書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawthemoviestaronthestreet,shoutsandcheers（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokethrough

B.brokeup

C.brokeforth

D.brokeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakthrough“突破”；breakup“分手，打碎”；breakforth“噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)”；breakoff“暫停”。句意：當(dāng)人們?cè)诼飞峡吹诫娪懊餍菚r(shí)，歡呼聲爆發(fā)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

她不想被別人看成賣弄才學(xué)的女子。

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)確有好處，它能逼你去創(chuàng)造、去革新。

中國(guó)不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù)，而是倡導(dǎo)建立國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。

維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益，中國(guó)人民將義無反顧的捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺(tái)灣從中國(guó)分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

3.單選題

Apasser-bywasquickenoughto（）thefallingchildanddrewhimoutthepathofalorry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putaway

B.liftedup

C.grabbedat

D.soughtafter

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putaway收拾；放好；liftedup升起；舉起；鼓舞；grabbedat抓住，抓牢；soughtafter找尋，探索。句意：一個(gè)過路人很快地抓住了那個(gè)摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡車的軌道。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

UnderOregon’sDeathwithDignityAct,whichcameintoforcein1997,physician-assistedsuicidehasaccountedforbetween0.06and0.14percentoftotaldeaths,orsomewherearound40peryear.TheestimatefordeathsinBritain,（

）,is650.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldtheproposedlegislationbecomelaw

B.aslongastheproposedlegislationbecamelaw

C.soonaftertheproposedlegislationbecomeslaw

D.theproposedlegislationshouldbecomelaw

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由空格句中的詞estimate可知這一立法建議目前在英國(guó)尚未被采納，因此是虛擬。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中謂語動(dòng)詞部分含有助動(dòng)詞should時(shí)，可省略if并把should前置，形成倒裝。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英國(guó)一家智庫(kù)機(jī)構(gòu)上周六稱，對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂和不斷上升的失業(yè)率讓英國(guó)很多年輕人不得不重新考慮結(jié)婚計(jì)劃。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事務(wù)主管阿納斯塔西婭?德瓦爾說：“受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的影響，下決心結(jié)婚也將變得更加困難，沒有穩(wěn)定的收入和工作，人們沒有信心說‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月開展的一項(xiàng)“英國(guó)社會(huì)態(tài)度”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度已經(jīng)不那么傳統(tǒng)了，他們傾向于將職業(yè)發(fā)展放在首位。

6.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis（

）translation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“均勻的，同質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneous“同時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”；D選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無意識(shí)的”。句意：解決外交活動(dòng)中的語言問題最成功的方法是同聲傳譯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,governmentalbudgetsforeducationareoftenslashedbeforeanyothers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifted

B.cut

C.checked

D.donated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削減”。A項(xiàng)shift“轉(zhuǎn)移，快速轉(zhuǎn)移”，B項(xiàng)cut“割破，砍，削減”，C項(xiàng)check“檢查”，D項(xiàng)donate“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期，政府經(jīng)常首先削減教育預(yù)算。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

8.單選題

TheartistoftheRenaissancewasanall-roundman.Fromhisstudioonecouldorderapaintingforthechurchaltar,acarvedweddingchest,asilverewer,oracrucifix.ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.Manyofthewell-knownpaintersofthatgoldenperiodweregoldsmiths,workersinglass,enameloriron.Theengineerwasartistandtheartistwasengineer.ThegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa,wasperhapsequallywellknowninthe16thcenturyforhisengineeringprojectsandhisscientificexperiments.OurownThomasA.Edisonpronouncedhimthegreatestinventivegeniusofhistime.

1.AnimportantcenturyintheRenaissancewas（

）.

2.Whenwewanttosaythatamancoulddomanythings,wesayheis

（

）.

3.Thewordforhelperinthispassageis

（

）.

4.ThepainteroftheLastSupperwas

（

）.

5.Awordforinventiveis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetwelfth

B.theeighteenth

C.thefourteenth

D.thesixteenth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anartist-engineer

B.apainter

C.equallywell-known

D.anall-roundman

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.worker

C.apprentice

D.goldsmith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MonaLisa

B.aduke

C.Leonardo

D.ThomasEdison

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.creative

B.scientific

C.engineer

D.genius

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章中提到達(dá)芬奇生活在16世紀(jì)，本段說的就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家。因此可推斷16世紀(jì)就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的一個(gè)重要世紀(jì)。D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推斷題。文章第一句就稱文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家為“all-roundman全才”從第二句開始就描寫了一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的多重身份，由此可知，具備多方面的才能的人就是“全才”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推斷題。A選項(xiàng)master“主人；大師”；B選項(xiàng)worker“工人；勞動(dòng)者”；C選項(xiàng)apprentice“學(xué)徒；生手”；D選項(xiàng)goldsmith“金匠”。這四個(gè)身份中，唯一與helper“助手”相關(guān)的詞應(yīng)是C選項(xiàng)學(xué)徒，第三句說到“ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.作坊的大師可能正在為公爵的花園雕刻維納斯雕像，而他的學(xué)徒們則在為新教堂雕刻雕像的毛坯?！闭f明學(xué)徒們只是助手角色，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。在倒數(shù)第二句中提到“thegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa”可知Leonardo是TheLastSupper的畫家。C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推斷題。Incentive在文中是愛迪生用來形容Leonardo（達(dá)芬奇）的，后面的名詞是genius“天才”。A選項(xiàng)creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；B選項(xiàng)scientific“科學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)engineer“工程師”；D選項(xiàng)genius“天才”。C和D詞性不符合，B選項(xiàng)一般不用來形容天才，因此A選項(xiàng)正確的。incentive本義表示“發(fā)明的”。

9.單選題

Highgradesaresupposedto（）academicability,butJohn'sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certify

B.clarify

C.classify

D.notify

【答案】A

【解析】句意:高分應(yīng)該是學(xué)術(shù)能力的證明，但John的實(shí)際表現(xiàn)并沒證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。certify證明，證實(shí)；clarify說明，闡明：classify把……分類，把……分級(jí)；notify通告，宣告。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Tomwasahighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscientious“認(rèn)真的，盡責(zé)的”；B選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的”；C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾teacher，根填空處也應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞來修飾teacher，由此可知，填空處單詞應(yīng)與定語從句表達(dá)的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“盡職盡責(zé)的”，選項(xiàng)A與之意思最接近，所以正確。

11.單選題

AssoonasHenryfoundthegemtobe（）,hewentbacktotheshopandhadhismoneyback.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.synthetic

C.identical

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】scattered分散的,散亂的；synthetic人造的,合成的；identical同一的；conspicuous顯著的。句意：Henry一發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)鉆石是人造的,他立馬返回商店退款。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Thedepartmentsaidthattheproposed$39billiontransactionwouldsubstantiallylessencompetitionformobilewirelesstelecommunicationsservicesacrosstheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.promote

C.disclose

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.obscure使模糊，使隱晦B.promote促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)

C.disclose揭露，透露D.reduce減少，縮?。ǔ叽纭?shù)量、價(jià)格等）

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】lessen的意思為“（使）變小，減弱，減輕”，和competition構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，指的是移動(dòng)無線電信服務(wù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)因?yàn)檫@筆交易而減輕，reduce與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】該部門表示，擬議的390億美元交易將大大減少全美移動(dòng)無線電信服務(wù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

13.單選題

Theseatsinthesecondplane（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenalmostallfilled

B.hadallbeenalmostfilled

C.hadalmostallbeenfilled

D.hadalmostbeenfilledall

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。題干句意為：第二架飛機(jī)的座位_______。almostall幾乎全部。almostall為固定搭配。因此排除B、D，該句是過去完成時(shí)，almostall修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常應(yīng)放在行為動(dòng)詞之前（filled），故選A項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Heisavery______performer:hecansing,dance,andplaythepiano.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.experienced

C.honest

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“優(yōu)秀的”；B選項(xiàng)experienced“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)honest“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：他是一個(gè)非常______的表演者：他會(huì)唱歌，跳舞和彈鋼琴。根據(jù)語境，他會(huì)各種才藝，D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項(xiàng)為“渴望去做某事”；B選項(xiàng)為“遲到”;C選項(xiàng)為“對(duì)……漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Ifeelquiteconfidentin（）Mr.Jacksontoyouforthevacantpostofresearchassistant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submitting

B.proclaiming

C.recalling

D.recommending

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，贊揚(yáng)；recalling回顧，回想；recommending推薦，舉薦。根據(jù)句意：我很有信心向您推薦杰克遜先生擔(dān)任研究助理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

17.填空題

WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudy

Englishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.

【答案】1.heard

2.to

3.respect

4.realized

5.lost

6.so

7.got

8.time

9.out

10.ever

11.changed

12.result

13.progress

14.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout聽關(guān)于…的故事。而且這里應(yīng)該用過去式。

2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.與某事無關(guān)。

3.語義題。句意:在這方面，我和今天的許多學(xué)生很相似。

4.語義題。句意:我意識(shí)到這些故事是多么準(zhǔn)確。

5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去機(jī)會(huì)。這里應(yīng)該用過去式。

6.邏輯分析?？崭袂昂缶渥訛橐蚬P(guān)系:英語不好，我失去了很多機(jī)會(huì)。因此,我決定糾正之前的錯(cuò)誤。

7.固定搭配。getatutor請(qǐng)家教。這里應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。

9.固定搭配。turnouttobe結(jié)果是,證明是。

10.語義題。句意:我曾經(jīng)做的最好決定之一。

11.語義題。句意:在我改變對(duì)英語的態(tài)度后。

12.固定搭配。asaresult結(jié)果。

13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大進(jìn)步。

14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。

18.單選題

Manymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.Mostofthemaren’treallymentallyill.Inthejargonofthehospitalbureaucracy,theyareclassifiedas“inappropriateadmissions.”Butsincesocietyhasnothingbettertooffer,theyarelefttorotwithouthope,help,ordignity.Theusualexitisdeath.

Oftenthroughnofaultoftheirown,understaffedandovercrowdedmentalhospitalshandletheir“geriatriccases”littlebetterthancattle.Thereisarecurrentpatternofelderlypatientslockedintowardstopreventthemfromwanderingabout,givensteadydosesoftranquilizerstokeepthem“manageable”,leftdayandnightwithoutatraceofhumanwarmthorcompanionship.

Somehospitalshavewardsfullofelderly,tranquilizedpatients,bodiesbloatedfromtheirinactive,meaninglessexistences,sittinglistlesslyonhardbenchesorsprawledasleeponthefloor.Therearewomen,silentasstatues,occupyingchairsandrockersinthecorridors.Whiletheweathermaybebeautifuloutdoors,oldmenmayindifferentlyshuffleaboutageriatric“cottage”withnowheretogoandnothingtodo.

Yetmanyofthepeoplecouldberestoredtohumandignity,notbycomplicatedtherapeuticprocedures,butamongotherthings,byprovidinggoodmedicalcareandreachingoutahandofkindnesstowardsthem.

Itisestimatedthatonehalfoftheoldpeopleinstatementalhospitalstodaycouldleaveifpropercommunityresources,servicesandprogramswereavailable.Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.“Geriatric”inparagraph2referstopeoplewhoare（）.

3.Wemayinferthattheauthor（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattherealblamelieswith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostoldpeopleneedfamilycare

B.goodcarefortheelderlyiscostly

C.manyoldpeoplearelivingouttheirlastyearsinmentalinstitutions

D.oldpeopleshouldbetakenoutofdoorswhentheweatherispleasant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.old

B.lonely

C.mentallyill

D.physicallysick

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isindifferenttothestatusquoofthehospitals

B.issympathetictothesituationoftheelderly

C.isoptimistictowardsthefutureoftheelderly

D.ishostiletowardsthementalhospitalstaff

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesociety

B.thementalinstitutions

C.theelderly

D.thehospitalbureaucracy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,首段第一句為全文主旨句。“Manymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.”全國(guó)各地的許多精神病院已經(jīng)變成了接納成千上萬沒有去處的老年人的垃圾場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文句意:人手不足、人滿為患的精神病院在處理“病例”時(shí)就像對(duì)待牲口一樣。上一段提到,大多數(shù)進(jìn)精神病院的都是老人,并且他們沒有真正的精神疾病,也不是因?yàn)楣陋?dú)或者生病才進(jìn)來的,所以“geriatric”指的是老年人。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,如果有適當(dāng)?shù)纳鐓^(qū)資源、服務(wù)和項(xiàng)目,現(xiàn)在州立精神病院的老人可以離開一半。但是冷漠的社會(huì)并沒有提供這些服務(wù)。說明作者更多的是同情這些老人,選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.”但是冷漠的社會(huì)并沒有提供這些服務(wù)。說明作者認(rèn)為真正的過錯(cuò)在于社會(huì),選項(xiàng)A正確。

19.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

Alanguageisasystemofsounds,gestures,orcharactersusedbyhumanstocommunicatetheirideasandfeelings.Thereareabout4,000spokenlanguagesintheworld.Somearespokenbymillionsofpeople.Otherlanguageshaveonlyafewspeakers.

Alllanguageshaverulesforformingwordsandfororderingthosewordsinsentences.Inwrittenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofcharactersandrulesforcombiningthosecharacters.Inspokenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofsoundsandrulesforcombiningthosesounds.Manydeafpeopleusesignlanguages,inwhichgesturesdotheworkofthesoundsystemofspokenlanguages.

WordorderismoreimportantinEnglishthanitisinsomeotherlanguages,suchasRussian.ThesoundsystemisveryimportantinChineseandinmanylanguagesspokeninWestAfrica.

Languagesarealwayschanging,buttheychangeveryslowly.Peopleinventnewwordsfortheirlanguage,borrowwordsfromotherlanguages,andchangethemeaningsofwordsasneeded.Forexample,theEnglishwordbytewasinventedbycomputerspecialistsin1959.TheEnglishwordtomatowasborrowedfromNahuat,anAmericanIndianlanguagespokeninMexico.TheEnglishwordmeatoncereferredtofoodingeneral.

Thereareseveralmajorlanguagefamiliesintheworld.Thelanguagesineachfamilyarerelated,andscientiststhinktheycamefromthesameparentfamily.Languagefamiliescomeindifferentsizes.TheAustronesianfamilycontainsatleast500languages,includingPilipino,Malay,andMaori.TheBasquelanguage,spokeninnorthernSpain,istheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily.

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilycontains55languages,includingEnglish,German,Spanish,Russian,andHindi.AnotherlanguagefamilyisSino-Tibetan,whichincludesChinese,Burmese,andTibetan.TheAfro-AsiaticfamilyincludesArabic,Hebrew,andAmharic.Thereareabout150AmericanIndianlanguagesspokentoday.Theselanguageshavemanydifferencesandhavebeendividedintomorethan50languagefamilies.

Peoplelearnlanguagesbylistening,copyingwhattheyhear,andusingthelanguage.Mostchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguageseasily,andsometimesotherlanguagesaswell.Adultsoftenmustworkharderatlearningasecondlanguage.

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?

【答案】1.About4,000spokenlanguages.

2.Formingwordsandorderingthosewordsinsentences.

3.Bygestures.

4.Wordorder.

5.TheBasquelanguage.

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?1.世界上有多少種語言？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大約有4000種語言”可知，答案為“大約4000種”。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?2.語言規(guī)則是什么？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“所有的語言都有構(gòu)詞和排列句子的規(guī)則”可知，語言規(guī)則是“構(gòu)詞和排列句子”。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?3.如何用手語表達(dá)意思？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“許多聾人使用手語，在手語中，手勢(shì)起到了口語聲音系統(tǒng)的作用”可知，聾人通過手勢(shì)表達(dá)自己的意思。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?4.與其他語言相比，英語中什么更重要？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“詞序在英語中比在其他一些語言中更重要，比如俄語”可知，英語中詞序更重要。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?5.哪一種語言是其語系的唯一成員？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克語是該語系的唯一成員”可知，巴斯克語是其語系的唯一成員。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanSpymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto（）.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:該題考查了考生對(duì)一段的文意的總體把握。解題的關(guān)鍵在于第一段的最后一句話：“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.”其中考生要把握好“Donovan’svocation”這個(gè)短語的含義，它指的就是“intelligenceservices”，也就是情報(bào)行業(yè)，而“reshape”意為改造，那么結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)就是這兩點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)述說法，意為“改造了情報(bào)工作”。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤在于Donovan并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的粉絲，因?yàn)閺牡谝痪涮摂M語氣可以看出在他的年代并沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因此A錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)也不對(duì)，第一段寫的是“remade”和restored還是有區(qū)別的；選D選項(xiàng)的是考生沒有區(qū)分“reshape”和“revive”的含義，revive意為使復(fù)活，從原文中我們并不能得到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)什么時(shí)候消失過，所以也不存在復(fù)活，因此答案為B。

第2題:該題需要考生有全局觀念，它和文章大意相關(guān)，需要結(jié)合全文進(jìn)行作答。作者舉一個(gè)例子一定是為了體現(xiàn)他的主旨觀點(diǎn)，因此，Donovan的故事也是一個(gè)引子，目的是引出作者真實(shí)想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，這就是全文的重點(diǎn)和主旨，本文的主旨是在第一段的最后一句有體現(xiàn)，并且之后的幾段也都是圍繞著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)影響了情報(bào)工作這一點(diǎn)來展開的，因此和這個(gè)主旨最匹配的是A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)并不對(duì)，因?yàn)槿牡闹攸c(diǎn)并不是信息戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，只是提及了它而已。

第3題:本題考查了考生對(duì)文中詞組詞義的猜測(cè)能力及對(duì)全文的掌握程度。這個(gè)詞組的直譯含義是“做出了最引人注目的效果”，如果不知道這個(gè)詞組的含義也沒有關(guān)系，我們可以從后文得知：Straitford是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的新興佼佼者，因此它肯定是在這個(gè)行業(yè)獲得了成功的，而其他選項(xiàng)在全文中均無明顯體現(xiàn)，找不到相關(guān)依據(jù)。

第4題:本題考查了學(xué)生的推理及引申能力，考生需要對(duì)第四段有一個(gè)總體的把握和細(xì)節(jié)的追究。第四段主要講了Friedman對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的態(tài)度如何，以及他們公司是如何利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來進(jìn)行盈利的，文中舉出了烏克蘭（Ukraine）為例說明了他們公司利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)于形勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè)水平。A選項(xiàng)的說法是主觀推斷，因?yàn)槲闹胁]有提及關(guān)于烏克蘭的預(yù)測(cè)是否正確，屬于過度推斷；B選項(xiàng)說法太過絕對(duì)，根據(jù)常識(shí)我們也知道互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的信息不能保證百分百正確，并且在文中第四段的最后一句說了“這些開放資源的利用也是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的”，這一句也提示了我們信息并不一定是百分百正確的；C選項(xiàng)說他們公司的特點(diǎn)是不可預(yù)測(cè)性，這一點(diǎn)在全文中均未體現(xiàn)，并且該公司就是做風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)的，更不存在公司的特點(diǎn)是不可預(yù)測(cè)性這一說；D選項(xiàng)的話，根據(jù)第四段的最后一句，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集情報(bào)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而該公司會(huì)幫助客戶辨別信息真?zhèn)巍笨梢酝茢喑?，該公司的信息還是有一定的可靠性的，雖然不能保證百分百真實(shí)，但是還是經(jīng)過篩選的信息，較為可靠。

第5題:本題考查了考生對(duì)最后一段的理解程度，解題的關(guān)鍵是本段的最后一句話：“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”這句話告訴了我們Straitford公司引以為傲的是它有著獨(dú)立的立場(chǎng)，這就是它不同于其他公司的獨(dú)特之處，而B選項(xiàng)“nonconformistimage”的意思就是有自己獨(dú)特的形象，不默守陳規(guī)，因此B選項(xiàng)是正確答案的轉(zhuǎn)述，答案為B。

21.單選題

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。toxic指有毒的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

22.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligo