebusinessstrategy.Sotherewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddaysactually.Thestructuretodayisthatweformteamswithinteamstoplacepeoplewhocanmanufactureaproduct.Eachteamhasmembersthatcanmanufacturedifferentproducts>Theactualteamsnowareself-managing,sowedon'tevenhaveteamleaders.You^vegottheteams,andthenyou'vegottwopeople,onlytwopeople,whoarewhatyouthinkofasmanagement.Thisisgenerallycalledflatstructure.WhoistellingtheinformationaboutHoogleEngineering?ManagingDirector.Vicepresident.Accountant.［答案］AHowmanypeopleareemployedbyHoogleEngineering?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z50.40.60.［落案］CWhyisitnecessarytomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide?Becausethemarketisglobal.Becauseweneedit.Becausecommunicationcanmakepeoplehappy.［答案］AWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Intheolddaysthestaffindifferentdepartmentsneverspoketoeachother.Therewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddays.Thespeakerthinksthetwostructureshavethesamefunctions.［答案］cWhatkindoforganizationalstructurewasHoogleEngineering?Aflatstructure.Atallstructure.Aflatstructureandatallstructure.［答案］B［短文首字母音序I］I'mMichaelBush,ManagingDirectorofHoogleEngineering.!ampleasedtowelcomeyouheretoourwebsiteandI'dliketotellyoualittleaboutthecompanyanditsorganization.HoogleEngineeringwassetupin1960Jtwasdividedintoseveraldepartmentsatthattime,suchasthesalesdepartment,marketingdepartment,andproductiondepartment.Lotsofmanagerswereemployedtomanageitall.Fortunatelythingsaredifferentnow.SixtypeopleareemployedbyHoogleandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsisconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantaspectsofthebusiness.Themarketisglobalsoweneedtomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide,notjustlocally.Butintheolddayswewereallindifferentdepartmentsandneverspoketoeachother.Wehadatallstructure.Traditionallywehadpeopleatthefirstlevelontheshopfloor,manufacturingproductsaccordingtotheinstructionswhichtheyweregiven.Thenyouhadasupervisorylevelofpeoplewhosupervisedthemeveryday.Thenyoumoveduptothemiddlemanagement,whoweredoingthetasksofgettingnewbusiness,andthenyouhadtheseniormanagementteam,andthenyouhadtheboard,whodecidedthebusinessstrategy.Sotherewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddaysactually.Thestructuretodayisthatweformteamswithinteamstoplacepeoplewhocanmanufactureaproduct.Eachteamhasmembersthatcanmanufacturedifferentproducts.Theactualteamsnowareself-managing,sowedon'tevenhaveteamleaders.You'vegottheteams,andthenyou'vegottwopeople,onlytwopeople,whoarewhatyouthinkofasmanagement.Thisisgenerallycalledflatstructure.2LHoogleEngineeringwassetupin .thenineteenthcenturythetwentiethcenturythetwentyfirstcentury［答案］Bofmanagementinatallstructure.Therearemanydifferentofmanagementinatallstructure.kindslevelsfunctions［落案］BPeopleinaflatstructureusuallyworkin ■departmentsfamiliesteams［答案］cAUofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaccordingtothepassageEXCEPTthat ?communicationinthecompanyisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttheauthorthinksthetwostructureshavethesamefunctionstherearemoreindividualresponsibilitiesintheflatstructure［落案］BThebesttitleforthepassagewouldheaOrganizationStructureinHoogleEngineeringHistoryofHoogleEngineeringSuccessinHoogleengineering［答案］A［短文首字母音序O］Ofallthefamilymembers,grandparentsareprobablytheleastvalued.Theyarejustthepeoplewhohavealwaysbeenaround.Theymakeafussoverthechildreninthefamily,showofftotheirfriendstheachievementsofthischildorthatchild,andshowcountlesspicturesofnewbabies.Grandfatherscanfixanythingandgrandmothersalwayshavehomemadebiscuitsaround.Whenyouaresmall,itisfuntostaywithyourgrandparentsbecausetheyalwaysletyoudothingsyoucan'tdoathome,andofcourse,theybuyyouthings.Theyarealwaysabletobaby-sitbecausetheydon'tgooutmuchandactuallyprefertoseetheirgrandchildren.Theyareusuallygoodforasmallloannowandthenthatdoesnotneedtobepaidbackbecausetheyturneditintoagift.Yourespectfullylistentotheiradvicebutdonotfollowitbecausetheyareoldanddonotunderstandhowthingsareinthisdayandage.Youthankthempolitelyforwhattheydoforyou,andthendonotcallorvisitthemuntilyouneedsomethingelse.And,ofcourse,younevertellthemhowdeartheyaretoyoubecausetheyknowhowyoufeelaboutthemanyway.Thenallofasudden,theyarenolongertheretodothethingsthatonlygrandparentscando,andyoufindyourselfwishingthatyouhadtoldthemwhattheymeanttoyouaspeopleandnotasgrandparents.Whatisthepositionofgrandparentsinthefamily?Theyaretheleastimportantmembersofthefamily.Theyarethemostimportantmembersofthefamily.Theyaretheonesatwhomtheirchildrenorgrandchildrenusuallylaugh.［答案］AWhatdograndparentsneverdo?Lookingaftertheirgrandchildren.Buyingtheirgrandchildrenthings.C-Tellingtheirgrandchildrenhowdeartheyaretothem.［答案］cWhydon'tchildrenneedtopaybacktheloanfromtheirgrandparents?GrandparentsturntheloanintoagiftTheirparentspaybacktheloanforthem.Theirgrandparentsdiedbeforetheyhaveenoughmoneytopayitback.［答案］AWhydon'tchildrentaketheirgrandparents'advice?Theiradviceisnotofanyhelpinthepresentsituation.Theydon'tliketheadviceitself.C-Followingtheiradvicewillmakethemactlikeoldpeople.［答案］AHowdochildrenfeelaftertheirgrandparentsdied?Theyfeelsorrythatgrandparentsaretheleastvaluedinthefamily.Theymissthemverymuchbecausenoonedoesthethingsthatonlygrandparentsdo.Theyregrettheydidn'texpresstheirtruefeelingstothem.［答案］c[短文首字母音序O]OnChristmasEve-thenightbeforeChristmasDay-childrenalloverBritainputastockingattheendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.TheirparentsusuallytellthemthatFatherChristmaswillcomeduringthenight.FatherChristmasisverykindandhearted.Hegetstothetopofeachhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefireplace.HefillseachofthestockingswithChristmaspresents-Ofcourse,FatherChristmasisn'treal.InJimandKate'shouse/TatherChristmas'FsreallyMrGreen.MrGreendoesn'tclimbdownthechimney.Hewaitsuntilthechildrenareasleep.Thenhequietlygoesintotheirbedroomsandfillstheirstockingswithsmallpresents.Whentheywereveryyoung,MrGreensometimesworearedcoat.Buthedoesn'tdothatnow.Thechildrenarenolongeryoung,andtheyknowwho“FatherChristmas'5reallyis.Buttheystillputtheirstockingsattheendoftheirbeds.ChristmasEveis .ChristmasDaytheeveningofChristmasDaythenightbeforeChristmasDay［答案］cFatherChristmasoftenputspresents .intochildren'shatsunderchildren'sbedsintochildren'sstockings［答案］cWhenthechildrenwereveryyoung, .theyknewthatFatherChristmaswasn'trealtheydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmaswastheythoughttheirfatherwasFatherChristmas［答案］BWhenthechildrenareolder,they .knowthatFatherChristmasisreallytheirfatherasktheirmothertofilltheirstockingswithpresentsknowthatFatherChristmasisreal［答案］AFatherChristmascomesintothehousethroughthe .windowbackdoorC-chimney［答案］c［短文首字母音序Q］THEHISTORYOFQUALITYCONTROLQualitycontrolisaseriesofactivitiesthatensureandimprovethequalityofproductsandservice.Thetermqualitycontrol1cameintocommonuseinthe1950sbecauseofW.EdwardDeming.His'FourteenPoints1havebecomethebibleforqualitycontrolspecialists.Whenthepost-warworldreturnedtoregularmanufacturing,Demingsaidthatinspectingproductqualityaftertheyweremadewasunacceptable.Instead,heproposedaprocessknownas'statisticalqualitycontrolMtwouldusecloselymonitoredperformancemeasurestocontrolqualitywhileaproductwasbeingmade.Thegoalofstatisticalqualitycontrolwastogatherdatathatwouldallowfortheconstantimprovementofmanufacturingprocesses.Thiswouldinturnimprovequalitycontrol.AnotherimportantprincipleofDeming'sbeliefswasthatuppermanagementshouldberesponsibleforqualityfailures.Hestronglybelievedthatitwaspossiblefortheworkerstoworkhardtoproducethehighestqualityproductsiftheyweregiventherighttoolsandworkingenvironment.InDeming'sownwords/thebasiccauseofsicknessinAmericanindustryandtheresultingunemploymentisafailureoftopmanagementtomanage/Hebelievedthatstrongleadershipledtoamotivatedworkforce.Ifstrongleadershipisthetermformanagersinaqualityenvironment,thenempowermentisthekeyconceptforworkersinDeming'ssystem.Improvededucationandtrainingarekeyfactorsinreachingemployeesandmakingthembelievethattheirincreasedparticipationintheworkprocessisanessentialpartofimprovingquality.Involvement,participation,andteamworkareseenasabsolute'musthaves'ifaqualityworkplaceistobecreated.TheJapanesewerethefirsttouseDeming'sFourteenPoints,andmadegreatsuccess.Asanexample,oneJapanesefactorydoubledproductioninjustoneyearandwasexpectingtogainanadditional25percentimprovementthefollowingyear,withnoincreaseintheamountofworkinghours.AllthishappenedasaresultofsimplyimprovingqualityJtwasinthelate1970sthatAmericanmanufacturingfactoriesrealizedthatqualitycontrolwasasignificantissue.BythattimejapanesefirmssuchasHondaandSonyweretakingoverlargeportionsoftheAmericanconsumermarketwhileittookmostAmericanfirmsuntilthe1990stoputqualitycontrolpracticesinplace.1.AccordingtoW.EdwardDeming,whatisthebesttimetocontrolproductquality?Beforeaproductismade.Afteraproductismade.C-Duringtheproductionprocess.［答案］cWhentherearequalityfailures,wheredoesW.EdwardDemingthinktheblamelies?Intheworkforce.Intheuppermanagement.Inthetools.［落案］cWhichofthefollowingwillnothelptocreateaqualityworkplace?Workingalone.Groupparticipation.Trainingprograms.［答案］ADuringwhichperiodweresomeJapanesefirmswinningAmericanconsumermarketsoverAmericanfirms?1990s.2000s.1970s.［答案］cAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutqualitycontrolisNOTcorrect?Qualitycontrolcanleadtogreatsuccessforacompany.Qualitycontrolcanbedonewithinonedepartment.Qualitycontrolrequiresconstantimprovement.［答案］B[短文首字母音序T]The2014EbolaoutbreakisthelargestinhistoryandthefirstEbolaoutbreakinTestAfrica.Althoughthecurrentepidemicdoesnotcauseasignificantrisktoothernations,manycountriesjncludingChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,haveactuallybeenworkingcloselywiththeEbolahitstates.Forexample,theUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)istakingprecautionsathomebesidesitsactivitiesabroad.CDC'steamof“virushunters”issupportedbyspecializedpublichealthteamsbothinWestAfricaandattheCDCAtlantaheadquarters.Together,theyoffercontinuoussupporttosavelivesandprotectpeople.CDCworkscloselywithanumberofUSgovernmentagencies,nationalandinternationalpartners.CDC'sexperienceofworkingwithEbolaisimportanttotheWorldHealthOrganization'sgrowingWestAfricaEbolaresponse.OnSept.2,2014,CDCDirector,TomFriedencalledformoreinternationalpartnerstojointhiseffbrt/'ThesoonertheworldcomestogethertohelpWestAfrica,thesaferweallwillbe.Weknowhowtostopthisoutbreak.Thereisawindowofopportunitytodoso-thechallengeistoscaleupthemassiveresponseneededtostopthisoutbreak."CDC'sresponsetoEbolaisthelargestinternationaloutbreakresponseinCDC'shistorywithover100diseasespecialistsonthegroundinWestAfrica,supportedbyhundredsofpublichealthemergencyresponseexpertsstateside,activatedatLevelhitshighestlevel,becauseofthesignificanceofthisoutbreak.TheCDCsupportsaffectedcountriestoestablishEmergencyOperationsCentersatnationalandlocallevelsandhelpscountriestracktheepidemicincludingusingreal-timedatatoimprovereal-timeresponse.EffortsinWestAfricatoidentifythoseinfectedandtrackpeoplewhohavecomeintocontactwiththemareimproving.TheCDCisoperatingandsupportinglabsintheregiontoimprovediagnosisandtestingsamplesfrompeoplewithsuspectedEbolafromaroundtheworld.Localhealthcaresystemsarestrengthenedthroughcommunication,coordinationwithpartnersandtrainingoninfectioncontrolforhealthcareworkersandsafepatienttreatment.Howcouldwedescribethe2014Ebolaoutbreak?Thefirstoneinwesterncountries.ltdidnoteverthreatenWestAfrica.Notthefirstbutthelargeste.［答案］cThe2014Ebolaoutbreakresponsewas .anAmericanstatesideactivityaninternationalactivityaregionalactivity［答案］BWhatdoestheunderlinedword“massive”meaninParagraph3?Huge.Quick.UrgenL［答案］A29-HowmanydiseasespecialistsfromCDChavegonetoWestAfricafortheEbolaresponse?Lessthan100.Ahundred.lOrethan100.［落案］C30.WhatactiondoesCDCtaketorespondtothelargeEbolaoutbreak?Workcloselywithgovernmental,nationalandinternationalpartners-Callformorepartnerstojointhiseffort.EstablishEmergencyOperationsCenters.I答案］A［短文首字母音序T］THEHISTORYOFQUALITYCONTROLQualitycontrolisaseriesofactivitiesthatensureandimprovethequalityofproductsandservice.Theterm'qualitycontrol1cameintocommonuseinthe1950sbecauseofW.EdwardDeming.His'FourteenPoints'havebecomethebibleforqualitycontrolspecialists.Whenthepost-warworldreturnedtoregularmanufacturing,Demingsaidthatinspectingproductqualityaftertheyweremadewasunacceptable.Instead?heproposedaprocessknownas'statisticalqualitycontrol1.Itwouldusecloselymonitoredperformancemeasurestocontrolqualitywhileaproductwasbeingmade.Thegoalofstatisticalqualitycontrolwastogatherdatathatwouldallowfortheconstantimprovementofmanufacturingprocesses.ThiswouldinturnimprovequalitycontrolAnotherimportantprincipleofDeming'sbeliefswasthatuppermanagementshouldberesponsibleforqualityfailures-Hestronglybelievedthatitwaspossiblefortheworkerstoworkhardtoproducethehighestqualityproductsiftheyweregiventherighttoolsandworkingenvironment.InDeming'sownwords,rthebasiccauseofsicknessinAmericanindustryandtheresultingunemploymentisafailureoftopmanagementtomanage/Hebelievedthatstrongleadershipledtoamotivatedworkforce.Ifstrongleadershipisthetermformanagersinaqualityenvironment.thenempowermentisthekeyconceptforworkersinDeming'ssystem.Improvededucationandtrainingarekeyfactorsinreachingemployeesandmakingthembelievethattheirincreasedparticipationintheworkprocessisanessentialpartofimprovingquality.Involvement,participation,andteamworkareseenasabsolute'musthaves'ifaqualityworkplaceistobecreated.TheJapanesewerethefirsttouseDeming'sFourteenPoints,andmadegreatsuccess.Asanexample,oneJapanesefactorydoubledproductioninjustoneyearandwasexpectingtogainanadditional25percentimprovementthefollowingyear.withnoincreaseintheamountofworkinghours.Allthishappenedasaresultofsimplyimprovingquality.ltwasinthelate1970sthatAmericanmanufacturingfactoriesrealizedthatqualitycontrolwasasignificantissue.BythattimejapanesefirmssuchasHondaandSonyweretakingoverlargeportionsoftheAmericanconsumermarketwhileittookmostAmericanfirmsuntilthe1990stoputqualitycontrolpracticesinplace.1.AccordingtoW.EdwardDeming,whatisthebesttimetocontrolproductquality?Beforeaproductismade.Afteraproductismade.Duringtheproductionprocess.［答案］cWhentherearequalityfailures,wheredoesW.EdwardDemingthinktheblamelies?Intheworkforce.Intheuppermanagement.CJnthetools.［答案］cWhichofthefollowingwillnothelptocreateaqualityworkplace?Workingalone.Groupparticipation.Trainingprograms.［答案］ADuringwhichperiodweresomeJapanesefirmswinningAmericanconsumermarketsoverAmericanfirms?1990s.2000s.1970s.［答案］cAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutqualitycontrolisNOTcorrect?Qualitycontrolcanleadtogreatsuccessforacompany.BeQualitycontrolcanbeclonewithinonedepartment.Qualitycontrolrequiresconstantimprovement.［答案］B[短文首字母音序T]TheInternationalFoodSafetyAuthoritiesNetwork(INFOSAN)Withtherapidglobalizationoffoodproductionandtradejnternationalissuesrelatedtofoodsafetyarelikelytoincrease.Foodsafetyauthoritiesallovertheworldhaverealizedthatfoodsafetyproblemsshouldbecarriedoutatbothnationalandinternationallevels.Thereisapressingneedforexchangingroutineinformationonfoodsafetyissues,andsharingexperiencesandinformationquicklywhenafoodsafetyrelatedeventtakesplace.INFOSANisajointprogrambetweentheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)andtheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).Thisglobalnetworkincludes181MemberStates.EachhasadesignatedINFOSANEmergencyContactPointwhichmanagescommunicationbetweennationalfoodsafetyauthorities.Thenetworkaimsto:Promotetherapidexchang