書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東青年職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluencepolicyonuseofnuclearpower,conservingtheenvironmentandendangeredanimals,localandstatetaxes,theappropriateuseoffundsbyorganizationsofwhichtheyaremembers,properlanduseandthenatureofeducationinthepublicschools,andahostofotherissues.Someoftheseaffectthespeakers’immediateself-interest;othersareattemptstomakethesocialenvironmentconformmorecloselytotheirownideas.Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.

Eveninjobsrelyingontechnicalspecialization,theopportunitiesanddemandsforpublicspeakingskillsremainmorecommonthanmanycollegestudentsrealize.Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokespersonforconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethecompany.Thecertifiedpublicaccountantfindsanopportunitytoteachclassesinherareaofspeculation.Thedentisthastogivespeechesasanofficerofhisdentalassociation.

Sometimesyoumayhavetomakeaspeechaspartofyourdutiesinyourjobororganization.Perhapsmorefrequentlyyouwillhaveopportunitieswhereyouspeakvoluntarily,aswhenyouspeakoutinameeting.Someofthesespeakingsituationswillbeoflittleconsequence;youwillfeelbetterifyoudothespeechwell,butitwillnotreallymakemuchdifference.Inothersituations,thespeechmaybesignificantfortheaudience.Inthesesituations,itiscomfortingtoknowthatyoucandoatleastanadequatejob.Andyoumaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequately.Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment.

Somebeginning-speechstudentsaresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycangiveapublicspeechatall,muchlesstheskillfulandeffectiveonestheywillbeproducingbytheendofthecourse.Theprimarypurposesofaspeechcoursearetoexpandyourunderstandingoftechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking,andtogiveyousomepracticesothatyouwillbemoreconfidentandeffectiveinmoresituations.Withskillandconfidenceyoudevelopapowertobenefityourselfandthesocietyaroundyou.

1.Thetextintendstoshowyou（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,effectivespeakingabilitydoesbenefitpeoplealotexcepton（

）.

3.Youneedtospeakeffectivelyif（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthetextthat（

）.

5.Sometimesyouarenotcontentwhenyoufinishyourspeechbecauseyouknow（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofspeakingbeforethepublic

B.thetechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking

C.thepurposesandaimsofaspeechcourse

D.themostcivilizedwaystoexertourinfluences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalconservation

B.audienceawareness

C.technicalmaintenance

D.careerpromotion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.youareastudent

B.youareanengineer

C.youwanttostudywell

D.youwanttoinfluenceothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agoodspeakermayhavegreaterchanceinhiscareer

B.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

C.speakingatameetingisoftenpartofone’sduties

D.peopleoftenexercisetheirpowerbymakingspeeches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.yourspeechmakeslittledifferencetotheaudience

B.theaudience’sbetterunderstandingismoreessentialtoyou

C.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

D.thespeech-makingoccasionisnotimportantintheleast

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是在公眾面前講話的重要性，選項(xiàng)B，C，D是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不是本文主旨，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eveninjobsrelyingon...collegestudentsrealize.”即使是在依靠專業(yè)技能的工作中，對公眾演講技能的機(jī)會和需求也比許多大學(xué)生意識到的更為普遍。由此可以推斷，公眾演講對技能要求高，很難保持。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.”在這樣的問題上有效地發(fā)言，足以影響他人的意見和行動(dòng)，就是在行使權(quán)力。也就是說，如果你想影響別人，你的講話一定要有效。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees...”工程師發(fā)現(xiàn),如果他的職業(yè)生涯想要發(fā)展，他必須愿意承擔(dān)管理職責(zé)，包括向員工群體發(fā)表演講...由此可以推斷，一個(gè)好的演講者在他的職業(yè)生涯中可能有更大的機(jī)遇。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，你可能不僅僅只是滿足于完成（演講）任務(wù)，能夠增加聽眾的理解或說服他們是我們作為個(gè)體影響環(huán)境的最文明的方式之一。所有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

2.單選題

Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.

Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.

Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.

1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.totracetheoriginof“ology”

B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”

C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”

D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areindangerofbeingdestroyed

B.areverysmallinsize

C.referonlytotheentirebiosphere

D.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plants

B.animals

C.ecologists

D.consumers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.absorbthesun’senergy

B.produceoxygenandnutrients

C.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorgan

D.eattheplantsandanimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.humanbeings

B.theenvironment

C.animalsandplants

D.nature

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，作者之所以用后綴“ology”開始文章，目的在于引出本文的主題：生態(tài)學(xué)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.”生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是大小和位置不同的群體，選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致。

3.詞義推斷題。結(jié)合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“分解者，如細(xì)菌，進(jìn)入分解，有機(jī)物質(zhì)被土壤吸收，氣體被送回我們的大氣層?！边x項(xiàng)C動(dòng)物的糞便和殘骸均屬于有機(jī)物，所以正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems...”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Itooksomeoneelse’sbook（）mistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.by

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。bymistake為固定短語,意為“錯(cuò)誤地,由于差錯(cuò)”。句意:由于差錯(cuò),我拿了別人的書。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are____tosomeprivilegesinmanycountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.enabled

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enforced強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行B.engaged從事；忙于

C.enabled使能夠D.entitled使享有權(quán)利

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處填入的是動(dòng)詞，與其搭配的介詞為to，其賓語為privileges“特權(quán)”，D選項(xiàng)entitled“使享有權(quán)利”能夠滿足語義搭配要求，且常搭配的介詞為to，beentitledtosth“被賦予某種權(quán)利或享有某種資格”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enforced“（enforcesthon/againstsb/sth）強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

B選項(xiàng)engaged“（beengagedin/onsth）從事；忙于”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

C選項(xiàng)enabled“使能夠”，與“特權(quán)”不搭配，語義不完整。

【句意】在許多國家，老年人，尤其是70歲以上的老年人享有一些特權(quán)。

5.單選題

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas"Yoursorrowswillchange".

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.literal

B.ambiguous

C.invalid

D.philosophical

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。literal“文字的，逐字的，無夸張的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的，引起歧義的”；invalid“無效的，有病的，殘廢的”；philosophical“哲學(xué)的”。由空格后“Yoursorrowswillchange”確定本句句意是‘算命者擅長做如“你的悲傷將改變”等模糊不清的聲明?！疊選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.Expressiveleaderarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT___.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphabout“naturalleaders”?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Paragraphs3and4organizethediscussionofleadershipprimarilyintermof___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”.

B.Thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“Naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“Naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.examplesthatillustrateaproblem

B.causeandeffectanalysis

C.narrationofevents

D.comparisonandcontrast

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有幾種不同的方法可以使人成為某個(gè)社會群體公認(rèn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，第二段只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，第三段表明不同的人會充當(dāng)兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色，最后一段說明不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色發(fā)揮的不同作用。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——例如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders——在不同的社會群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能。選D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會群體中的作用”；A選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問題”，B選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項(xiàng)“社會群體如何決定誰將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”不符合原文主旨。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents…Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在家庭中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位……在較大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過選舉或招聘正式選出的）可知A選項(xiàng)“招聘”，B選項(xiàng)“正式選舉程序”以及D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)文化模式”符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”原文未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“naturalleaders”定位到第二段decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.（數(shù)十年的研究未能找出可靠的證據(jù)來證明那些人是“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”?？雌饋硭坪鯖]有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）可知選B選項(xiàng)“沒有證據(jù)表明‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’存在”；A選項(xiàng)“很少有人稱得上是‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’”，C選項(xiàng)“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’很容易被一個(gè)社會群體的成員所接受”未在第二段提及；D選項(xiàng)“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’有一組相似的特征”和原文相悖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.（看起來似乎沒有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）可知適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不一定會適合另外某個(gè)群體，選A選項(xiàng)“看起來似乎沒有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)“很少有人成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可以通過研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力最好地學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但很少能拿出證據(jù)證明他們的資格”未在第二段提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段therearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup…Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.（通常情況下，不同的個(gè)體擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色。工具性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)社會群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式……另一方面，表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)社會群體成員的集體福祉）以及第四段Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers…Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup…Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.（工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者與其他群體成員的關(guān)系可能是次要的……表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會與團(tuán)隊(duì)中的其他人建立一種更私人或更重要的關(guān)系……正如這兩種不同角色所表明的那樣：表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一般會從群體成員那里獲得更多的個(gè)人感情；而指導(dǎo)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，如果他們能成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)群體的目標(biāo)，可能會獲得更廣泛的尊重）可知這兩段是通過對比來表達(dá)不同群體會擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色，選D選項(xiàng)“對比”；A選項(xiàng)“舉例說明一個(gè)問題”，B選項(xiàng)“原因和影響分析”以及C選項(xiàng)“事件的敘述”都不符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.兩千余年來，絲綢之路作為中西交通的大動(dòng)脈承載著中國與世界的交往、對話，彰顯著古代中國開放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“絲綢之路”一詞早已超越其歷史含義，成為一種精神象征，為當(dāng)今世界的和平與發(fā)展提供了價(jià)值典范。

2.談到美國文學(xué)時(shí)，不能斷言它與歐洲文學(xué)截然不同。廣義上說，美國和歐洲齊頭并進(jìn)。在任何時(shí)間，旅行者都會在兩地發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣風(fēng)格的建筑、相同式樣的服裝，書店出售相同的書籍。思想如同人和商品一樣會自由自在地跨越大西洋，盡管有時(shí)速度慢些。

3.當(dāng)人類逐漸了解自然，開始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，并愈演愈烈時(shí)，自然的和諧與平衡便遭到毀壞?；哪牡貐^(qū)出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)難性的洪水來臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常受到污染，人類賴以生存的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)受到了破壞。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Therehavebeendesertifiedzoneandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwereoftenpolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonforalivingwasdeteriorated.

8.單選題

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)staff“職員”；B選項(xiàng)sustenance“生計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料，要素”；D選項(xiàng)component“成分，組件”。題干提到，官員組織項(xiàng)目，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的維護(hù)，其中也提到勞動(dòng)者，可推測勞動(dòng)者的生計(jì)問題受到關(guān)注，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。句意：他們幫助官員組織項(xiàng)目，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的維護(hù)，處理組織、指導(dǎo)和廣大勞動(dòng)者的……所涉及到的無數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（1）thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still（2）intheirminds.AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on（3）TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade（4）worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour（5）toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.

Granted,someamountofdelusionisprobablypartofthe（6）condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork（7）,inthesamespot—untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta（8）ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat（9）themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe（10）didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns（11）thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis（12）thestorm,thequakeorthe（13）itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.

Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat（14）thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineerhasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto（15）theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That’snot（16）,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall（17）canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle.

Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto（18）thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat150,000peoplewillneeda（19）out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The（20）withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.To

B.By

C.On

D.For

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fresh

B.obvious

C.apparent

D.evident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.visual

B.vivid

C.live

D.lively

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.less

C.more

D.much

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reluctance

B.rejection

C.denial

D.decline

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.world

C.social

D.human

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.revising

B.refining

C.rebuilding

D.retrieving

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.review

B.reminder

C.concept

D.prospect

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.preparing

B.protesting

C.protecting

D.prevailing

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.never

B.ever

C.then

D.there

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.down

C.over

D.out

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.merely

B.rarely

C.incidentally

D.accidentally

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.surge

B.spur

C.surf

D.splash

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.ensued

B.traced

C.followed

D.occurred

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.Where

C.what

D.when

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.enough

B.certain

C.conclusive

D.final

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.as

C.that

D.those

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.exile

B.evacuate

C.dismiss

D.displace

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.ride

B.trail

C.path

D.track

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.conventions

B.notifications

C.communications

D.negotiations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.介詞詞義辨析。To“朝，至于”；by“通過，經(jīng)過”；on“在……上”；for“因?yàn)?，為了”。文章第一句提到從歷史上看，人們只有在災(zāi)難來臨時(shí)才知道該如何避免災(zāi)難，那么下文圍繞這個(gè)話題展開討論。句意：按照這種邏輯，2006年應(yīng)該是理性行為一種突破。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.形容詞詞義辨析。Fresh“新鮮的”；obvious“明顯的，清晰的”；apparent“明顯的，表面上的”；evident“明顯的”。句意：對911事件依然記憶猶新。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.形容詞詞義辨析。Visual“視覺的”；vivid“生動(dòng)的，活潑的”；live“活的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”；lively“活潑的，生動(dòng)的”。句意：美國人通過電視直播觀看了卡特里娜颶風(fēng)，這是美國歷史上付出代價(jià)最慘重的災(zāi)難。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.上下文邏輯。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中填入一個(gè)詞修飾比較級worse，B和C項(xiàng)可排除。句意：更糟糕的是，我們對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)故意視而不見，以及我們在一切走向地獄之前才勉強(qiáng)合作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.名詞詞義辨析。Reluctance“不情愿”；rejection“拒絕”；denial“否認(rèn)”；decline“下降，衰退”。句意：更糟糕的是，我們對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)故意視而不見，以及我們在一切走向更糟糕之前不愿配合。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.形容詞詞義辨析。Natural“自然的”；world“世界”；social“社會的”；human“人類的”。句意：誠然，一定程度的幻想可能是人類生存條件的一部分。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Revise“修訂”；refine“精煉”；rebuild“重建”；retrieve“檢索，恢復(fù)”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝肆⒓撮_始重建工作。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.名詞詞義辨析。Review“回顧，復(fù)習(xí)”；reminder“暗示”；concept“概念”；prospect“預(yù)期”。句意：但回顧過去一年的災(zāi)難史可以看出……。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Prepare“準(zhǔn)備”；protest“抗議”；protect“保護(hù)”；prevail“盛行，流行”。又根據(jù)固定搭配protect…from…“保護(hù)……免遭……”。句意：但回顧過去一年的災(zāi)難歷史，現(xiàn)代美國人特別不善于保護(hù)自己免受必然的威脅。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.副詞詞義辨析。Never“從不”；ever“曾經(jīng)”；then“然后”；there“那兒”。句意：我們比以往任何時(shí)候都更了解我們所面臨的危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.固定搭配。Turnout“結(jié)果是，證明是”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”；turndown“拒絕”；turnover“翻轉(zhuǎn)，移交”。句意：但事實(shí)證明，在危機(jī)時(shí)刻，我們最大的敵人不是風(fēng)暴。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.副詞詞義辨析。Merely“僅僅，只是”；rarely“很少地”；incidentally“偶然地”；accidentally“意外地”。句意：在危機(jī)時(shí)刻，我們最大的敵人不是風(fēng)暴。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.名詞詞義辨析。Surge“大浪，巨涌”；spur“鼓舞，刺激”；surf“海浪”；splash“飛濺的水”。句意：我們最大的敵人很少是風(fēng)暴、地震或巨浪本身。更多時(shí)候，是我們自己。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Ensue“接著發(fā)生，追求”；trace“追溯”；follow“跟隨，追隨”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：那么在墨西哥灣發(fā)生災(zāi)難之后的那一年發(fā)生了什么呢？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)填入一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，充當(dāng)介詞to的賓語。Which“哪個(gè)”；where“哪兒”；what“什么東西”；when“什么時(shí)候”。句意：他們已經(jīng)或多或少地把墻重建在卡特里娜颶風(fēng)前的位置。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.形容詞詞義辨析。Certain“必然的”；enough“足夠的”；conclusive“決定性的，最后的”；final“最終的”。句意：這還不夠，我們現(xiàn)在可以滿懷信心地說。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中填入關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞all，所以選用關(guān)系代詞that。句意：但這可能是一年的忙碌所能帶來的一切。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Exile“放逐，流放”；evacuate“疏散，撤退”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；displace“取代”。句意：與此同時(shí)，新奧爾良官員制定了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，使用公共汽車和火車疏散病人和殘疾人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.名詞詞義辨析。Ride“騎馬，乘坐”；trail“小徑”；path“道路”；track“軌道，足跡”。句意：該市估計(jì)將有15萬人需要乘車撤離。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.名詞詞義辨析。Convention“大會，慣例”；notification“通知，告示”；communication“交流，通信”；negotiation“談判，協(xié)商”。句意：與鄰近社區(qū)的協(xié)商正在進(jìn)行中，而且困難重重。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworl