書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t（）fromtellingthemwhathethought.

問題1選項

A.holdoff

B.holdon

C.holdback

D.holdup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意為“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生氣，忍不住把自己的想法告訴了他們?！边x項C符合句意。

2.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalosswhattodo.

問題1選項

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項inorder“有序的，整齊的”；B選項inplace“合適的，在合適的位置，執(zhí)行的，設(shè)立的”；C選項inneed“需要……的，需要幫忙的”；D選項introuble“有麻煩”。句意：在沒有（）明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時不知所措。A、C和D選項明顯不符合題意，因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項surely“當(dāng)然；無疑；堅定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項eventually“最后，終于”；C選項precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

5.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問題1選項

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計劃等）失敗”；B選項absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C選項abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長的時間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻給了這個理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

6.單選題

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

問題1選項

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很嚴重的錯誤，會受到嚴厲的責(zé)罰，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃離。

7.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問題1選項

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項decrease“減??；減少”；C選項ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進入了一個仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

8.單選題

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

問題1選項

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的狀語。在整個句子中，過去時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語動詞上，根據(jù)語境，沒有時間趕上最后一班公交車，表明橫線部分為目的狀語，不需要體現(xiàn)時態(tài)，所以A選項tohavecaught和D選項havingcaught不符合題意，同時sb.havetime后面的目的狀語用todo，所以B選項tocatch符合題意。C選項catching表示伴隨狀態(tài)，不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

問題1選項

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項動詞hide“隱藏”，B項動詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項動詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項正確。

10.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

11.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shemarriedbecauseofloneliness.

B.Shemarriedamillionaire.

C.Shemarriedformoney.

D.Shemarriedforlove.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Cindyjustgotdivorced.

M:Sosoon!Shegotmarriedonlylastsummer.

W:Well,shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutCindy?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas，即Cindy離婚的原因是發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫沒有想象得那么有錢。

12.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問題1選項

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

問題2選項

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題3選項

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

問題6選項

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

問題7選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

問題8選項

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

問題9選項

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開頭引出了整篇文章的話題“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人會因為勞務(wù)市場問題而遭受不幸？這是最關(guān)鍵但也是最有爭議的社會政策問題之一。所以整篇文章的主題為勞務(wù)市場及就業(yè)問題。下文分析了這一問題的出現(xiàn)，并且提出由于社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的缺陷和不完善，使人們無法確定勞務(wù)市場問題的嚴重程度和因勞務(wù)市場問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”，由于這些相互矛盾的證據(jù)，目前還不確定那些由于勞務(wù)市場問題而遭受嚴重損失的人數(shù)是數(shù)十萬人還是數(shù)千萬人……由此可判斷出本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是如何模糊不清地反映出低工資和就業(yè)機會不足所造成的困難程度的。選項D符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”，如今，失業(yè)不會像20世紀30年代那樣帶來可怕的后果，因為當(dāng)時大多數(shù)失業(yè)者都是家里的主要經(jīng)濟支柱，當(dāng)時收入通常更接近于溫飽線，當(dāng)時對于那些在勞務(wù)市場上失敗的人，沒有相應(yīng)的解決措施。所以整篇文章提到的勞務(wù)市場問題主要是兩個方面的問題，一是失業(yè)，二是收入。所以選項D“提供豐厚收入的崗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”，可知作者認為在許多方面，社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)夸大了勞務(wù)市場的困難程度。將20世紀30年代和現(xiàn)今進行對比，是為了說明失業(yè)所帶來的后果不像20世紀30年代時那樣嚴重?？赏茢喑鍪I(yè)影響的嚴重程度有所降低。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的問題是“由于矛盾的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，不確定因為勞務(wù)市場問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)究竟是多少”。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”，作者對這一問題所持有的觀點是：現(xiàn)有的貧困、就業(yè)和收入統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不足以用來衡量勞務(wù)市場問題的后果嚴重性?？赏茢喑鲎髡哚槍@一問題，可能最恰當(dāng)?shù)奶嶙h是制定新的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，以衡量勞務(wù)市場問題所造成的不幸程度。選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”，可知第二段作者提出的主要觀點是我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞務(wù)市場相關(guān)的困難程度。此句為第二段的中心句，其他部分都是圍繞此句展開的論述，可推斷出下文作者提到那些一年之內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人目的是為了說明失業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來的困難。選項B符合題意。

6.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”，我國的收入轉(zhuǎn)移一直集中在老年人、殘疾人和被贍養(yǎng)的人身上，而忽視了有工作的窮人的需要，因此，現(xiàn)金和實物轉(zhuǎn)移的急劇增長，并不一定意味著那些在勞務(wù)市場中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保護?？膳袛喑鍪杖朕D(zhuǎn)移對低收入人群的緩解作用不惠及一些有工作的貧困者，選項A符合題意。

7.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后幾句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”，文章提到收入數(shù)據(jù)也夸大了困難的程度，下文便解釋了原因，在數(shù)百萬小時工資處于或低于最低工資水平的人中，絕大多數(shù)都有多份收入，而且家庭相對富裕?？膳袛喑鰧?dǎo)致失業(yè)和收入數(shù)據(jù)高估經(jīng)濟困難程度的一個原因是在低收入和失業(yè)的人群中，普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。選項D符合題意。

8.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”，對于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)，作者的結(jié)論為：由于一年中某段時間內(nèi)失業(yè)的人數(shù)是某個月失業(yè)人數(shù)的幾倍，因此那些被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)可能等于或超過年平均失業(yè)人數(shù)，盡管在任何一個月里只有少數(shù)失業(yè)者真正受苦。下文就對這個結(jié)論進行了進一步說明，根據(jù)文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”，對于被記入月失業(yè)人數(shù)中的人來說，有些人因為沒有能力找到全職工作而做兼職，或者在勞務(wù)市場外，但是需要一份工作?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔τ诒黄仁I(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)做出的結(jié)論，主要取決于這一點：被迫失業(yè)的人除了失業(yè)者外，還包括未充分就業(yè)的兼職工作者和不積極尋找工作的人。選項C符合題意。

9.推斷題。題目意思為“下列哪一項最能夠批判作者關(guān)于為什么貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不能如實地表現(xiàn)出勞務(wù)市場存在的問題的觀點”，實際上題目要求選出與作者觀點相反的一項。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者對于這一問題的觀點為：因為貧困統(tǒng)計中的大多數(shù)是老年人或殘疾人，或有些人由于家庭負擔(dān)而無法成為勞動力，所以貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)無法準確地反映勞務(wù)市場的問題。可推斷出與此觀點相反的選項為A“貧困人口數(shù)量的短期增加可能表明就業(yè)崗位不足，因為無法接受就業(yè)的人員的基數(shù)大致保持不變?！?，選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates（）hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.store

B.fertilize

C.sow

D.yield

【答案】D

【解析】fertilize使肥沃；sow播種；yield出產(chǎn)。句意：美國南部的許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)干草和煙草,并出口到美國其他地區(qū)。選項D最符合語境。

14.單選題

Amanhastomake______forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項supply“提供”；B項assurance“保證、保險”；C項provision“供應(yīng)、準備”；D項adjustment“調(diào)整”；句意：一個人必須存下足夠的錢來養(yǎng)老。因此該題C項正確。

15.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

16.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。

17.單選題

WhenA.PhilipRandolphassumedtheleadershipoftheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters,hebeganaten-yearbattletowinrecognitionfromthePullmanCompany,thelargestprivateemployerofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatesandthecompanythatcontrolledtherailroadindustry’ssleepingcarandparlorservice.In1935theBrotherhoodbecamethefirstBlackunionrecognizedbyamajorcorporation.Randolph’seffortsinthebattlehelpedtransformtheattitudeofBlackworkerstowardunionsandtowardthemselvesasanidentifiablegroup;eventually,Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers.

InthePullmancontestRandolphfacedformidableobstacles.ThefirstwasBlackworkers’understandableskepticismtowardunions,whichhadhistoricallybarredBlackworkersfrommembership.AnadditionalobstaclewastheunionthatPullmanitselfhadformed,whichweakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity.

TheBrotherhoodpossessedanumberofadvantages,however,includingRandolph’sowntacticalabilities.In1928hetooktheboldstepofthreateningastrikeagainstPullman.Suchathreat,onanationalscale,underBlackleadership,helpedreplacethestereotypeoftheBlackworkerasservantwiththeimageoftheBlackworkeraswageearner.Inaddition,theporters’veryisolationaidedtheBrotherhood.Porterswerescatteredthroughoutthecountry,sleepingindormitoriesinBlackcommunities;theirsegregatedlifeprotectedtheunion’internalcommunicationsfrominterception.Thattheporterswereahomogeneousgroupworkingforasingleemployerwithsinglelaborpolicy,thussharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity,alsostrengthenedtheBrotherhoodandencouragedracialidentityandsolidarityaswell.Butitwasonlyintheearly1930sthatfederallegislationprohibitingacompanyfrommaintainingitsownunionswithcompanymoneyeventuallyallowedtheBrotherhoodtobecomerecognizedastheporters’representative.

Notcontentwiththistriumph,RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor,whereitbecametheequaloftheFederation’s105otherunions.Hereasonedthatasamemberunion,theBrotherhoodwouldbeinabetterpositiontoexertpressureonmemberunionsthatpracticedracerestrictions.Suchrestrictionswereeventuallyfoundunconstitutionalin1944.

1.Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.

2.Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?

問題1選項

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustries

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunion

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolph

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkers

問題2選項

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunion

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidable

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920s

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunions

問題3選項

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.

問題4選項

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

問題5選項

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.

D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.根據(jù)這篇文章，到1935年，黑人工人對工會的懷疑____。

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustriesA.是不變的除了鐵路相關(guān)行業(yè)的黑人雇員外

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunionB.是被普爾曼公司工會的行動加強的

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolphC.是通過倫道夫的努力被減輕的

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkersD.是由于許多工會向黑人工人開放而被削弱的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段最后“倫道夫在這場斗爭中的努力幫助改變了黑人工人對工會和他們自己作為一個可識別群體的態(tài)度；最后，倫道夫幫助削弱了工會對黑人工人的敵對情緒（Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers）?！边@種敵對情緒的削弱可以推斷黑人對工會的懷疑態(tài)度被削弱。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“是不變的除了鐵路相關(guān)行業(yè)的黑人雇員外”，根據(jù)推斷可知，這種懷疑是被削弱了而不是不變的，該選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項“是被普爾曼公司工會的行動加強的”，根據(jù)推斷可知這種懷疑被削弱了而不是加強的，該選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“是由于許多工會向黑人工人開放而被削弱的”，文章并沒有說許多工會開放，該選項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

在使用“understandable”這個詞時（第2段），作者最清楚地表達了____。

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunionA.對兄弟會在1925年至1935年間建立獨立聯(lián)盟的企圖表示同情

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidableB.對倫道夫在1925年至1935年間所面臨的障礙確實是可怕的擔(dān)憂

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920sC.20世紀20年代大多數(shù)黑人工人對工會意義的矛盾心理

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunionsD.對20世紀20年代許多黑人工人對工會的態(tài)度的理解

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph2與題干信息詞mostprevioussurveys可定位到第二段“第一個原因是黑人工人對工會的懷疑態(tài)度，這是可以理解的（understandable），因為工會歷來禁止黑人工人加入工會?！币驗楣购谌思尤?，所以黑人對工會有懷疑態(tài)度，這是可以理解的。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對兄弟會在1925年至1935年間建立獨立聯(lián)盟的企圖表示同情”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“對倫道夫在1925年至1935年間所面臨的障礙確實是可怕的擔(dān)憂”，文中可以理解的是理解黑人工人對工會的懷疑態(tài)度而非該選項所指的含義，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

C選項“20世紀20年代大多數(shù)黑人工人對工會意義的矛盾心理”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?這篇文章暗示了搬運工對普爾曼公司自己的工會的反應(yīng)是什么?

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.A.很少有搬運工加入這個工會。

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.B.1935年之前，一些搬運工支持這個聯(lián)盟。

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.C.搬運工比普爾曼的其他雇員更熱心地支持這個工會。

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.D.1935年后，搬運工們的反應(yīng)最為積極。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“另一個障礙是普爾曼自己組建的工會，它削弱了黑人工人對獨立實體的支持（weakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity）。”可推斷這里的independententity指的就是兄弟會。因此，在兄弟會正式代表porters之前，應(yīng)該是有一些人支持了普爾曼自己的工會。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“很少有搬運工加入這個工會?！?，根據(jù)推斷可知有一些人加入了普爾曼的工會，該選項屬于反向干擾；

C選項“搬運工比普爾曼的其他雇員更熱心地支持這個工會?！保闹袥]有體現(xiàn)，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“1935年后，搬運工們的反應(yīng)最為積極?！保恼聸]有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?文章指出，如果美國一個地區(qū)的搬運工的不滿與該國另一個地區(qū)的搬運工的不滿不同，那么以下哪一種情況會是這種情況？

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.A.對普爾曼公司來說，實行單一的勞工政策會更加困難。

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.B.對兄弟會來說，控制其溝通渠道將會更加困難。

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.C.對兄弟會來說，建立成員會更加困難。

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

D.普爾曼公司的工會本來可以更容易地吸引會員。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞與題干信息可定位到第三段“搬運工是一個同質(zhì)的群體，為一個雇主工作，實行單一的勞工政策，因此在各個城市都有同樣的不滿（sharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity），這也加強了兄弟會，也鼓勵了種族認同和團結(jié)?！庇纱丝芍瑯拥牟粷M會加強兄弟會，由此可推斷不同的不滿會很難建立兄弟會。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對普爾曼公司來說，實行單一的勞工政策會更加困難。”，文章提到“搬運工是一個同質(zhì)的群體，為一個雇主工作，實行單一的勞工政策”并不是普爾曼公司，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

B選項“對兄弟會來說，控制其溝通渠道將會更加困難?！?，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“普爾曼公司的工會本來可以更容易地吸引會員?！?，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?這篇文章提供了下列哪一件事與倫道夫有關(guān)的信息?

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.A.他為建立兄弟會所采取的步驟。

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

B.他將兄弟會納入美國勞工聯(lián)盟的動機。