31省市學(xué)位英語網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂講義閱讀理解三四、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步：讀文章的第一句話或者第一段，總結(jié)文章的主題第二步：閱讀試題，找出全部五道試題中的標(biāo)志詞或關(guān)鍵詞。然后根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞或關(guān)鍵詞對每一道試題在文章中的位置進(jìn)行定位。第三步：對比四個選項選出正確答案。例17：（1）Muchunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputershasbeenbasedonthefearofwidespreadunemploymentresultingfromtheirintroduction.Computersareoftenusedaspartofautomatedproductionsystemsrequiringaleastpossiblenumberofoperators,causingthelossofmanyjobs.Thishashappened,forexample,inmanysteelworks.Ontheotherhand,computersdocreatejobs.（2）Theyaremoreskilledandbetterpaid,thoughfewerinnumberthanthosetheyreplace.（3）Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithoutcomputers,nomatterhowmanypeopleareemployed.Examplesarethecheckclearingsystemofmajorbanksandtheweatherforecastingsystem.Whenafirmintroducescomputers,afewpeopleareusuallyemployedinkeyposts（suchasjobsofoperationsmanagers）whileotherstaffarere-trainedasoperators,programmers,anddatapreparationstaff.Afterthenewsystemhassettleddownpeopleinnon-computerjobsarenotalwaysreplacedwhentheyleave,resultinginadecreaseinthenumberofemployees.（4）Thisdecreaseissometimesbalancedbyasubstantialincreaseintheactivityofthefirm,resultingfromtheintroductionofcomputers.Theattitudesofworkerstowardscomputersvary.Thereisfearofwidespreadunemploymentandofthetakeoverofmanyjobsbycomputer-trainedworkers,makingpromotionforolderworkersnotskilledincomputersmoredifficult.Ontheotherhand,manyworkersregardthetrendtowardwideruseofcomputersinevitable.Theyrealizethatcomputersbringaboutgreaterefficiencyandproductivity,whichwillimprovetheconditionofthewholeeconomy,andleadtothecreationofmorejobs.ThisviewwassupportedbytheformerBritishPrimeMinister,JamesCallaghanin1979,whenhemadethepointthatnewtechnologiesholdthekeytoincreasedproductivity,whichwillbenefittheeconomyinthelongrun.1.Theunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputersisdevelopedfrom__________________．A.thepossiblewidespreadunemploymentcausedbytheirintroductionB.theiruseaspartofautomatedproductionsystemsC.theleastpossiblenumberofoperatorsD.theproductionsysteminsteelworks【答案】A2.Theunderlinedword“They”（Line1,Par.2）refersto_________________．A.computersB.jobsC.activitiesD.systems【答案】A3.AccordingtoParagraph2,withoutcomputers_______________．A.humanactivitiescouldnotcontinueB.therecouldnotbeweatherforecastingsystemsC.manyactivitieswouldhavetochangetheirpresentformD.bankswouldnotbeabletogoonwithcheckclearing【答案】C4.Accordingtothepassage,whatresultsfromtheintroductionofcomputers？A.Afterre-training,allemployeesinthefirmgetnewjobs.B.Aconsiderableproportionofpeopleareemployedinkeyposts.C.Thefirmkeepsallofitsoriginalstaffmembers.D.Thedecreaseinstaffmembersmaybebalancedbytheincreaseoffirmactivities.【答案】D5.JamesCallaghan'sattitudetowardscomputerscanbebestdescribedas__________．A.doubtfulB.regretfulC.unfriendlyD.supportive【答案】D例18：Televisionhasopenedwindowsineverybody’slife.（1）Youngmenwillneveragaingotowarastheydidin1914.Millionsofpeoplenowhaveseentheeffectsofabattle.Andtheresulthasbeenageneraldislikeofwar,andperhapsmoreinterestinhelpingthosewhosufferfromalltheterriblethingsthathavebeenshownonthescreen.（2）Televisionhasalsochangedpolitics.Themostdistantareascannowfollowstateaffairs,seeandhearthepoliticiansbeforeanelection.Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelytovote,andsotomaketheiropinioncount.（3）Unfortunately,television’sinfluencehasbeenextremelyharmfultotheyoung.ChildrendonothaveenoughexperiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisementslietosellproductsthataresometimesbadoruseless.（4A）Theybelievethattheviolencetheyseeisnormalandacceptable.(4D)Alleducatorsagreethatthe“televisiongenerations”aremoreviolentthantheirparentsandgrandparents.Also,theyoungarelesspatient.UsedtoTVshows,whereeverythingisquickandinteresting,(4C)theydonothavethepatiencetoreadanarticlewithoutpictures;toreadabookthatrequiresthinking;tolistentoateacherwhodoesn’tdofunnythingslikethepeopleonchildren'sprograms.Andtheyexpectallproblemstobesolvedhappilyinten,fifteen,orthirtyminutes.That’sthetimeittakesonthescreen.1.Inthepast,manyyoungpeople__________.A.knewtheeffectsofwar B.wentinforpoliticsC.likedtosavethewoundedinwars D.werewillingtobesoldiers【答案】D2.NowwithTVpeoplecan__________.A.discusspoliticsataninformationcenter B.showmoreinterestinpoliticsC.maketheirowndecisionsonpoliticalaffairs D.expresstheiropinionsfreely【答案】B3.TheauthorthinksthatTVadvertisements__________.A.arenotreliableonthewhole B.areuselesstopeopleC.areagoodguidetoadultsD.areveryharmfultotheyoung【答案】D4.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplehavebecomeusedtocrimesnow. B.WithaTVsetsomeproblemscanbesolvedquickly.C.Peoplenowliketoreadbookswithpictures.D.Theadultsarelessviolentthantheyoung.【答案】B5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat__________.A.childrenshouldkeepawayfromTV B.TVprogramsshouldbeimprovedC.children’sbooksshouldhavepictures D.TVhasadeepinfluenceontheyoung【答案】D※考試中遇到的問題及其解決辦法※問題1：讀懂了問題，找到了試題中的關(guān)鍵詞，但找不到試題在文章中的位置。原因：出題人對試題的提干進(jìn)行了改寫，沒有使用文章中的原句，而是對主要的單詞進(jìn)行了同義詞替換。答題方法：注意試題里面的關(guān)鍵詞，再在文章中尋找是否出現(xiàn)了它的同義詞；同時使用模糊定位法，因為試題的順序和文章的順序是一致的。例19：Ihearmanyparentscomplainthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingaway,fromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourownfeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareholdingoneanother'shandsforreassurance（放心）。Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Buttheyallenduplisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginsuchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon（繭）intoalargercocoon.Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutamarketforteenagers.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Thisisagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoaparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon'tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome——withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That'stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.1.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,butinfactmostofthem________.A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachotherB.lackconfidenceC.darenotcopewithanyproblemsaloneD.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost【答案】B問題2：讀懂了問題，但是四個選項中的單詞沒有一個認(rèn)識。答題方法：四個選項中，如果有一個選項出現(xiàn)在了文章中，這個選項就是正確答案。例20：Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewerebroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressed(緊抱的)flowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorldWarIwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal-clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsandaboveall,theinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoil,readingaboutotherpeople’sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle(謎)，becauseitallseemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonorwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist;oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistcanbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.1.Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe________.A.fullofenthusiasmB.self-disciplinedC.fullofambitionD.knowledgeable【答案】A例21：Blindpeoplecan“see”thingsbyusingotherpartsoftheirbodies.Thisfactmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Ifblindpeoplecansensecolordifferences,thenperhapswe,too,areaffectedbycolorunconsciously(無意識地).Manufacturers(生產(chǎn)商)havediscoveredbyexperiencethatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings,thatbluefoodsareconsideredunpleasant,andthatcosmetics(\o"化妝品"化妝品)shouldneverbepackagedinbrown.Thesediscoverieshavegrownintoabranchofcolorpsychology.Colorpsychologynowfindsapplicationineverythingfromfashiontodecoration.Someofourpreferencesareclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyandthereforeassociatedwithcalm,whileyellowisadaycolorwithassociationsofenergyandincentive(刺激).Foraprimitiveman,activityduringthedaymeanthuntingandattacking,whilehesoonsawredasthecolorofbloodandangerandtheheatthatcamewitheffort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassivedefenseandself-protection.Experimentshaveshownthatcolors,partlybecauseoftheirpsychologicalassociations,alsohaveadirectpsychologicaleffect.Peopleexposedtobrightredshowanincreaseinbreath,inheartbeatandinbloodpressure;redisexciting.Similarexposuretopurebluehasexactlytheoppositeeffect;itisacalmingcolor.Becauseofitsexcitingmeaning,redischosenasthesignalfordanger,butcloseranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproduceamorebasicstateofalarm.Sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenowrushingaroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.1.Ourpreferencesforcertaincolorsare_______accordingtothepassage.A.associatedwiththetimeoftheday B.dependentonourpersonalitiesC.arelinkedwithourancestors D.partlyduetopsychologicalfactors【答案】D問題3：試題根本就沒有找到在原文中的問題，只有猜答案了，如何猜？答題方法:了解文章的中心思想，選擇一個和文章的中心思想相關(guān)的選項。例22：AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor.HegaveusanexampleoftheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.Onemandrawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,andafifthgivesitahead.Justtomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedifferentoperations.Theworkofmakingpinsisdividedintoabouteighteendifferentoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4800pinsaworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,theycertainlycouldnothavemadetwentypinsinadayandnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthis,buthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentanditaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor__________.A.enabledeachworkertodesignpinsmorequicklyB.increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced【答案】B五、閱讀理解文章的出題點在讀文章的過程中，有些句子常常成為出題的重點，如果我們在閱讀文章的過程中對這些句子加以重點閱讀，對試題的解答就能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。閱讀理解文章的重點和出題點體現(xiàn)在：文章的第一段的開頭句和最后一段的結(jié)尾句?？嘉恼碌拈_頭句重要，因為它可能是文章的中心句或中心思想文章的結(jié)尾句重要，因為它是文章的結(jié)論、結(jié)果、要求、產(chǎn)生的影響、后果或全篇的概括。例23：Weusebothwordsandgesturestoexpressourfeelings,buttheproblemisthatthesewordsandgesturescanbeunderstoodindifferentways.Itistruethatasmilemeansthesamethinginanylanguage.Sodoeslaughterorcrying.Therearealsoanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesinthewaydifferentanimalsshowthesamefeelings.Dogs,tigersandhumans,forexample,oftenshowtheirteethwhentheyareangry.Thisisprobablybecausetheyarebornwiththosebehaviorpatterns.Fearisanotheremotionthatisshowninmuchthesamewayallovertheworld.InChineseandinEnglishliterature,aphraselike"hewentpaleandbegintotremble"suggeststhatthemaniseitherveryafraidorhehasjustgotaverybigshock.However,“heopenedhiseyeswide"isusedtosuggestangerinChinesewhereasinEnglishitmeanssurprise.InChinese"surprise"canbedescribedinaphraselike'theystretchedouttheirtongues!'StickingoutyourtongueinEnglishisaninsultinggestureorexpressesstrongdislike.Eveninthesameculture,peopledifferinabilitytounderstandandexpressfeelings.ExperimentsinAmericahaveshownthatwomenareusuallybetterthanmenatrecognizingfear,anger,loveandhappinessonpeople'sfaces.Otherstudiesshowthatolderpeopleusuallyfinditeasiertorecognizeorunderstandbodylanguagethanyoungerpeopledo.1.Accordingtothepassage,________.A.wecanhardlyunderstandwhatpeople'sgesturesmeanB.wecannotoftenbesurewhatpeoplemeanwhentheydescribetheirfeelingsinwordsorgesturesC.wordscanbebetterunderstoodbyolderpeopleD.gesturescanbeunderstoodbymostofthepeoplewhilewordscannot【答案】B例24：Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?Wecanonlymakeaguess,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday.Formanisslowlychangingallthetime.Letustakeanobviousexample.Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheistoday.Now,onaverage,menareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftime,sowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.

Again,inthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evenso,westillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain’scapacity.Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore,andeventuallyweshallneedlargerones.Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetothehead,inparticulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infact,weusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman’seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhand,wetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.These,asaresult,arelikelytogrowweaker.Atthesametime,however,ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.Butwhatabouthair?Itwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuture,then,bothsexesarelikelytobebald.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat.Thismaywellbetrue.Allthesame,inspiteofallthesechanges,futuremanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeing,withthoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.1.Thepassagetellsusabout________.A.howman'slifewillbeinthefutureB.howfuturemanwilllooklikeC.thefactthatman'sorganswillfunctiondifferentlyinthefutureD.thefactthatmanisgrowinguglierastimepasses【答案】B2）因果句和條件句?？济}者常以文中的因果關(guān)系句出題，考查文中兩個事件之間內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系，很多以因果關(guān)系為考點的題目，會在原文中出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的提示詞，常用的有以下這些：表示原因的如：for,since,as,because,owingto表示結(jié)果的如：hence,thus,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,asaresult,so,consequently表示因果關(guān)系的動詞短語:cause(導(dǎo)致),leadto(導(dǎo)致),bringabout(導(dǎo)致),resultin(導(dǎo)致),contributeto(導(dǎo)致),liein(導(dǎo)致),resultfrom(因為),bebasedon(因為),liein(因為)總結(jié)性詞組allthis，thatiswhy，forthesereasons。表示條件的如：if,onconditionthat,providedthat,providingthat例25：Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?（2）Wecanonlymakeaguess,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday.Formanisslowlychangingallthetime.Letustakeanobviousexample.Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheistoday.Now,onaverage,menareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftime,sowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.

Again,inthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evenso,westillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain’scapacity.（1）Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore,andeventuallyweshallneedlargerones.Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetothehead,inparticulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infact,weusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman’seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhand,wetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.These,asaresult,arelikelytogrowweaker.Atthesametime,however,ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.Butwhatabouthair?Itwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuture,then,bothsexesarelikelytobebald.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat.Thismaywellbetrue.Allthesame,inspiteofallthesechanges,futuremanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeing,withthoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.1.Man’sforeheadwillgrowlargerbecause________.A.hewilluseonlyabout20%ofthebrain'scapacityB.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeC.hehadrathernarrowforeheadafewhundredyearsagoD.hewillhavetousehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson【答案】D2.Thereasonforbelievingthatfuturemanwillbedifferentisthathe________.

A.isalwaysgrowing B.hopesforachangeC.neverstopschanging D.willliveadifferentlife【答案】C例26：Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家).Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.Tofeedalargepopulation,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation.Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopeforspecializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem. （2）Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworld-widebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodandrawmaterials.Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandedpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood,spaceandnaturalresources,itwillbethefirstconcernofgovernmenttoplacealimitonthebirthrate,whatevertheconsequencesmaybe.Inthehighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex.（1）Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods.Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclines,pricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened.Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthese,thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline.1.Inadevelopedcountry,peoplewillperhapsgooutofworkifthebirthrate_______.A.goesup

B.isdecreasing

C.remainsstable

Disoutofcontrol【答案】B2.Itisnoeasyjobtocarryoutageneralplanforbirthcontrolthroughouttheworldbecause______.A.therearetoomanyunderdevelopedcountriesintheworld

B.underdevelopedcountrieshavelowlevelofindustrialdevelopmentC.differentgovernmentshavedifferentviewsabouttheproblemD.evendevelopedcountriesmayhavecomplexproblems【答案】C3）轉(zhuǎn)折句?？家话愣?，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語義的重點，命題者常對轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過but,nevertheless,however,yet,otherwise,unfortunately,infact等詞或短語來引導(dǎo)。例27：Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economicsandwar.（1）Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotionsandpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.（2）Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective(主觀的):itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly“political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay,1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsabuse(濫用)ofpoweroverpeople.Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousarthadbeenalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdescribedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandtheBiblestoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatues(雕像)arenotholy.1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecause________.A.arthistoryshowsusnothingbutthepoliticalvaluesB.generalhistoryonlyfocusesonpoliticsC.arthistorygivesusaninsight(洞察力)intotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplaceD.generalhistoryconcernsonlyreligiousbeliefs,emotionsandpsychology【答案】C2.Artissubjectiveinthat________.A.apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughitB.itonlyreflectspeople’sangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblemsC.itcaneasilyarousepeople’sangerabouttheirgovernmentD.artistswereorarereligious,whoreflectonlythereligiousaspectofthesociety【答案】A4）舉例子的地方常考為了使自己的觀點更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as,suchas,forexample,forinstance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點。涉及例子的題目，通常是問某個例子說明什么。此時原文中的例子本身往往可以跳過不看，只需關(guān)注例子前后總結(jié)說明性的句子，因為舉例只是給一定的觀點提供證據(jù)而已。例28：Manisalandanimal,butheisalsocloselytiedtothesea.Throughouthistorytheseahasservedtheneedsofman.Theseahasprovidedmanwithfoodandaconvenientwaytotraveltomanypartsoftheworld.Today,expertsbelievethatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationlivewithineightykilometersoftheseacoast.Inthemoderntechnologicalworldtheseaoffersmanyresourcestohelpmankindsurvive.Resourcesonlandarebeginningtogrowless.Thesea,however,stilloffershopetosupplymanyofman’sneedsinthefuture.Therichesoftheseayettobedevelopedbyman’stechnologyareimpressive.Oila