書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-德州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

We’retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit—andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.

Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It’snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon’tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”.Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.

It’saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.

Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon’tbuythingsthattheyneed.

Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.

Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit’sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.

1.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto（）.

2.Accordingtothecontext“paradox”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“（）”.

3.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStates（）.

4.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people（）.

5.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossiblet

B.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedt

C.saveeverypennyforthefuturet

D.savesomemoneyforlateruset

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.contradictiont

B.hypothesist

C.declarationt

D.assertiont

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeett

B.spendmorethantheycanaffordt

C.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtst

D.don’tpaybacktheirdebtsontimet

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingst

B.won’tbuythingsthattheyneedt

C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyt

D.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoneyt

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebankt

B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefuturet

C.theydon’twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingst

D.spendingmoneygivesthempain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中，人們都被建議去做……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.（縱觀歷史，在大多數(shù)文化中，人們普遍認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該努力工作，為未來(lái)儲(chǔ)蓄，支出不能超過(guò)我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力）可知，在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中，人們都被建議努力工作，為未來(lái)儲(chǔ)蓄，因此D項(xiàng)“存一些錢(qián)以后用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“盡可能享受他們現(xiàn)在的生活”，原文提到“努力工作”，所以A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；B項(xiàng)“花他們賺的每一分錢(qián)”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“為將來(lái)節(jié)省每一分錢(qián)”，原文提到“支出不能超過(guò)我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”，所以在正常的支出范圍內(nèi)可以進(jìn)行必要的消費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對(duì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，第二段的‘paradox’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)文章定位到第二段第四句Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”（他們提出了一個(gè)名為“paradoxofthrift”的觀點(diǎn)），上文提到傳統(tǒng)的觀念是努力工作并為未來(lái)儲(chǔ)蓄，但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不這樣認(rèn)為；后文接著舉例闡述了paradoxofthrift這一概念，Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.（設(shè)想你是一家生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)品的大公司的老板，你希望自己的員工努力工作并省錢(qián)，這樣的話你就不用付他們那么多錢(qián)了；但你想讓其他人盡可能多花錢(qián)，這樣你就能獲得更大的利潤(rùn)），由這個(gè)例子可知，傳統(tǒng)觀念提倡存錢(qián)，但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上來(lái)說(shuō)老板會(huì)更希望人們盡可能多的花錢(qián)，所以前后不一致，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thrift（節(jié)儉）和上下文語(yǔ)境可知，paradox表示“悖論”，故A項(xiàng)“矛盾”更符合。B項(xiàng)“假設(shè)”，文章是通過(guò)假設(shè)來(lái)解釋這個(gè)“節(jié)儉悖論”，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“公告”和D項(xiàng)“斷言，聲明”都不符合paradox的詞義。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“它暗示著許多人在英國(guó)和美國(guó)……”。第三段前兩句指出ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.（英國(guó)和美國(guó)的許多人都對(duì)個(gè)人債務(wù)水平感到擔(dān)憂；然而，如果人們突然停止購(gòu)物，開(kāi)始償還他們欠信用卡公司的錢(qián)，西方世界的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)都會(huì)崩潰），由此可以推斷，英美國(guó)家的人們普遍有使用信用卡提前消費(fèi)的習(xí)慣，所以他們實(shí)際的支出是超出了他們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的范圍，故B項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)超出他們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”正確。A項(xiàng)“必須努力工作才能收支平衡”，內(nèi)容不符合題干；C項(xiàng)“償還債務(wù)有困難”內(nèi)容比較片面；D項(xiàng)“不按時(shí)償還債務(wù)”文中沒(méi)提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最近的研究，人們……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.（傳統(tǒng)上，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢(qián)是理性的選擇；人們買(mǎi)東西在某種程度上是為了讓他們的生活更好；但近年來(lái)，他們注意到人們通常不會(huì)那樣做），可知經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢(qián)是理性的選擇，但人們?cè)谀撤N程度上并沒(méi)有理性消費(fèi)，所以可以推斷人們花錢(qián)是不理智的，故C項(xiàng)“不理智地花錢(qián)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“以買(mǎi)無(wú)用的東西為樂(lè)”和B項(xiàng)“不會(huì)買(mǎi)自己需要的東西”都只是不理智花錢(qián)的一部分，比較片面；D項(xiàng)“在花錢(qián)的時(shí)候做出理性的選擇”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，有些人喜歡存錢(qián)是因?yàn)椤薄８鶕?jù)題干定位到文章第五段Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.（人們花錢(qián)是因?yàn)橘?gòu)買(mǎi)行為能給他們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)；他們拒絕消費(fèi)，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)痛苦；科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們做出購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定時(shí)，大腦中預(yù)測(cè)快樂(lè)和痛苦的不同區(qū)域會(huì)變得更加活躍），由此我們可以推測(cè)，有些人不喜歡購(gòu)物而喜歡存錢(qián)是因?yàn)橘I(mǎi)東西會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得很痛苦，故D項(xiàng)“花錢(qián)給他們帶來(lái)痛苦”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們喜歡把錢(qián)存在銀行里”和B項(xiàng)“如果他們?yōu)槲磥?lái)存足夠的錢(qián)，他們就會(huì)感到安全”文中都沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“他們不想把錢(qián)花在沒(méi)用的東西上”，內(nèi)容不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B選項(xiàng)convincingly“使人信服地，有說(shuō)服力地”；C選項(xiàng)emphatically“堅(jiān)決地，斷然地”；D選項(xiàng)determinedly“決然地，斷然地”。句意：他講得如此有說(shuō)服力，以至于他的對(duì)手都被他的辯論所折服。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說(shuō)法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來(lái)看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹(shù)木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開(kāi)采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說(shuō)（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過(guò)度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長(zhǎng)的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）。”由此可知，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長(zhǎng)，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長(zhǎng)并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長(zhǎng)”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“增長(zhǎng)（growth）對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國(guó)家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會(huì)不會(huì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，尤其是富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國(guó)家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說(shuō)“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國(guó)資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國(guó)家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)完全是為了外國(guó)資本即富裕國(guó)家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒(méi)有增加本國(guó)人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒(méi)有提及社會(huì)機(jī)制的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國(guó)投資商，而本國(guó)人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說(shuō)到“這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對(duì)于第三世界的人民來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅沒(méi)有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒(méi)有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來(lái)的錢(qián)沒(méi)有用于國(guó)家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說(shuō)明這種發(fā)展對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家沒(méi)有好處，并不是想說(shuō)阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒(méi)有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說(shuō)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著逆境，或者增長(zhǎng)意味著逆境，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)就沒(méi)有給本國(guó)帶來(lái)繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的說(shuō)法（anoversimplification），沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家是完全適用的，有的國(guó)家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國(guó)家；第5段首句提出疑問(wèn)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長(zhǎng)才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒(méi)有直接回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長(zhǎng)”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長(zhǎng)并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不一定能帶來(lái)繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對(duì)人類(lèi)組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會(huì)帶來(lái)威脅人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說(shuō)“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對(duì)于“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，即作者對(duì)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

4.單選題

Shewasdeeply

bytheamountofcriticismherplayreceived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deported

B.deprived

C.involved

D.frustrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞criticism“批評(píng)”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：她的劇本受到了諸多批評(píng)，這使她很沮喪。

5.單選題

Inmanaginginformationresources,themediummaybethekeytoaneffectivesystem.Themediumisavehicle,atool,oracontainerforholdinginformation;theinformationitselfisthethingofvalue.

Threepopularcategoriesofinformationmediaarepaper,film，andelectronicstoragedevices.Themediachoicemustnotbeviewedasachoiceamongthesethree,however;itmustbeviewedasanopportunitytoselectfromamultitudeofmediapossibilitiesincombinationsthatbuildeffectivesystems.Inmanyinstancesthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementisnotthepersonwhodeterminesthemediuminwhichinformationwillbecreated.Insuchacase,themanagerofafirm’sinformationresourcesfacesachallengeinmakingasignificantcontributiontotheorganization’sobjectives.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.Examplesincludekeyingorscanningpaperdocumentstoconvertthemtoelectronicmedia.Otherprocessesconvertelectronicmediafromoneformattoanother.Forexample,diskfilescreatedononesystemmaynotbecompatiblewithanothersystem.Varioushardwareandsoftwarecombinationscanbeusedtoconvertfilestoformatsthatequipmentwillaccept.Forinformationgeneratedwithinorganizations,thisnecessityofmakingsystemscompatiblemaybeeliminatedbycooperativeplanning.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformationthatcomestoyourorganizationfromtheoutside.

Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.Forexample,apaperrecordmaybecreatedbecauseofitsportabilityandbecausenospecialequipmentisnecessaryforlaterreferencestothatinformation;electronictransmissionmaybeselectedbecauseitisthefastestmeansofcommunicatinginformation.Afirmmayuseelectronicmailbecauseanetworkalreadyexistsforon-linecomputercommunication.Theadditionalapplicationmaycostlessthanpostagetomailpapermemo.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

2.Thefirstparagraphaimsattellingthereader（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,（）

4.Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould（）

5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.MediaSelectioninManagingInformationResources.

B.TheImportanceandNecessityofMediaConversion.

C.ThreeCategoriesofInformationMedia.

D.VariousMeansofCommunicatingInformation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofinformationresourcesmanagement

B.therelationshipbetweenthemediumandinformation

C.thegreatvarietyofmediaforholdinginformation

D.thenumerousresourcesofinformation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.paperisthebeststoragedevice

B.peoplehavethreechoicesinselectinginformationmedium

C.itisbettertoletthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementdeterminethemedium

D.themanagershouldbuildaneffectivesystembyselectingagoodcombinationofdifferentmedia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.paperrecordisthemostconvenientmediumforlaterreference

B.electronicmailcostslessthanpostagetomailpapermemos

C.differentmediaforinformationmaybeselectedfordifferentpurposes

D.byusingdifferentmedia，afirmcancreatevariousinformationforitsobjectives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要是講信息資源管理中的媒介選擇。選項(xiàng)A正確，其余選項(xiàng)都是片面的觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知：媒介是一種承載信息的載體、工具或容器；信息本身就是有價(jià)值的東西。所以本段主要是講媒體與信息之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Themediachoice...thatbuildeffectivesystems.”媒體的選擇不能被視為這三種選擇之一；它必須被視為一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，從眾多的媒體選擇的可能性組合，以建立有效的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.”為了有效地管理信息資源，可能需要進(jìn)行媒體轉(zhuǎn)換。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.”信息媒體可能被選擇，以滿足在創(chuàng)建和傳播信息時(shí)存在的需要。也就是說(shuō)不同信息媒體的選擇是出于不同的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.單選題

Althoughthegallbladderisabsentfromallcommonmembersofthedeerfamily,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.buttheAsiaticmuskdeerhasthisorgan

B.thisorganfoundintheAsiaticmuskdeer

C.howeverthisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmuskdeer

D.thisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmusk

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知本題考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析，Although不能與but連用，可排除A選項(xiàng)；however與句子之間要有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，因此可排除C選項(xiàng)。句意：雖然所有鹿家族的普通成員都沒(méi)有膽囊……，根據(jù)句意可知，D選項(xiàng)thisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmusk（這個(gè)器官在亞洲麝香中發(fā)現(xiàn)）符合句意。B選項(xiàng)缺少成分。因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Youseethelightning（

）ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinstant

B.foraninstant

C.ontheinstant

D.inaninstant

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析“Youseethelightning____ithappens”可知空格處缺少一個(gè)連詞，結(jié)合句意可知選A，theinstant表示“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其他選項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：閃電一發(fā)生，你就看到了，但隨后才聽(tīng)到雷聲。

8.單選題

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺詐,騙子;jargon行話;pledge保證,許諾,抵押;motivation動(dòng)機(jī)。句意：當(dāng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員通過(guò)印刷和電子渠道加強(qiáng)溝通的時(shí)候，也為欺詐行為提供了快速增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。electrical有關(guān)電的；artificial人造的；electronic電子的；genuine真實(shí)的，誠(chéng)懇的。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)文件是電子數(shù)據(jù)的集合，用來(lái)組織計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和處理。這里指電子數(shù)據(jù)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Youcan（

）thevideocameraonatripod（三腳架），sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstand

B.fix

C.plant

D.dwell

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant種植，培養(yǎng)；dwell居住，存在于。

句意：你可以將攝像機(jī)固定在三腳架上，這樣當(dāng)你提問(wèn)的時(shí)候就不用擔(dān)心需要穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的抓住它了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Whenonehasgoodhealth,（

）shouldfeelfortunate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.you

B.they

C.he

D.we

【答案】C

【解析】考察人稱(chēng)代詞的用法。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)人擁有健康時(shí)，他應(yīng)該感到幸運(yùn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnot（）uptoclosescrutiny.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hold

B.stand

C.come

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查standuptoclosescrutiny“經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢查”。句意：他的論點(diǎn)經(jīng)不起推敲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Hehadthegoodfortuneto（

）withProf.Wangfor3years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.study

B.bestudying

C.havestudied

D.havebeenstudying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for3years”可知該句應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)，故排除AB兩項(xiàng)，學(xué)習(xí)與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：他有幸與王教授一起學(xué)習(xí)了3年。

14.單選題

____youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifrealized

B.HadIrealized

C.DidIhaverealizedthat

D.AsIrealized

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should或had時(shí)，可省略if采用倒裝句型，將should(would或could)提前。因此正確答案為B。

15.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.creativity

B.security

C.credibility

D.stability

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。creativity創(chuàng)造性；security安全性；credibility確實(shí)性；stability穩(wěn)定性。

句意：與美國(guó)巨大的工作流動(dòng)性相比，日本的工作穩(wěn)定性高是有一些合理的解釋的。根據(jù)下文的mobility可推測(cè)，兩者形成對(duì)比，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（

）athreattotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，發(fā)源；pose造成問(wèn)題等；offend冒犯，進(jìn)攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我們所知，汽車(chē)正在被淘汰，因?yàn)樗膹U氣對(duì)環(huán)境造成了威脅。poseathreatto為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)...造成威脅”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethodsbeyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocoolthe