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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAgain.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays.“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose______.

2.AccordingtoFozard’sargumentpeoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby______.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork______.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto______.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds

問題2選項

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項

A.remainatheorytofurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengesthroughspecifictraining

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項

A.Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.

B.Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

C.Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.

D.Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.(研究人員已經(jīng)確定,當(dāng)人們動腦時,大腦中會發(fā)生化學(xué)變化,使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用。)和第二段第一句Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.(當(dāng)人們面對的信息能讓他們思考自己感興趣的事情時,他們會變得警覺和容易接受。),說明認(rèn)識健康的人大腦在注意力和記憶等感知區(qū)域的活動更加增強(qiáng),變得警覺和容易接受。因此C選項“大腦是警覺的容易接受的”正確。A選項“能記住大量信息的人”,B選項“具有高度智慧的人”,D選項“善于辨別不同聲音的人”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.(福扎德和其他人說,他們用不同的腦力技能挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦,既是因為他們喜歡這些技能,也是因為他們確信他們的一系列活動將有助于他們大腦的工作方式。),說明福扎德認(rèn)為腦力活動可以幫助大腦更有效地工作。因此B選項“參加各種腦力活動”正確。A選項“不斷做記憶工作”,由原文Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation(關(guān)鍵并不一定是學(xué)會記憶大量的信息)可知,福扎德認(rèn)為沒有必要持續(xù)做記憶方面的活動,所以A錯誤。C選項“經(jīng)歷特定的訓(xùn)練”,由原文Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.(這種特定的訓(xùn)練不如能夠保持精神上的警覺性來得有意義。)可知,福扎德認(rèn)為這種特定的訓(xùn)練也沒有必要,所以C錯誤。D選項“經(jīng)常進(jìn)行調(diào)整”在文中沒有提及,所以D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.(許多專家對挑戰(zhàn)大腦的好處深信不疑,以至于他們將這一理論運(yùn)用到自己的生活中。),說明科學(xué)家們自己也正在把這種理論付諸實踐。因此D選項“被研究人員自己所實踐”正確。A選項“仍然是一種有待進(jìn)一步證明的理論”,B選項“受到了許多其他專家的質(zhì)疑”,由原文可知這個理論已經(jīng)被許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)可,所以A,B錯誤。C選項“已被普遍接受”,原文沒有說該理論是否被廣泛接受,所以C錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage(科恩說,隨著年齡的增長,我們經(jīng)常被建議保持體育鍛煉),說明多做體育活動是對老年人的一個普遍建議。因此A選項“通過參加體育活動來保持身體健康”正確。B選項“通過特定的訓(xùn)練來應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn),保持思維活躍”,C選項“通過特定的訓(xùn)練保持精神上的警覺性”,D選項“保持個人和集體活動的平衡”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章闡述了除了體育活動,人們還應(yīng)多參加腦力活動,保持思維的活力。因此B選項“為什么人們不僅在身體上而且在精神上都應(yīng)該保持活躍”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“人腦中的生化變化是如何發(fā)生的”,C選項“智力活動如何影響腦細(xì)胞的健康”在文中沒有提及,所以A,C錯誤。D選項“為什么人們在年老時應(yīng)接受特殊的腦力訓(xùn)練”只是文章的一個方面,不能全面地概括文章主旨,所以D錯誤。

2.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais(

)withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項scattered“分散的,散亂的”;B選項overflowed“溢出的”;C選項permeated“滲透,彌漫”,bepermeatedwith洋溢著;D選項manipulated“操作”。句意:在中國的外國學(xué)生洋溢著大量的中國文化氣息。選項C更符合語境。

3.單選題

Helencouldnothelpfeelingantipathytowardherfather’snewwifewhomhemarriedjusttwomonthsafterthedeathofHelen’smother.

問題1選項

A.sympathy

B.concession

C.compassion

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項sympathy“同情(強(qiáng)調(diào)共同分擔(dān),進(jìn)而對某種經(jīng)歷或遭遇引起共鳴);慰問;贊同”;B選項concession“讓步;特許(權(quán));承認(rèn);退位”;C選項compassion“同情(強(qiáng)調(diào)由于理解而同情,并主動給予幫助,常常指通過自身痛苦或不幸而同情別人);憐憫”;D選項hostility“敵意;戰(zhàn)爭行動”。句意:海倫對她父親的新妻子不禁感到反感,她父親在海倫的母親去世僅僅兩個月后就娶了她。本句關(guān)鍵詞antipathy表示“反感;厭惡;憎惡;不相容”,四個選項中D選項最合適,因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Themeetingwas()overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

問題1選項

A.propelled

B.picked

C.postponed

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項propel“推進(jìn),驅(qū)使”,B選項pick“挑選,采摘”,pickover“擇優(yōu),分檔挑選”;C選項postpone“延遲,緩辦”;D選項preside“主持”,presideover“主持,負(fù)責(zé)”。句意:會議由市長主持,討論城市稅收增加問題。由選項意思和固定搭配可知,D選項符合句意。

5.單選題

Everybabybornadecadefromnowwillhaveitsgeneticcodemappedatbirth,agenomesequencingcompanyhaspredicted.

AcompleteDNAread-outforeverynewbornwillbetechnicallyfeasibleandaffordableinlessthanfiveyears,promisingarevolutioninhealthcare,saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina.

Thiswillopenanewapproachtomedicine,bywhichconditionssuchasdiabetesandheartdiseasecanbepredictedanddrugsprescribedmoresafelyandeffectively.

Thedevelopment,however,willraisedifficultquestionsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.Manypeoplemaybereluctanttohavetheirgenomeread,forfearthattheresultscouldbeusedagainstthembyanemployerorinsurancecompany.

Theprospectofgenomescreeningforallhasemergedbecauseoftheplummetingcostoftherelevanttechnology.

TheHumanGenomeProject,whichpublisheditsfirstroughsequenceofmankind’sgeneticcodein2001,costanestimated$4billion.BythetimethescientistsJamesWatsonandCraigVenterhadtheirgenomesmappedtwoyearsago,thecosthadfallentoabout$1m.

Lastmonth,IlluminaannouncedadealwithaBritishcompanythatisdevelopinganewapproachtosequencingthatcouldbringcostsdownfurther.InaninterviewwithTheTimes,Dr.Flatleysaidagenomesequenceshouldbeavailableforlessthan$1,000inthreetofouryears.

“Thelimitationsaresociological;whenandwherepeoplethinkitcanbeapplied,theconcernspeoplehaveaboutmisinformationandthebackgroundethicsquestions.”

“Ithinkthoseareactuallygoingtobethelimitsthatpushitouttoaten-yeartimeframe,”headded.

Byexaminingwhichgeneticvariantsapersonhasinherited,itispossibletoidentifyraisedrisksofdevelopinganarrayofconditions,includingcardiovasculardiseaseandmanycancers.Thoseathighriskcanthenbescreenedmoreregularly,orgivendrugsordietaryadvicetolowertheirchancesofbecomingill.

Personalgenomesequencing,however,willraiselegitimateconcernsaboutprivacy,“Badthingscanbedonewiththegenome.Itcouldpredictsomethingaboutsomeone—andyoucouldpotentiallyhandinformationtotheiremployerortheirinsurancecompany,”saidDr.Flatley,“Legislationhastobepassed.”

Completegeneticprivacy,however,wasunlikelytobepossible,headded.

“Peoplehavetorecognizethatthishorseisoutofthebarn,andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.”

Asthebenefitsbecomeclearer,however,hebelievesthatmostpeoplewillwanttheirgenomesreadandinterpreted.Theapparentbenefitswouldsooneclipsethehazards.

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?

問題1選項

A.lawswillallowit

B.itwillcostless

C.employerswillwelcomeit

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcare

問題2選項

A.Intwoorthreeyears.

B.Infive-yeartime.

C.Inabouttenyears.

D.Inthreeorfouryears.

問題3選項

A.events

B.limitations

C.diseases

D.situations

問題4選項

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.

問題5選項

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項釋義】

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.26.完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的,因為______。

A.lawswillallowitA.法律允許這樣做

B.itwillcostlessB.它將花費(fèi)更少

C.employerswillwelcomeitC.雇主會歡迎它

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcareD.這是醫(yī)療保健的一場革命

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段“在不到五年的時間里,為每個新生兒讀取完整的DNA在技術(shù)上是可行的,也將是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的(affordable),這預(yù)示著醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的一場革命(arevolutioninhealthcare)”,從affordable一詞可知,完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的是因為公眾能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起。故選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

D選項并不是其原因,而是其性質(zhì),該項屬于出處錯位。

27.【選項釋義】

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?27.根據(jù)弗拉特利博士,基因組篩查何時才能真正應(yīng)用于公眾?

A.Intwoorthreeyears.A.兩三年內(nèi)。

B.Infive-yeartime.B.五年內(nèi)。

C.Inabouttenyears.C.大約十年內(nèi)。

D.Inthreeorfouryears.D.三四年內(nèi)。

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文章第七段提到“在三到四年內(nèi),一個基因組序列將以低于1000美元的價格面世”,可知,三到四年內(nèi)基因組篩查就可以應(yīng)用于公眾;然而根據(jù)第九段“我認(rèn)為這些實際上(actually)是將它推到十年期限的限制”,其中“限制”指的是第八段提到的“人們對錯誤信息的擔(dān)憂以及背景倫理問題”,從中可知,因為一些社會限制,基因組篩查將推遲到十年的期限,其中原文中的actually一詞正好與題干相對應(yīng)。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項定位到原文第二段“Illumina首席執(zhí)行官表示(saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina),在不到五年的時間里(inlessthanfiveyears),為每個新生兒進(jìn)行完整的DNA讀取在技術(shù)上是可行的,而且是可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起的,有望在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域掀起一場革命”可知五年內(nèi)的這一時間觀點是Illumina首席執(zhí)行官所認(rèn)為的內(nèi)容,不是題干所問弗拉特利博士的觀點,屬于張冠李戴;

D選項并不是實際上能夠應(yīng)用于公眾的時間,屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.28.文中下劃線的“conditions”很可能是______的意思。

A.eventsA.事件

B.limitationsB.限制

C.diseasesC.疾病

D.situationsD.狀況,情境

【考查點】詞義推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)conditions定位至倒數(shù)第五段第一句“通過檢查一個人遺傳了哪些基因變異,有可能確定一系列conditions的風(fēng)險增加,包括(including)心血管疾病和許多癌癥”,由including可知,心血管疾病和許多癌癥是包括在conditions之內(nèi)的,而心血管疾病和許多癌癥屬于疾病,所以推測conditions在這里是指“疾病”的意思。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文,屬于曲解原文。

29.【選項釋義】

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?29.與個人基因組測序相關(guān)的“壞事”可能是什么?

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.A.泄露公司秘密。

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.B.預(yù)測一個人的性格。

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.C.心血管疾病的發(fā)展。

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.D.侵犯他人隱私。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)badthing定位至倒數(shù)第四段第一句“然而,個人基因組測序?qū)⒁饘﹄[私(privacy)的合理擔(dān)憂,基因組可以做‘壞事’”,結(jié)合第二句“它可以預(yù)測一個人的一些事情,你可能會把信息交給他們的雇主或保險公司”,可知,“壞事”是指基因組可以預(yù)測一個人的一些事情,并且這些信息將會被賣給雇主或保險公司,這些信息屬于個人隱私,所以“badthing”指的是侵犯個人隱私。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項沒提到,屬于無中生有;

B、C選項不夠全面,屬于以偏概全。

30.【選項釋義】

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?30.弗拉特利博士如何看待基因組篩查?

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.A.它的優(yōu)點多于缺點。

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.B.它對那些疾病風(fēng)險高的嬰兒有益。

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.C.它會損害人們的隱私。

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.D.它將幫助雇主選擇優(yōu)秀的候選人。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一段“然而,他相信,隨著好處越來越明顯,大多數(shù)人會希望自己的基因組被解讀和解釋。顯而易見的好處很快就會蓋過(eclipse)危險。”可知,盡管基因組篩查會帶來隱私泄露的危險,但是它的好處很快就會蓋過它的壞處,A項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B、D選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項雖然有提到,但是并不全面,屬于以偏概全。

6.翻譯題

研究人員稱,遠(yuǎn)程辦公等彈性工作模式有益于身體健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),如果人們有條件在家工作,壓縮工作周的時間,那他們就可以選擇更為健康的生活方式,鍛煉身體的機(jī)會增多,睡眠也會更好。

可能彈性工作模式讓人們能有更充裕的時間來實現(xiàn)健康的生活方式,或者是它讓人們能更好的安排自己的時間。彈性工作制最初是為了幫助人們(尤其是女性)同時兼顧工作和家庭,但有關(guān)證據(jù)表明這顯然不僅僅是女性的問題。

研究人員對一家大型醫(yī)藥公司職員的“健康風(fēng)險評估”進(jìn)行了分析,職員涉及倉儲,生產(chǎn)和管理等多個不同的崗位。

一名研究人員說:“這不僅僅針對管理層,而是涉及到公司各個崗位的員工。”他說,該研究能讓衛(wèi)生部門和相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)識到,給員工更多的自由其實能帶來很多益處。但他也說,要評估彈性工作制的長期益處還需要開展進(jìn)一步研究。

【答案】Aflexibleworklifesuchastelecommutingisgoodforourhealth,researcherssaid.Theyfoundthatifpeoplehavetheabilitytoworkathomeandtocompressworkweeks,theyaremorelikelytomakehealthierlifestylechoices,toexercisemoreandtosleepbetter.

Perhapsitgivespeoplethetimetofitinhealthierlifestyleintotheireverydayregimenormaybeitjustenablespeopletobettermanagetheirtime.Whiletheprimarypurposebehindtheflexibilitymovementwastohelppeople,especiallywomen,combineworkandfamily,evidencesuggeststhisisclearlynotonlyawomen'sissue.

TheresearchersanalyzeHealthRiskAppraisalsfromemployeesinjobsrangingfromwarehouseandproductionworkerstoexecutivesatalargemultinationalpharmaceuticalcompany.

"It'snotjustaboutmanagement,"saysoneresearcher."It'saboutpeopleineverypositioninthecompany."Hesaidthestudycouldhelphealthdepartmentsandagenciesrealizethatgivingworkersmorefreedomcouldhavemanybenefits.But,headded,furtherresearchwasneededtoassessthelong-termbenefits.

7.單選題

Heattendstothe(

)ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易,業(yè)務(wù)”;transition“過渡,轉(zhuǎn)變”;transmission“傳送,播送”;transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意:他親自參與重要的商務(wù)會議。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.

問題1選項

A.runout

B.bringabout

C.putthrough

D.carryon

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.runout用完;到期B.bringabout引起

C.putthrough給……接通電話;使……遭受D.carryon繼續(xù);從事;進(jìn)行

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意:再過一個星期,合同就……。根據(jù)句意,可以推測,再過一個星期,有效的合同就到期結(jié)束了。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B、C選項均不符合句意;

D選項,這里指的是合同再過一個星期就到期了,而不是合同繼續(xù),該選項不符合邏輯。

【句意】再過一個星期合同就到期了。

9.單選題

Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do,andhasneverhaditsogood.

Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticaldatarevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoffstreetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcars,andparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionhasbecomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironment,andstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“l(fā)andvalue”.Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrowth.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersections,which,inturn,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytore-planthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”O(jiān)neoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocess.Ifwewanttoplaneffectively,wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown.Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.Manwillhavetosetthetarget,and,usingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill,takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

27.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan______.

28.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity______.

29.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay______.

30.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust______.

問題1選項

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocrat

問題2選項

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

問題3選項

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

問題4選項

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

問題5選項

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.(現(xiàn)代城市對人類的悲劇性影響扼殺了人的審美意識。),說明過去的人是擁有審美意識的,但是被現(xiàn)代城市扼殺了。因此B選項“有較強(qiáng)的審美意識”正確。A選項“比較注重物質(zhì)利益”,C選項“對科技的發(fā)展有更大的愿望”,D選項“享有更多的自由和民主”,由原文可知,這是現(xiàn)代人的特點,所以A,C,D錯誤。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.(富裕社會的物質(zhì)利益將人的注意力從城市及其文化潛力轉(zhuǎn)移到了科技產(chǎn)品上:洗衣機(jī)、中央供暖系統(tǒng)、自動炊具、電視機(jī)、電腦和地毯。)和第二段第一句Heisreluctanttowalk.(人不愿意走路。),說明高度發(fā)達(dá)的科技讓人類越來越依賴各種科技產(chǎn)品,不愿意自己動手。因此C選項“過度依賴外部援助”正確。A選項“越來越勤勞”,B選項“從不便中解放出來”,D選項“能夠保存自己的體力”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯誤。

28.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第五、六句Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.(這種投機(jī)的方式和人口增長的壓力導(dǎo)致了城市的“垂直”增長,其結(jié)果是人們被迫調(diào)整自己,以適應(yīng)擁堵,以維持這些相對人為的土地價值。矛盾的是,消除擁堵的補(bǔ)救辦法是制造更多的擁堵。),說明土地價值的大幅提升是人為的、沒有意義的。因此C選項“是人為的,沒有意義的,令人討厭”正確。A選項“是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的好結(jié)果”,B選項“為土地商提供了更多的機(jī)會”,D選項“幸運(yùn)地導(dǎo)致了城市的垂直發(fā)展”都是形容積極的結(jié)果,而原文表達(dá)的是消極的意思,所以A,B,D錯誤。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.(部分分散化,或者說是偽分散化,以大型開發(fā)單位的形式遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)的城鎮(zhèn)中心,只是將疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到城鎮(zhèn)的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)上:如果不與城鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)的改造相結(jié)合,就無法治愈疾病。),說明大城市向遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)擴(kuò)展,并不會解決大城市的交通擁堵問題,反而會給郊區(qū)也帶來交通擁堵問題。因此C選項“給郊區(qū)帶來同樣的擁堵問題”正確。A選項“解決城市擁堵問題”,B選項“導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)的改造”,D選項“需要減少對土地的投資”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯誤。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第四句Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.(在這個過程中,我們不能忘記城市是由人建造的,城市的形態(tài)應(yīng)該服從于人的意志。),說明作者認(rèn)為城市的改造必須以人類為中心。因此B選項“以人為本,而不是以經(jīng)濟(jì)為中心”正確。A選項“把造福子孫后代放在首位”,C選項“對土地所有者有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”在文中沒有提及,所以A,C錯誤。D選項“訴諸科學(xué)方法”,由原文可知,作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)方法只是一種工具,人類必須自行承擔(dān)環(huán)境的最終塑造工作,所以D錯誤。

10.單選題

Rapidenergyconsumptionwillnotonly()theenvironment,butalsotriggerserioussocialproblems.

問題1選項

A.extract

B.spoil

C.dispose

D.deteriorate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。extract“提??;提煉”;spoil“糟蹋;溺愛;dispose“處理;處置;安排”;deteriorate“惡化”。句意:能源迅速消耗不僅會使環(huán)境惡化,還會引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的社會問題。只有D項符合句意,故答案D。

11.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問題1選項

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問題2選項

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

問題3選項

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

問題4選項

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

問題5選項

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是什么?”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.(但越來越多的中間派和右翼億萬富翁開始擔(dān)心收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運(yùn)),可知當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運(yùn),所以C項“財富分配的不平等”正確。A項“超級富豪的命運(yùn)”和D項“左翼和右翼之間的沖突”在文中沒有提到;B項“中產(chǎn)階級的解體”太片面,美國富人擔(dān)心的是國家與中產(chǎn)階級的核心交易的瓦解。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

62.推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從MortimerZuckerman的悲嘆中學(xué)到了什么?”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段,原文提到Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.(我們的大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)收益都流向了收入階梯最頂端的人;相比之下,工薪階層家庭的平均收入?yún)s連續(xù)5年下降),可推斷,盡管國家財富增長,但大多流向了收入最頂端的人,大部分的美國人得到的越來越少,故D項“大多數(shù)美國人從國家不斷增長的財富中獲益甚少”正確,由此也可知A項“許多中等收入家庭未能爭取到更好的福利”錯誤;第三段最后一句講到TensofmillionsofAmerican

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