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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西中遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,job-huntersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully,(

)thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯連接詞。therefore為連接性副詞,表示“因此”;whereas“然而”;provided“假如,以……為條件”;otherwise“否則就”。句意:求職者通過在線求職服務(wù)求職時(shí)必須仔細(xì)選擇用詞,否則搜索引擎無法正確匹配。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.翻譯題

1.Newton

Newtonusedhisgreatskillinmathematicstoformabetterunderstandingoftheworldandtheuniverse.Heusedmethodshehadlearnedasaboyinmakingthings.Heexperimented.Thenhestudiedtheresultsandusedwhathehadlearnedtodesignnewexperiments.

Newton’sworkledhimtocreateanewtechniqueinmathematicsformeasuringareascurvedinshape.Healsousedittofindhowmuchmaterialwascontainedinsolidobjects.Thetechniquehecreatedbecameknownasintegralcalculus.

Oneday,sittinginthegarden,hewatchedanapplefallfromatree.HebegantowonderifthesameforcethatpulledtheappledownalsokeptthemooncirclingtheEarth.Newtonbelieveditwas.Andhebelieveditcouldbemeasured.

Hecalledtheforcegravity.Hebegantoexamineitcarefully.

Hedecidedthatthestrengthoftheforcekeepingaplanetinorbitaroundthesundependedontwothings.Onewastheamountofmassintheplanetandthesun.Theotherwashowfaraparttheywere.

Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetweendistanceandgravity.Hemultipliedthemassofonespacebodybythemassoftheothers.Thenhedividedthatnumberbythesquareoftheirdistanceapart.Theresultwasthestrengthofthegravityforcethattiedthemtoeachother.

2.Hubble’sLaw

Inthelate1920s,Hubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse.

EarlierobservationsaboutthemovementofgalaxieshadbeendonebyV.M.Silpher.HediscoveredthatgalaxiesaremovingawayfromEarthatspeedsbetweenthree-hundredkilometersasecondandone-thousandeight-hundredkilometersasecond.

HubbleunderstoodtheimportanceofSilpher’sfindings.Hedevelopedaplanformeasuringboththedistanceandspeedofasmanygalaxiesaspossible.WithhisassistantatMountWilson,MiltonHumason,Hubblemeasuredthemovementofgalaxies.ThetwomendidthisbystudyingwhatHubblecalledthe“redshit”.ItalsoisknownastheDopplereffect.

TheDopplereffectexplainschangesinthelengthoflightwavesorsoundwavesastheymovetowardyouorawayfromyou.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingawayfromyouwillstretchintolongerwavelengths.Theyappearred.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingtowardyouwillhaveshorterwavelengths.Theyappearblue.

Observationsofforty-sixgalaxiesshowedHubblethatthegalaxiesweretravelingawayfromEarth.Theobservationsalsoshowedthatspeedwaslinkeddirectlytothegalaxies’distancefromEarth.Hubblediscoveredthatthefartherawayagalaxyis,thegreateritsspeed.ThisscientificruleiscalledHubble’sLaw.

3.Dream

Menandwomeninancienttimesoftenbelievedthatspiritsvisitedthemintheirdreams.Thespiritsbroughtmessagesofhopeordanger.AncientAssyrians(亞述人),Egyptians,Greeks,and,Romansallturnedtodreamsforsupernaturalanswerstotheirquestions.Theybelieveddreamscouldshowthefuture,warnofevil,bringhappiness.Priests(僧侶)andmedicinemenstudieddreamstolearnthecauseandcureofsicknesses.Theybuilttemplesandmadesacrificessotheirgodswouldspeaktothemthroughdreams.

TheancientGreeks,specially,sawdreamsashiddenmessagesfromthegods.However,oneGreekphilosopher,Aristotle,didnot.Hebelievedthegodswouldspeakonlytoafewspecialpeople,noteveryone.Andeveryonehaddreams.Almosttwo-thousand-four-hundredyearsago,anotherGreek—Hippocrates—wroteaboutdreams.Hippocratesisconsideredthefatherofmedicine.Hippocratesbelieveddreamscouldbeusedastoolsforlearningthenatureofaperson’ssickness.Forexample,supposeapersondreamedaboutafruittreethatwouldnotgrow.Suchadream,Hippocratessaidcouldmeanthatthepersonhadadiseaseofthereproductivesystem(再生系統(tǒng)).

Somehistoriansthinkthedreamsofancientpeoplesledtothedevelopmentofreligion.Thisincludesthebeliefinthesurvivalofthespiritafterdeath.

【答案】1.牛頓

牛頓運(yùn)用他在數(shù)學(xué)方面的高超技巧,對(duì)世界和宇宙有了更好的認(rèn)識(shí)。他用小時(shí)候?qū)W到的方法做東西。他嘗試。然后,他研究結(jié)果,并利用他所學(xué)到的設(shè)計(jì)新的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

牛頓的工作使他在數(shù)學(xué)中創(chuàng)造了一種測量曲面面積的新技術(shù)。他還用它來發(fā)現(xiàn)固體中含有多少物質(zhì)。他創(chuàng)造的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)后來被稱為積分學(xué)。

一天,他坐在花園里,看到一個(gè)蘋果從樹上掉下來。他開始想,把蘋果拉下來的力量,是否也讓月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。牛頓認(rèn)為是。他相信這是可以衡量的。

他稱這種力為重力。他開始認(rèn)真地調(diào)查。

他認(rèn)為保持行星繞太陽軌道運(yùn)行的力量取決于兩個(gè)因素。一個(gè)是行星和太陽的質(zhì)量。另一個(gè)是它們之間的距離。

牛頓能夠找到距離和重力之間的精確關(guān)系。他用一個(gè)空間物體的質(zhì)量乘以其他物體的質(zhì)量。然后他把這個(gè)數(shù)字除以它們之間距離的平方。其結(jié)果是將它們相互綁在一起的重力的強(qiáng)度。

2.哈勃定律

在20世紀(jì)20年代末,哈勃研究了星系在太空中的運(yùn)動(dòng)。他的研究導(dǎo)致了20世紀(jì)最重要的天文發(fā)現(xiàn)——不斷膨脹的宇宙。

關(guān)于星系運(yùn)動(dòng)的早期觀察是由V.M.希爾弗做的。他發(fā)現(xiàn)星系正以每秒300公里到每秒1800公里的速度遠(yuǎn)離地球。

哈勃明白希爾弗發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。他制定了一個(gè)計(jì)劃來測量盡可能多的星系的距離和速度。哈勃和他在威爾遜山的助手米爾頓?哈馬森一起測量了星系的運(yùn)動(dòng)。這兩個(gè)人是通過研究哈勃所說的“紅色大便”來做到這一點(diǎn)的。這也被稱為多普勒效應(yīng)。

多普勒效應(yīng)解釋了光波或聲波在向你移動(dòng)或遠(yuǎn)離你時(shí)長度的變化。從加速遠(yuǎn)離你的物體發(fā)出的光波會(huì)延伸到更長的波長。出現(xiàn)紅色。從一個(gè)物體向你飛來的光波的波長會(huì)更短。它們出現(xiàn)藍(lán)色。

哈勃對(duì)46個(gè)星系的觀察表明,這些星系正在遠(yuǎn)離地球。觀測結(jié)果還表明,速度與星系離地球的距離直接相關(guān)。哈勃發(fā)現(xiàn)星系越遠(yuǎn),其速度就越快。這一科學(xué)規(guī)律被稱為哈勃定律。

3.夢(mèng)想

古時(shí)候的男人和女人通常相信靈魂在他們的夢(mèng)中拜訪他們。靈魂帶來了希望或危險(xiǎn)的信息。古代亞述人、埃及人、希臘人和羅馬人都從夢(mèng)中尋求超自然的答案。他們相信夢(mèng)可以顯示未來,警告邪惡,帶來幸福。牧師和藥師研究夢(mèng)來了解疾病的起因和治療方法。他們建造廟宇,獻(xiàn)祭,讓他們的神通過夢(mèng)境與他們對(duì)話。

尤其是古希臘人,把夢(mèng)看作是來自神的隱藏信息。然而,一位希臘哲學(xué)家亞里士多德卻不認(rèn)為。他相信神只會(huì)對(duì)少數(shù)特殊的人說話,而不是所有人。每個(gè)人都有夢(mèng)想。大約2400年前,另一位希臘人希波克拉底寫過關(guān)于夢(mèng)的文章。希波克拉底被認(rèn)為是醫(yī)學(xué)之父。希波克拉底認(rèn)為夢(mèng)可以被用作了解一個(gè)人疾病本質(zhì)的工具。例如,假設(shè)一個(gè)人夢(mèng)到一棵不長的果樹。希波克拉底說,這樣的夢(mèng)可能意味著這個(gè)人患有生殖系統(tǒng)疾病。

一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為古代人民的夢(mèng)想導(dǎo)致了宗教的發(fā)展。這包括對(duì)人死后靈魂依然存在的信仰。

3.單選題

Itmakesme(

)whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)furious“生氣的,狂怒的”;B選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”;C選項(xiàng)mysterious“神秘的”;D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的”。

句意:別人不聽,然后問些愚蠢的問題,這讓我很生氣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在越來越盛行送十幾歲的小孩子到國外留學(xué),人數(shù)在急劇增加。他們的家長對(duì)國外的教育抱有不切實(shí)際的幻想。外國院校舉辦的教育展覽把國外的學(xué)校說的天花亂墜,使他們聽了介紹之后便心動(dòng)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。

可是,把小孩子送到國外學(xué)習(xí)并不一定帶來好的結(jié)果。許多學(xué)生缺乏適應(yīng)性和靈活性,他們很難融入到國外新的環(huán)境,由于在文化上難以適應(yīng),即缺乏在國外陌生環(huán)境下生存的能力,他們往往會(huì)受到所謂“文化震蕩”的沖擊。缺乏必要的觀察能力,使他們難以理解東道主國家人民的行為表現(xiàn),他們也就無法與當(dāng)?shù)厝舜虺梢黄?,缺乏適應(yīng)性以及交流和交往能力必然會(huì)使自己感到孤立。

感到孤獨(dú)和生活上不能自理,他們會(huì)經(jīng)常想家和情緒低落。更重要的是,由于他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上沒有打好堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),不能適應(yīng)外語環(huán)境下的學(xué)習(xí),由于他們?nèi)狈Κ?dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的能力,所以就不可能取得所期望的進(jìn)步。

于是,許多人便不得不半途而廢,放棄來之不易的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。因此,過早地送小孩子到國外學(xué)習(xí)不一定是件好事情。

如果想要孩子到國外去見見世面,可以讓他們集體參加短期的國外游學(xué)項(xiàng)目,住在外國人的家里,參加暑期班的學(xué)習(xí),在所在地開展一些旅游活動(dòng),但這些團(tuán)組必須有專門的老師陪同,提供全程性的指導(dǎo)和幫助。

【答案】Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentshaveunrealisticillusionsaboutforeigneducation.Attractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcollegeswhichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtales,theyarepromptedintoaction.

However,sendingchildrentostudyabroaddoesn’tnecessarilyproducegoodoutcomes.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.Theyfindithardtoadaptthemselvestonewenvironmentinforeigncountries.Becauseofthelackofculturaltoughness——theabilitytoliveinanalienculture,theyusuallysufferfromtheso-called“culturalshock”.Withoutadequateperceptualability—theabilitytounderstandwhythehost-countrypeoplebehaveastheydo,theyfinditdifficulttoempathizewiththem.Andduetothelackofself-orientation,theabilitytocommunicateandinteracteffectivelywithhost-countrynationals,theytendtofindthemselvesisolated.

Feelinglonelyandbeingunabletotakecareofthemselvesmakethemhomesickanddowninspirits.Andmoreimportantly,becausetheseyoungstudentsdon'thaveasoundacademicfoundationandtheabilitytopursuestudyinaforeignlanguage,theydon'tknowhowtoworkindependentlyandoftenfailtomaketheprogresstheydesire.

Therefore,manystudentshavetogiveuptheirhard-earnedlearningopportunityhalfway.Hence,sendingchildrentostudyabroadwhentheyarestillyoungisnotnecessarilyagoodthing.

Ifparentswanttobroadenthevisionoftheirchildren,itisadvisabletosendthemabroadingroupsforshorthome-staystudyprograms.Theycanlivewithahostfamily,attendasummerschool,andjoininexcursionsinandaroundthehostcity.Butthesegroupsmustbeaccompaniedbyadesignatedteacherwhocanprovideorientation,guidanceandassistanceallthe

5.單選題

Asordid,sentimentalplotunwinds,withaninevitable()ending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mawkish

B.fateful

C.beloved

D.perfunctory

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。mawkish“令人厭惡的,自作多情的”;fateful“重大的,決定命運(yùn)的,致命的”;beloved“深愛的(人),鐘愛的(人)”;perfunctory“敷衍的;馬虎的”。句意:一個(gè)污穢而傷感的故事情節(jié)展開后,必然會(huì)有一個(gè)令人厭惡的結(jié)局。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)(挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)。一項(xiàng)新的法律限制了人們只能在漫長的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探;制定了生產(chǎn)限額(盡管已經(jīng)提高))可知B選項(xiàng)“減緩它的發(fā)展速度”正確;第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers(石油公司雇傭外國工人的數(shù)量不得超過一定數(shù)量)可知A選項(xiàng)“為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”和原文相悖;C選項(xiàng)“出售它在國外生產(chǎn)的石油”以及D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”為原文所提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.(挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè))以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.(但石油行業(yè)有一種克服這些問題的方法,很少有人相信政府能夠長期維持現(xiàn)狀)可以推測出政府努力維持現(xiàn)狀,選D選項(xiàng)“保持石油工業(yè)接近目前規(guī)?!保瑫r(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”和C選項(xiàng)“幫助石油公司解決許多問題”與原文相悖;B選項(xiàng)“阻止石油公司雇傭來自挪威北部的人”原文未提及,排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.(但是石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始把人們吸引到南方,不出幾年,整個(gè)北方政策可能會(huì)崩潰)可知選C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展方案的失敗”,同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”以及B選項(xiàng)“人口增長”和原文相悖;D選項(xiàng)“新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”未提及,排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.(然而,石油工業(yè)的影響將不限于北方。由于將近百分之百就業(yè)率,每個(gè)人都能看出一種發(fā)展中的情況:服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的大部分工人會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去)可知南方服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的工人們會(huì)進(jìn)入石油行業(yè),導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量減少,選C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量的減少”,A選項(xiàng)“大量減少失業(yè)”,B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的增長”以及D選項(xiàng)“一些服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展”和原文相悖。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.(雖然農(nóng)民和漁民并不占人口的絕大部分,但他們卻是人口的重要組成部分,因?yàn)榕餐嗽谒麄兩砩峡吹搅嗽S多他們引以為傲的挪威人的基本品質(zhì))可知選B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表著挪威的理想”,同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威理想的很大一部分”錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有用”原文未提及;最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.(農(nóng)民和漁民對(duì)石油工業(yè)最為不滿,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村和海洋造成損害)可知D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為石油是對(duì)挪威生活方式的威脅”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Notalldecisionsarealike.(1)iseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Althoughsomeactionsyouundertake(2)theirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareotherinstances(3)decision-makingdoesnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingtoDeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyouconsciouslymakedecisionsabout(4)thingsaswhich,sideofyourhairtocombfirst,howtobrushyourteeth,orwhichshoeto(5)first?Probably(6).Althoughyoumayhavemadeaconsciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobably(7)anytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividualhascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmade(8)inyourlife,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtimeyouundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyourdailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalktoclassifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutineplansoractionsasresourcetomake(9)decisions.

Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeina(10)situations.Thesearecalledprogrammeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsaredifferentfromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioralactionsrepeatedlyundertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,(11),utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituationForinstance,youknowyouaregoingtohaveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone(12)yourknowledgeofasimilarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccess(13)achievedwillbeadeterminantinhow,when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.

Programmeddecisions,likeroutines,area(n)(14)inyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenproves.tobesuccessfulyourepeatthesameactionthenexttimeasimilarsituationoccurs.Thesuccessfulachievement,(15)thesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhenandtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecision(16)employingitagainin(17)situations.

Bothroutineand(18)decisionsserveusefulpurposes.Theyactasresourcesby(19)theneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluatemanagerialactions.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutobypassor(20)theuseofthedecision-makingprocess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Not

B.No

C.Nor

D.Never

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toderive

B.derive

C.deriving

D.derived

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.Where

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.thesame

C.somany

D.such

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.puton

C.putoff

D.putup

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.yes

B.not

C.ok

D.no

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.didn'tspend

B.wouldn'tspend

C.won'tspend

D.hadn'tspent

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.atthefighttime

B.atanearlytime

C.atanearliertime

D.attheearliesttime

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.old

C.new

D.separate

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.regular

C.routine

D.given

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.ontheotherhand

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.using

B.havingused

C.touse

D.tohaveused

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.lately

B.previously

C.recently

D.currently

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.resource

B.determinant

C.experience

D.achievement

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.repeatedby

B.provedby

C.measuredby

D.metby

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.before

C.after

D.since

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.anyother

B.allother

C.theother

D.otherlike

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.habitual

B.impulsive

C.programmed

D.conscious

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.eliminating

B.satisfying

C.increasing

D.reducing

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.minimize

B.maximize

C.make

D.employ

【答案】第1題:

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】(1)語法和搭配。Nor的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表“…..也不”,句意:所有的決定都不相同,每個(gè)做決定的方式也不相同。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(2)固定搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知空格為謂語動(dòng)詞,選項(xiàng)A和C可排除。整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),所以選用動(dòng)詞原形derive,derive…from“源自”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(3)語法題。根據(jù)題意,可知空格中需要填入一個(gè)關(guān)系詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞instances“舉例”,選項(xiàng)when關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(4)固定搭配。such…as“例如,諸如”,表示舉例子。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

(5)詞組辨析。putdown“記下,鎮(zhèn)壓”;puton“穿上”;putoff“延期”;putup“舉起,張貼”。句意:首先穿那只鞋?選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(6)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)前面一句“doyouconsciouslymakedecisions…”,可知前面一句是一般疑問句,根據(jù)文意,應(yīng)該為否定回答,所以選用not,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(7)上下文語義理解和邏輯關(guān)系。前一句為讓步狀語從句,意為:盡管你可能已經(jīng)有意識(shí)地決定了要穿什么去上課,可知后一句意思為:你可能不會(huì)花時(shí)間做決定。前后兩句形成讓步關(guān)系。并且整個(gè)句子談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事情,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(8)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)文意:每個(gè)人都會(huì)有一些習(xí)慣和日常行為,盡管這些行為習(xí)慣來源于生活中更早的一些決定。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(9)上下文語義理解。上文提到了常規(guī)習(xí)慣對(duì)以后生活的帶來影響,根據(jù)文意:你可以使用日常計(jì)劃或行動(dòng)作為來源去做出新的決定。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(10)上下文語義理解。根據(jù)上文“Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow”,可知除了你所遵循的習(xí)慣行為或慣例,你也要在具體的情況下采取特殊的行動(dòng)。specificactions和specificsituations形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

(11)邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到了程序化決策不同于常規(guī)決策,空格后提到了在類似的情況下利用你過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn),前后形成了對(duì)比關(guān)系。所以用搭配ontheotherhand,表示“另一方面”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

(12)語法題。根據(jù)上文“Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone”,可知空格前句子完整,空格為狀語成分,并且表伴隨,所以選用-ing分詞作伴隨狀語,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(13)上下文語義理解。lately“近來,不久前”;previously“以前,預(yù)先”;recently“最近”;currently“當(dāng)前”。句意:以前取得的成功程度將決定你如何、何時(shí)、何地、以及為這次考試學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間長短。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(14)上下文語義理解。resource“資源,來源”;determinant“決定因素”;experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)歷”;achievement“成就”。句意:程序化的決策,就像常規(guī)決定一樣,是你管理中一種資源。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(15)上下文語義理解。repeat“重復(fù)”;prove“證明”;measure“測量”;meet“遇見”。句意:成功的成就,用你得到的滿足感來衡量。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(16)上下文語義理解。until“直到”;before“在之前”;after“在之后”;since“自從”。句意:成功的成就,由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量,決定了你在什么時(shí)候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他類似的情況之前,修改了最初的決定。所以選用before“在之前”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

(17)下文語義理解題。anyother“其他的”;allother“所有其他”;theother“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。句意:成功的成就,由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量,決定了你在什么時(shí)候以及在多大程度上,在其用于其他類似的情況之前,修改了最初的決定。所以意思為“其他類似的”,選用“otherlike”,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

(18)上下文語義理解和語法。habitual“習(xí)慣的,習(xí)以為常的”;impulsive“沖動(dòng)的,任性的”;programmed“程序化的”;conscious“意識(shí)到的,神志清晰的”。句意:常規(guī)決策和程序化決策都有其有用的目的。根據(jù)語法,both前后的成分保持并列,具有同一性質(zhì)。上文也提及了程序化決策。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(19)上下文語義理解。eliminate“消除,排除”;satisfy“使?jié)M意”;increase“增加”;reduce“減少”。句意:它們作為一種資源,消除了做出新決定的需要。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

(20)上下文語義理解。minimize“最小化”;maximize“最大化”;make“制作,使”;employ“采用,雇用”。句意:您所取得的成功使您能夠繞過或?qū)Q策過程實(shí)現(xiàn)最小化。

8.單選題

Byevacuatingtheinhabitantsinthedenselypopulatedareasofthecityandestablishingtemporaryshelters,thecity()itselfforapossiblenewquake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bolted

B.braced

C.reinforced

D.strapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:bolt“篩選;拴上;脫口而出”;B:brace“支撐;預(yù)備;準(zhǔn)備”;C:reinforce“加固;強(qiáng)化;增援”;D:strap“用帶捆扎;用皮帶抽打”。句意:通過疏散該城市人口密集區(qū)域的居民,建立臨時(shí)庇護(hù)所,全城做了可能再發(fā)生一場地震的防備。根據(jù)語境和句意可知B為正確答案。

9.單選題

Thisrestaurantisfrequently()bytouristsbecauseofitsfamouscooking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.patronized

B.serviced

C.attended

D.utilized

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:旅客經(jīng)常

這家餐館,因?yàn)檫@里的烹飪很有名。patronized光顧;serviced為……服務(wù);attended參加,出席;utilized利用。故選A。

10.翻譯題

Thedistinctionbetweenthemechanizationofthepastandwhatishappeningnowis,however,notasharpone.Atoneextremewehavetheelectroniccomputerwithitsquiteremarkablecapacityfordiscriminationandcontrol,whileattheotherendofthescaleare“transfermachines”,astheyarenowcalled,whichmaybeassimpleasaconveyorbelttoanother.Anautomaticmechanismisonewhichhasacapacityforself-regulation;thatis,itcanregulateorcontrolthesystemorprocesswithouttheneedforconstanthumanattentionoradjustment.Nowpeopleoftentalkabout“feedback”asbeinganessentialfactorofthenewindustrialtechniques,uponwhichisbasedanautomaticself-regulatingsystemandbyvirtueofwhichanydeviationinthesystemfromdesiredconditionscanbedetected,measured,reportedandcorrected.When“feedback”isappliedtotheprocessbywhichalargedigitalcomputerrunsattheimmensespeedthroughalongseriesofsums,constantlyrejectingtheanswersuntilitfindsonetofitacomplexsetoffactswhichhavebeenputtoit,itisperhapsdifferentindegreefromwhatwehavepreviouslybeenaccustomedtomachines.

【答案】然而,過去的機(jī)械化和今天所發(fā)生的一切之間的區(qū)別并不大。一方面,我們的電腦具有驚人的分辨能力和控制能力,另一方面,則是傳送機(jī),最簡單的是傳送帶。自動(dòng)機(jī)械就是一個(gè)有自控能力的裝置,也就是說,它不需要人經(jīng)常調(diào)整和看管,也能夠調(diào)節(jié)或控制系統(tǒng)或過程。現(xiàn)在人們常說‘反饋’是這些新工業(yè)技術(shù)的根本要素,自動(dòng)的自我調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制就是建立在反饋基礎(chǔ)上的,通過它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)與理想狀態(tài)間的任何偏離,并加以測量,報(bào)告并糾正。大型計(jì)算機(jī)高速進(jìn)行著各種運(yùn)算,當(dāng)‘反饋’被運(yùn)用于該過程中,計(jì)算機(jī)就會(huì)不斷否決錯(cuò)誤答案,直到找到與輸入的信息相符的正確答案為止,這種機(jī)制與我們以前熟悉的機(jī)器差別很大。

11.翻譯題

“Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.

Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthosewhothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Adviceto“sleeponit”couldbewellfounded,scientistssay.

Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedinsurmountablethenightbeforecanoftenappearmoremanageable,althoughtheevidenceuntilnowhasbeenanecdotal.ButresearchersattheUniversityofLuebekinGermanyhavedesignedanexperimentthatshowsagoodnight’ssleepcanimproveinsightandproblem-solving.“Ifyouhavesomenewlyacquiredmemoriesinyourbrainsleepactsonthesememories,restructuresthem,sothataftersleepinsightintoaproblemwhichyoucouldnotsolvebeforeincreases.”SaidDr.JanBorn,aneuroscientist,attheuniversity.

HecreatedMickeyMouseandproducedthefirstfull-lengthanimatedmovie.Heinventedthethemeparkandoriginatedthemodemmultimediacorporation.Forbetterorworse,hisinnovationshaveshapedourworldandthewayweexperienceit.ButthemostsignificantthingWaltDisneymadewasagoodnameforhimself.

Itwas,ofcourse,longagoconvertedintoabrandname,constantlyfussedover,ferociouslydefended,firstbyDisney,latterlybyhiscorporateheirsandassigns.Servingasabeaconforparentsseekingclean,decententertainmentfortheirchildren,theDisneylogo-astylizedversionofthefounder’ssignature—moregenerallypromisesusthatanythingappearingbeneathiswillnotveertoofarfromthesafe,soundandaboveallcheerfulAmericanmainstream,whichitdefinesasmuchasserves.

Nowthedreadfulwinterwascomeuponthem.

Intheforest,allsummerlong,thebranchesofthetreesdobattleforlight,andsomeofthemloseanddie;andthencometheragingblasts,andthestormsofsnowandhail,andstrewthegroundwiththeseweakerbranches.JustsoitwasinPackingtown;thewholedistrictbraceditselfforthestrugglethatwasanagony,andthosewhosetimehascomediedoffinhordes.

ItwasTipperGore’sfirstsolocampaignoutingoftheyear,addaylongsprintacrossNewHampshireonamiserablesnowydayinJanuary.Mrs.Gorecheerfullytrudgedfromhospitaltomeetinghall,shakinghands,talkingupherhusband—andgivingvotersanup-closelookattheladywhowouldbeFirstLady.BackhomeinWashington,A1Gorespentthedaywonderinghowhiswifewasreallyhandlingthenorthernexposure.Privateandwaryoftherigorsofcampaignlife.Tipperhasoftenbeenareluctantpublicfigure.

【答案】如果我們的時(shí)間得到充分利用,或者會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些有用而且重要的產(chǎn)品,這些產(chǎn)品能在市場上賣出相應(yīng)的價(jià)錢;或者它會(huì)增加我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提高我們的能力,當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)來臨時(shí),使我們能夠掙錢。

睡了一晚好覺之后,前一天晚上看似無法克服的問題,往往會(huì)變得更容易處理,盡管現(xiàn)今為止這種說法只是軼事。

當(dāng)然在很久以前它就變成了一個(gè)商標(biāo)名稱,這個(gè)商標(biāo)不斷被紛擾,受到猛烈的辯護(hù),先是迪斯尼,后來是他的公司繼承人和受讓人。

在森林中,整個(gè)夏天,樹木的枝干都在微微顫動(dòng),有些枝干會(huì)枯死;然后是猛烈的狂風(fēng),暴風(fēng)雪和冰雹,把這些較弱的樹枝撒在地上。

他對(duì)競選活動(dòng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性的私密和警覺,使Tipper經(jīng)常不情愿地成為公眾人物。

12.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在對(duì)話中說到難以入眠是因?yàn)镸yearsarealwaysringing(耳朵一直有噪音)。

13.單選題

Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyears,hefinally()therankofdeputydirector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.achieved

B.approached

C.attained

D.acquired

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在這個(gè)公司工作十年之后,終于獲得了副主管的頭銜。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。achieve(通過長期努力)達(dá)到(某特定的目標(biāo),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等);approach接近,靠近;attain(通常指經(jīng)過努力)獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn),進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài)或情況);acquire獲得(名聲;技能等)。此句,并未特別強(qiáng)調(diào)長期努力,記憶并未強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)目標(biāo)。因此選C。

14.單選題

Donotbelittleanyone’scontribution;theselittlegiftsadduptolargesums.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplate

B.disparage

C.appreciate

D.prod

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contemplate沉思;深思熟慮B.disparage貶低;抨擊

C.appreciate欣賞;感激D.prod刺激;督促

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意:不要……任何人的貢獻(xiàn);這些小禮物加起來是一大筆錢。由后半句可知,這些小的貢獻(xiàn)是一大筆錢,也就是說每個(gè)人的貢獻(xiàn)都很重要,不要輕視任何人的貢獻(xiàn)。因此選B選項(xiàng)disparage“貶低;抨擊”。劃線詞belittle意為“輕視;貶低”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】不要輕視任何人的貢獻(xiàn);這些小禮物加起來是一大筆錢。

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