書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-懷化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.applicators

B.applications

C.applicants

D.appliances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器；敷帖器；上涂裝置”；B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”；C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請(qǐng)人，申請(qǐng)者；請(qǐng)求者”；D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具；器械；裝置；應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分：highlyefficientinsulation，solarheating，energyefficient____，和organicgardening，根據(jù)上下文，這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，因此我們不難排除掉與此無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外，原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”與題意不符。句意：“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽(yáng)能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來(lái)生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)幾次遭到暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊，但幾乎沒(méi)有造成什么損失。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。attack攻擊，抨擊，動(dòng)手干；injure傷害，損害:harm傷害，危害，損害;struck罷工，打擊。此處是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是thestorm(暴風(fēng)雨)，故選A項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Theydon’tknowhowtoputinacentral-heatingsystem,buttheymanageditbytrialand______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fault

B.slop

C.error

D.mistake

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fault過(guò)錯(cuò)；缺點(diǎn)B.slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩飯菜

C.error錯(cuò)誤；差錯(cuò)D.mistake錯(cuò)誤，失誤

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】按照句意“他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過(guò)試驗(yàn)和______設(shè)法做到了”，由bytrial可知，bytrialanderror是固定搭配，表示“反復(fù)試驗(yàn)”，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)泛指抽象的過(guò)失、過(guò)錯(cuò)、責(zé)任等，不符合句意；

B項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)指判斷或理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的錯(cuò)誤，不符合句意。

【句意】他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)設(shè)法做到了。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫(kù)克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫(kù)克的立場(chǎng)時(shí)，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實(shí)體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過(guò)用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒(méi)有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兏静魂P(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個(gè)極為精確的個(gè)體形象，由此可以推測(cè)出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步被泄露了，因此B選項(xiàng)“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細(xì)、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來(lái)越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說(shuō)他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會(huì)回避他們認(rèn)為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對(duì)這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無(wú)關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說(shuō)著很注重隱私，但是他們的實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻不是這樣的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人說(shuō)他們關(guān)心隱私，但實(shí)際上他們并沒(méi)有足夠重視這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫(kù)克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個(gè)人對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護(hù)的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項(xiàng)“提高隱私保護(hù)意識(shí)”符合題意。B、C選項(xiàng)過(guò)于片面，D選項(xiàng)不符合文意，均可排除。

5.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.defend

C.modify

D.define

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。credit信任，歸功于；defend辯護(hù)，防守；modify修改；define定義。

句意：民主政府這個(gè)詞眾所周知的難以定義。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Noonereallyknowswhocomposedthispieceofmusic,butithadbeen（）toBach.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.identified

C.attributed

D.considered

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。associate通常與with搭配,意為"交往,結(jié)合";identifyto"認(rèn)出,識(shí)別";attributeto"歸屬,把……歸于",consider不與to搭配。句意：沒(méi)人知道是誰(shuí)譜寫了這首曲子,但它是巴赫的作品。選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.單選題

Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen’sclothing,butnoneofthem（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hascaughton

B.hascaughthimout

C.hascaughtup

D.takeroots

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)原形是catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；B選項(xiàng)原形是catchout“發(fā)現(xiàn)……有錯(cuò)誤”；C選項(xiàng)原形是catchup“趕上”；D選項(xiàng)takeroots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有幾次嘗試在男裝中引入更鮮艷的顏色和風(fēng)格，但都沒(méi)有流行起來(lái)”。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Hehadthegoodfortuneto（

）withProf.Wangfor3years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.study

B.bestudying

C.havestudied

D.havebeenstudying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for3years”可知該句應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)，故排除AB兩項(xiàng)，學(xué)習(xí)與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：他有幸與王教授一起學(xué)習(xí)了3年。

10.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite（

）thismorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insane

B.lucid

C.patient

D.messy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insane“精神失常的，精神錯(cuò)亂的”；B選項(xiàng)lucid“表達(dá)清楚的，頭腦清晰的，清醒的”；C選項(xiàng)patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D選項(xiàng)messy“骯臟的，凌亂的”。由but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）可知空格處與前面的delirious（極度亢奮的，精神錯(cuò)亂的）意思相反，因此選B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。

11.單選題

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（）afterthefloodin1991.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延緩，推遲”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府幫助下，有很多人在1991年的那場(chǎng)洪澇災(zāi)害中幸存了下來(lái)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。C選項(xiàng)“接種：方法和含義”概括全文大意。其他選項(xiàng)不夠全面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中天花的舉例是在第三段中出現(xiàn)的，第三、四段主要闡述使用疫苗可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效果，而A選項(xiàng)“管理疫苗可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面后果”與文章相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述的是如果接種疫苗，身體可以自然對(duì)抗這種疾病，選項(xiàng)B（很輕松地與之對(duì)抗）正確。

4.推理題。選項(xiàng)B（免疫系統(tǒng)能夠被訓(xùn)練來(lái)抵抗較弱的疾病變體）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨題。本文是科普性文章。所以D項(xiàng)（為了解釋和告知信息）正確。

13.單選題

Ourteacherdidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（

）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inturn

B.athand

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inturn“依次，輪流地”；athand“手頭，在手邊”；inconclusion“綜述，總結(jié)”；atlength“終于，詳盡地”。句意：到目前為止，我們老師沒(méi)有時(shí)間詳細(xì)討論，但他給了我們一個(gè)關(guān)于他計(jì)劃的想法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”；B選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”；C選項(xiàng)productivity“生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)能力”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)，而更多地是一種責(zé)任，這一觀點(diǎn)引起了公眾更多的關(guān)注。本句關(guān)鍵詞liability在句中表示“責(zé)任”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A選項(xiàng)最合適，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert,（）itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)asif“猶如，好似”；B選項(xiàng)evenif“即使；雖然”；C選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”。句意：Rod決心要為音樂(lè)會(huì)弄一個(gè)座位，即使這意味著要排整晚的隊(duì)。由句意可知后面是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故選B。

16.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalmodernistpaintingthatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.文章主旨題。A選項(xiàng)‘界定現(xiàn)代主義者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度‘、B選項(xiàng)’解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的‘和D選項(xiàng)’界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對(duì)待他們藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點(diǎn)，并評(píng)定每種觀點(diǎn)的價(jià)值‘這三項(xiàng)只是文內(nèi)提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C選項(xiàng)’說(shuō)明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進(jìn)程來(lái)觀察‘符合題意。

2.作者觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.顯示出他們對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加給他們的藝術(shù)概念的想當(dāng)然程度:藝術(shù)越好，它對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。所以該題作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是矛盾的，A選項(xiàng)“矛盾的”符合題意。B“機(jī)械的”，C“膚淺的”和D“戲劇性的”與文章不符，排除。

3.語(yǔ)義理解題。作者列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假設(shè)的攝影師,通過(guò)拍照,他們?cè)絹?lái)越遠(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識(shí)緊縮濃度的身體行為繪畫。”所以A選項(xiàng)‘提供一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師一樣，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目標(biāo)‘正確。B、C、D選項(xiàng)與題意不相符，排除。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指責(zé)攝影是沒(méi)有靈魂的、機(jī)械地復(fù)制現(xiàn)實(shí)，攝影師們反駁說(shuō)，攝影是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對(duì)普通視覺(jué)的反抗，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。’確定D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要攝影師不再愿意辯論是否或不是藝術(shù)攝影,除了宣稱自己的工作不涉及藝術(shù),顯示在多大程度上他們只是理所當(dāng)然的概念藝術(shù)由現(xiàn)代主義的勝利:藝術(shù)、越好越顛覆傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)。’確定D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！彼訠選項(xiàng)‘他們的照片不是藝術(shù)的例子，而是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子。’最符合。A，B，C項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。

7.作者觀點(diǎn)題。B選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)只講究細(xì)致而不講究藝術(shù)的工藝”和C選項(xiàng)“復(fù)制現(xiàn)實(shí)的機(jī)械”與作者觀點(diǎn)相悖，排除，D項(xiàng)描述是現(xiàn)代攝影的現(xiàn)狀，排除。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernor’splansforataxcut.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.vulnerable

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】susceptible易受影響的；dubious可疑的,半信半疑的；vulnerable易受攻擊的；deliberate深思熟慮的。句意:公眾對(duì)州長(zhǎng)的減稅計(jì)劃十分懷疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓勵(lì)買者給出更高的價(jià)錢，最后選定出價(jià)最高的這位買。由此可知拍賣品以最高價(jià)賣出。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“這就是‘成交’”和第五句Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因?yàn)楫?dāng)拍賣師用一個(gè)錘子敲擊他面前的小桌子時(shí)，拍賣結(jié)束)。因此D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)用一個(gè)錘子敲擊桌子”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段說(shuō)明了古羅馬人所拍賣物品:TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(羅馬人通常用這種方法出售戰(zhàn)利品)。故選A“繳獲物品，獎(jiǎng)品”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍賣師會(huì)點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭，在蠟燭燃燒的吋候進(jìn)行拍賣活動(dòng))。因此選C“限制拍賣會(huì)競(jìng)價(jià)吋間”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lots定位至第三段:TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍賣師不需要從第一個(gè)序號(hào)開始然后按照順序來(lái),在拍賣師會(huì)在確定對(duì)商品感興趣的買家到來(lái)之后才開始拍賣)。故選B“拍賣師可以依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)知道某些買家想購(gòu)買哪些物品”。

19.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanmanagementisnottraditionallyseenasacentraltothecompetiti