書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthe______oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.face

B.time

C.event

D.course

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inthefaceof“面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)inthetimeof“在……時(shí)間段”；C選項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)inthecourseof“在……過(guò)程中”。句意：______項(xiàng)目不成功，投資者將損失高達(dá)3000萬(wàn)美元。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指項(xiàng)目失敗的結(jié)果是損失3000萬(wàn)美金，C選項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一，倘若”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

科學(xué)和技術(shù)作為兩個(gè)不同的范疇，共同起源于人類的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。然而隨著勞動(dòng)分工的發(fā)展，兩者卻分道揚(yáng)鑣，各自循著不同的路徑獨(dú)立發(fā)展了?？茖W(xué)的職責(zé)在于認(rèn)識(shí)和揭示自然界的規(guī)律，而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，主要是那些直接掌握生產(chǎn)工具的工匠們的事。

【答案】Scienceandtechnology,thoughbelongingtotwodifferentdomains,originatedfromhumanproductiveactivities.However,withthechangesinthedivisionoflabor,theybegantoseparate,eachdevelopingindependentlyinitsownway.Theroleofscienceinvolvestheunderstandingandrevelationofnaturallawswhiletheprogressoftechnologyreliesheavilyonthosewhohavedirectaccesstothetoolsofproduction.

3.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)overlap“與…重疊”；B選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長(zhǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng)，飛來(lái)飛去”。句意：如果你進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿水的浴缸，水將會(huì)溢出到地板上。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Itisclear,allcaveatsnotwithstanding,thatapolicyandideologicalshifthastakenplacethroughoutEurope.Butthisisnotalwaysamoveawayfrommulticulturalism;sometimesitisatransformationbeyondmulticulturalismintoformsofwhatmightbecalled‘interculturalism’,atermthathasalreadymadeitsappearanceinofficialdiscoursesandhasbeenparticularlypopularinGermany.

Onestatementthatsignalsthedifferenceofemphasisinvolvedininterculturalism,beyondmulticulturalism,istobefoundintheEuropeanUnion’sseventhprincipleinthelistof'CommonBasicPrinciplesforImmigrantIntegration';'FrequentinteractionbetweenimmigrantsandMemberStatecitizensisafundamentalmechanismforintegration',andthestatementgoesontomention'Sharedforums,interculturaldialogue,educationaboutimmigrantsandimmigrantcultures',andsoforth.

Thekeypointhereisthatinsteadofamerecelebrationofdiversityanddifferentculturesasinversionsofclassicmulticulturalism,whatisinvolvedhereisthepositiveencouragementofencountersbetweendifferentethnicandfaithgroupsandthesettingupofdialoguesandjointactivities.Thishasalso,ofcourse,beenthethinkingbehindpoliciesofcommunitycohesionintheUK.Atonepoint,theBritishgovernmenthadevensuggestedtolocalcouncilsthattheyshouldnotfundsingle-communityprojects,concentratingtheirresourcesinsteadonlyonprojectsthatbroughtcommunitiestogether,butthisproposalwasdroppedasimposingtoorigidarequirement.Initsplacecamearecognitionthatsuchfundingdecisionsshouldbemadeatlocallevels,especiallybecausesingle-communityorganizationsalsoplayedavitalroleinintegratingcommunitiesintomainstreamcultureandintercommunalparticipation.

Ofcourse,thisshouldnotbetakentoimplythatinterculturaldialoguewasnotpartofpreviousmulticulturalphilosophyandpractice.Butthereisnowadefiniterecognitionthattheideaofmulticulturalismhassuccumbedtooeasilytoaninterpretationofethnicculturesashavingstrictlydefinableboundaries,havingunchangingessentialcomponents,andlackingquitefundamentalinternaldissent.Multiculturalism,inotherwords,hasbeentoopronetoessentialism,althoughitdoesnotnecessarilyentailit.

The‘multi’inmulticulturalismimmediatelygivestoomuchleewaytothespacethathasalwaysexistedin‘multiculturalisn’toenableaslippageintothinkingofethnicandnationalculturesashavingrigidboundaries.Useofthenotionofinterculturalismacts,instead,toundercutthisessentialisttendency-itcannotbyitselfcompletelypreventit-bybuildinginaconceptionofconnectedness,interaction,andinterweavingbetweenthebeliefs,practices,andlifestylesofdifferentethnicgroupsaspartofnationalculturesthatareinconstantfluxbecauseofmyriadchangesproducedbyawiderangeoftechnological,economic,politicalandculturalfactors.Inthisrespect,myproposalssharesomeelementswithHollinger’ssuggestionsforhowtheUSAshouldmovebeyondmulticulturalismbyadoptinga‘post-ethnic’perspective.

1.Whatmayhavebeendiscussedintheparagraphpriortothepassage?

2.Theword‘notwithstanding’inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementcanbestshowinterculturalism?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutinterculturalismEXCEPT?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theassessmentofmulticulturalism

B.Thedefinitionofinterculturalism

C.Theimportanceofculture

D.Britishculture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.nevertheless

C.eventhough

D.therefore

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interculturalismavoidsatendencythatmulticulturalismhasencouragedthetreatmentofallnon-WesternculturesassharinglittlewithWesternculturesandideals.

B.Multiculturalismhasatendencytostressrigidboundariesandunchangingelementsofeachdifferentculture.

C.Interculturalismisclearrecognitionofthehistorical,andevenmorethecontemporary,connectednessofculturesonaglobalscale.

D.Multiculturalismfostersgenuineinterfaithdialogueandapositiveapproachtothebenefitsofaliberalandpluralistsociety.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinteractiveactivitiesbetweendifferentethnicgroupsarebetterfundedandessentialismisprevented.

B.Theformsofinterethnicandinterfaithconsultationandgeneralsupportforequalopportunitieswillbeprovided.

C.Interethnicandinterfaithcommunicativeformsandactivitieswillbeencouragedandbetterresourcedwhilethecoreofmulticulturalismismaintained.

D.InterculturalpolicyhasbeenadoptedintheUS

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.IntheUSA,thereexistsanawarenessofinterculturalism.

B.MostEuropeancountrieshaveshowedthetendencytobeinterculturalism.

C.Britishpoliciesofcommunitycohesion,thoughoppositetointerculturalprinciple,haveencouragedinterethnicandinterfaithdialoguesandjointactivities.

D.Interculturalismshouldbeseenasanemergentprocessofmulticulturalism.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Itisclear,allcaveatsnotwithstanding,thatapolicyandideologicalshifthastakenplacethroughoutEurope.”，可知盡管有種種告誡，但很明顯，整個(gè)歐洲都發(fā)生了政策和思想的轉(zhuǎn)變。緊接著在下文提到這并不會(huì)拋開(kāi)多元化文化?？赏茢喑鲈谇拔膽?yīng)該提到了關(guān)于多元文化的評(píng)估。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。moreover“此外”；nevertheless“然而”；eventhough“雖然”；therefore“因此”。句意：盡管有種種告誡，但很明顯，整個(gè)歐洲都發(fā)生了政策和意識(shí)形態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。前后兩句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。排除A、D選項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)notwithstanding在句子中作副詞，eventhough后面必須接句子，可排除C選項(xiàng)。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“The‘multi’inmulticulturalismimmediatelygivestoomuchleewaytothespacethathasalwaysexistedin‘multiculturalisn’toenableaslippageintothinkingofethnicandnationalculturesashavingrigidboundaries.”，可知多元文化主義的多元性給“多元文化主義”留有太多余地，使人們以為民族和民族文化有死板的界限?？赏茢喑龆嘣幕髁x傾向于強(qiáng)調(diào)每一種不同文化的死板的界限和不變因素。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一段，“Thekeypointhereisthatinsteadofamerecelebrationofdiversityanddifferentculturesasinversionsofclassicmulticulturalism,whatisinvolvedhereisthepositiveencouragementofencountersbetweendifferentethnicandfaithgroupsandthesettingupofdialoguesandjointactivities.”可知關(guān)鍵在于，多元文化在這里所涉及的不僅僅是傳統(tǒng)多元文化主義中對(duì)文化多樣性的頌揚(yáng)，而是積極鼓勵(lì)不同種族和宗教群體之間的碰撞，并建立對(duì)話和聯(lián)合活動(dòng)?？赏茢喑鲈诒３侄嘣幕诵牡耐瑫r(shí)，要鼓勵(lì)更好地開(kāi)展跨民族、跨宗教的聯(lián)合活動(dòng)和交流。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“atermthathasalreadymadeitsappearanceinofficialdiscoursesandhasbeenparticularlypopularinGermany.”，可知“跨文化主義”一詞已經(jīng)成為一種術(shù)語(yǔ)多次出現(xiàn)在官方話語(yǔ)中，在德國(guó)尤其流行?？膳袛啻蠖鄶?shù)歐洲國(guó)家都表現(xiàn)出了跨文化主義傾向。選項(xiàng)B符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第一段，“sometimesitisatransformationbeyondmulticulturalismintoformsofwhatmightbecalled‘interculturalism’”，可知有時(shí)，這是一種超越多元文化主義的轉(zhuǎn)變，成為了所謂的“跨文化主義”?？膳袛喑觥翱缥幕髁x”應(yīng)被視為多元文化主義的一個(gè)突出階段。選項(xiàng)D符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，作者舉例說(shuō)明歐洲政府反對(duì)跨文化主義和凝聚社會(huì)各界的做法相矛盾。可判斷出英國(guó)的團(tuán)體凝聚力政策雖然與跨文化主義相矛盾，但卻鼓勵(lì)跨種族、跨宗教的對(duì)話和聯(lián)合活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…forhowtheUSAshouldmovebeyondmulticulturalismbyadoptinga‘post-ethnic’perspective.”，可知美國(guó)對(duì)于如何采取“后民族”視角使其超越多元文化還處于提建議階段?？膳袛嗝绹?guó)還并不存在跨文化意識(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;staminahelps,asdoesacapacityforobsession.Butnooneisbornagoodquarreler;thecraftmustbelearned.

Therearetwogenerallyrecognizedapprenticeships.First,anduniversallypreferred,isalongchildhoodspentinthecompanyoffractioussiblings.Afterseveralyearsofrainyafternoons,brothersandsistersdevelopasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.

Theonlychild,orthechildofpeacefulorrepressedhouseholds,islikelytogrowupfailingtounderstandthatquarrels,unlikearguments,arenotaboutanythingleastofallthepursuitoftruth.Theapparentsubjectofaquarrelisamerepretext;therealbusinessisthequarrelitself.

Essentially,adversariesinaquarrelareouttoestablishorrescuetheirdignity.Ifencetheelementaryprinciple:anythingmaybesaid.Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.Toolate!Withacheerfulwavetheoldacquaintancehaslefttheroom.

Thosewhomisstheirfirstapprenticeshipmaycaretoenrollinthesecond,thebadmarriage.Thiscanbeperilousfortheneophyte;themutualintimacyofspousesmakesthematoncemorevulnerableandmoredangerousinattack.Oncesexisinvolved,thestakesarehigherallround.

Andthereisanunspokenrulethatthosewholove,orhaveloved,oneanotheraregrantedalicenseforunlimitedbeastlinesssuchasisdeniedtomereswornenemies.Forallthat,someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfifeandmasteredeverythrow,fromtheCrushingSilencetotheGloatingApology,inlessthantenyearsofmarriage.

Aquarrelmaylastyears.AmongbroodingtypesKithtimeontheirhands,likewriters,halfalifetimeisnotuncommon.Initsmostrefinedform,aquarrelmayconsistoftheparticipantsnottalkingtoeachother.Theywillneedtoschemelaboriouslytoappearinpublictogethertoregistertheirsilence.

Brief,violentquarrelsarealsoknownasrows.Inallcasestheessentialingredientremainsthesame;theoriginalcausemustbeforgottenassoonaspossible.Fromhereon,dignity,pride,self-esteem,honoratethecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession.Forthequarrelersveryself-hoodisonthefine.Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis;buttobecrushedinaquarrel...ratherbiteoffyourtongueandspreaditatyouropponents’feet.

1.Unschooledquarrelersaresaidtobeatadisadvantagebecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,quarrelsbetweenmarriedcouplesmaybe（）.

3.Whenquarrellingbothchildrenandmarriedcouplesmay,accordingtothewriter（）.

4.Thedifferencebetweenaquarrelandanargumentissaidtobethat（）.

5.Inthepassageasawhole,thewritertreatsquarrellingasifitwere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirinsultsfailtooffendtheiropponent

B.theyrevealtheirnervousnesstotheiropponent

C.theysufferfromremorseforwhatthey’vesaid

D.theyareapprehensiveaboutspeakingtheirminds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.physicallyviolent

B.extremelybitter

C.essentiallytrivial

D.sincerelyregretted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.beparticularlybrutal

B.usepolitenessasaweapon

C.employskillfulmaneuvers

D.exaggeratetheirfeelings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theformerinvolvesindividualegos

B.theformerconcernsstrongpointsofview

C.thelatterhaswell-establishedmiles

D.thelatterconcernstrivialissues

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.amilitarycampaign

B.asocialskill

C.amoralevil

D.anaturalgift

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。沒(méi)上過(guò)學(xué)的吵架者在吵架中不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的原因是，選項(xiàng)A“他們的羞辱不能激怒對(duì)手”；選項(xiàng)B“他們?cè)趯?duì)手面前表現(xiàn)出緊張”；選項(xiàng)C“他們對(duì)自己說(shuō)的話感到悔恨”；選項(xiàng)D“他們害怕表露自己的心聲”，根據(jù)文章第四段中“Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.沒(méi)怎么受過(guò)教育的人，同樣也跟其他人一樣熱衷于吵架，他們會(huì)花上很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間捶胸頓足，不斷回想自己是怎么激怒了老熟人而陷入了他的騙局”，由此可知這些沒(méi)上過(guò)學(xué)的人在吵架的時(shí)候因?yàn)闆](méi)什么技巧，激怒別人之后就陷入了別人挖的坑里，于是他們不停的回想，不停的后悔自己所說(shuō)的話，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，已婚夫婦之間的爭(zhēng)吵也許會(huì)……選項(xiàng)A“劇烈的身體攻擊”；選項(xiàng)B“極度的尖酸刻薄”；選項(xiàng)C“基本上很瑣碎”；選項(xiàng)D“真誠(chéng)的道歉”，根據(jù)文章第六段的首句話“相愛(ài)的或者曾經(jīng)相愛(ài)的人之間存在著一種不言而喻的規(guī)定，他們?cè)试S對(duì)方無(wú)限制的使用傷人的語(yǔ)言，就像是兩個(gè)不共戴天的仇人一樣?！备鶕?jù)這句話我們可以知道已婚夫妻之間的爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)非常的尖酸刻薄，表現(xiàn)得像兩個(gè)不共戴天的仇人一樣，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:小孩子和已婚夫婦之間吵架的共同點(diǎn)是什么，選項(xiàng)A“特別的野蠻”；選項(xiàng)B“把禮貌當(dāng)作一種武器”；選項(xiàng)C“運(yùn)用非常有技巧的策略”；選項(xiàng)D“夸大感覺(jué)”，根據(jù)文章中分別對(duì)小孩子吵架和夫妻吵架的描寫，小孩子“developasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.明確的知道在最高級(jí)的吵架中技巧和戰(zhàn)略的必要性”，由此可知小孩子的吵架非常注重技巧與戰(zhàn)略；文章第六段在提及夫妻吵架之后接著說(shuō)道“someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfife持久的吵架黑帶通常在比較晚的時(shí)候練成；inlessthantenyearsofmarriage不超過(guò)婚后十年的時(shí)間”，可知作者想表達(dá)的是婚后，夫妻會(huì)變得非常擅于吵架，婚后的吵架會(huì)使他們練就吵架的技巧，這個(gè)從“黑帶”一詞可以體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，所以小孩子和已婚夫婦兩者在吵架上的共同點(diǎn)就是非常具有技巧或者策略，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第4題:推理判斷題。吵架和爭(zhēng)論之間的區(qū)別是什么，選項(xiàng)A“前者涉及個(gè)人自尊心”；選項(xiàng)B“前者關(guān)心強(qiáng)硬的觀點(diǎn)”；選項(xiàng)C“后者建立了良好的規(guī)則”；選項(xiàng)D“后者涉及細(xì)小的問(wèn)題”；根據(jù)文章最后一段中對(duì)于吵架的描寫“dignity,pride,self-esteem,honorandthecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession尊嚴(yán)，驕傲，自尊，榮譽(yù)和其他關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是消耗所有精力的堪稱專業(yè)的工作，它們解釋了為什么說(shuō)吵架就和妒忌一樣”，這說(shuō)明吵架是涉及個(gè)人的自尊心的，而對(duì)于爭(zhēng)論的描寫“Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis輸?shù)粢粓?chǎng)爭(zhēng)論只是片刻的失望，就像輸?shù)粢粓?chǎng)網(wǎng)球比賽一樣”，由此可知爭(zhēng)論不會(huì)涉及個(gè)人的自尊心，簡(jiǎn)單的只是一種專業(yè)知識(shí)或者其他個(gè)人能力的較量，所以吵架和爭(zhēng)論最大的區(qū)別就是吵架是涉及個(gè)人自尊心的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第5題:推理判斷題?？v觀全文，作者描寫吵架就像描寫……選項(xiàng)A“一場(chǎng)軍事行動(dòng)”；選項(xiàng)B“一門社會(huì)技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“一種不好的品德”；選項(xiàng)D“一種自然天賦”，作者在描寫吵架的時(shí)候多處強(qiáng)調(diào)了吵架的技巧與戰(zhàn)略，以及吵架技巧的兩個(gè)養(yǎng)成階段，仿佛吵架就像一門技術(shù)一樣，需要我們練習(xí)與學(xué)習(xí)；作者還舉了在社交場(chǎng)合吵架的例子，有技巧的人會(huì)贏，沒(méi)有技巧的會(huì)輸，強(qiáng)調(diào)了吵架這門技術(shù)的社會(huì)性，所以作者是在像描寫一種社會(huì)技術(shù)一樣的在描寫吵架這門學(xué)問(wèn)，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

6.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適應(yīng)；改編”，B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)；拿來(lái)”，C選項(xiàng)receive“接受”，D選項(xiàng)adopt“采??；接受；收養(yǎng)”；題干為：這對(duì)年邁的父母決定去（）一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩，即使他們已經(jīng)有了三個(gè)自己的孩子。因此根據(jù)邏輯我們知道他們是“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”孩子，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.腦電圖顯示，我們和所有的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物以及幾乎所有其他的哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類都會(huì)睡覺(jué)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡夢(mèng)中，動(dòng)物被強(qiáng)有力地固定住，對(duì)外界刺激毫無(wú)反應(yīng)。”所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或許關(guān)于睡眠原始功能的一個(gè)有力暗示發(fā)現(xiàn)了“海豚、鯨魚(yú)和水生哺乳動(dòng)物似乎總是睡得很少”這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安靜的動(dòng)物，在危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻，會(huì)被睡眠這一無(wú)法緩和的武器固定住。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于幼小的食肉動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)似乎特別明顯。也就是說(shuō)，幼小的食肉動(dòng)物在危險(xiǎn)時(shí)刻無(wú)法保持安靜，即在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)發(fā)出聲音，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.翻譯題

世界上一些國(guó)家發(fā)生問(wèn)題，從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒(méi)有飯吃，沒(méi)有衣穿，沒(méi)有房住，工資增長(zhǎng)被通貨膨脹抵消。

【答案】

Basically,problemsinsomecountriesarecausedbypooreconomy,nofoodandnoclothingandnoshelter.Meanwhile,wagegrowthisoffsetbyinflation,whichalsoresultsintheseproblems.

9.單選題

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。inform“通知，告訴”；appease“安撫，緩和，對(duì)...讓步”；provoke“激怒，使惱怒，煽動(dòng)”；deceive“欺騙”；根據(jù)句意‘有關(guān)傾倒在小區(qū)的有毒廢物的駭人真相（

）了很多社區(qū)成員。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thestudentsweresupposedto（

）theirassignmentbynow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.finish

B.havefinished

C.finishing

D.havingfinished

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到現(xiàn)在為止，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該已完成作業(yè)了。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由關(guān)鍵詞bynow(到現(xiàn)在為止)可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。Besupposedto后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形have。故選B。

11.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.congesting

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Modifying“修飾”；duplicating“復(fù)制”；accelerating“加速”；congesting“充滿”。句意：最近報(bào)道的很多案件都是與小孩相關(guān)的，他們復(fù)制在之前在電視上看到的一些暴力行為。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Itwaslastnight（

）

Iseethecomet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetime

B.when

C.that

D.whichv

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我是昨天晚上看見(jiàn)的彗星。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型:It+be+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who/whom)+主謂句。

13.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinbum,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclose

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclose“公開(kāi)，揭露”；B選項(xiàng)exhibition“展覽，顯示，展覽會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)contact“使接觸，聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)exposure“暴露，曝光，揭露”。句意：過(guò)多_____在X射線下會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚燒傷、癌癥或其他身體損傷。這里考查了固定搭配exposureto“暴露于”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果他們能夠在我們后天出發(fā)之前趕到，我們就能晚上一起聚餐了。

語(yǔ)法題。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句部分為shouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty，因此這里為與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故從句部分應(yīng)該是Iftheyweretoarrive。從句部分可以省略if，把should/were提前，構(gòu)成省略倒裝。故選D。

15.單選題

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延長(zhǎng)；lingered逗留。句意：那位名醫(yī)開(kāi)的藥的討厭味道在他嘴里（）了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Hisspeechwascarefuland（）,buthiswordsseemedtomakenosense.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.distract

C.distinguishable

D.diligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinct“清楚的，明顯的，獨(dú)特的”；B選項(xiàng)distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；C選項(xiàng)distinguishable“可區(qū)分的”；D選項(xiàng)diligent“勤勉的，用功的”。根據(jù)句意“他的講話仔細(xì)而清晰，但這些言語(yǔ)似乎毫無(wú)意義?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

ThegroundbrokenbyFreudandBreuer’spronouncement,inthe“PreliminaryCommunication”concerningthepsychogenesisofhysteria,that“hystericssuffermainlyfromreminiscences”broughttoviewthetangledrootslinkingthedevelopingconceptofahiddenandpowerfulunconsciouswithnineteenthcenturyanxietiesconcerningmemory’sabsenceandexcess.Freud'slateremphasisuponfantasy,ratherthanmemory,inhisrevisedwritingsonhysteria'saetiologycanberegarded,inpart,asthevanquishingofmemory'sunbiddabilitybyfantasy'soriginsinunconsciouswishesandanxieties.

Twoqualifyingcurrentsranthroughthisnewemphasisuponfantasyanddesireratherthanuponinvoluntarymemory.First,theissueofpersonalresponsibilityraisedbythisnewemphasisonunconscioussexualandviolentfantasieswasmitigatedbyFreud’sconsolationtohisearliesthystericalpatientsthat“wearenotresponsibleforourfeelings”.Second,thepossibleassociationonlyoffantasywiththedeterminingforceofunconsciousinnerprocesses.

Hystories,whichcontinuesitsauthor'searlierstudyofhysteriaassociatesthisreturnwiththedevelopmentofadivisive“survivor”culturecharacterizedbyblameandvengefullitigation.Showalter'sfundamentallyEnlightenmentcritiqueofthisculturesuggeststhatonlyarenewedemphasisuponfantasycanrescuecontemporarywesternculturefromthedistortionsthatthreatenitsstabilityandlimititscapacityforhealthyanddemocraticallyorganizedpubliclife.Inshort,Showaltercallsforthenurturingofapsychicallyenlightenedculturewithinwhichcollectiveorindividualresponsibilitycanbeacknowledgedforviolent,fearful,orsexualfantasies.

Thethesispropoundedinthispolemicalandaccessibleworkisthathysteria,despitetheviewsofthepsychologicalestablishment,is“aliveandwell”inthelatetwentiethcenturywesternworld,thoughintransformedguise.Hysteria'sdomainhasshifted,arguesShowalter,fromtheclinictothepopularnarrative,or“history”,inwhichvariousarguably“traumaticexperiences”takecentre-stage.TV,thepopularpress,ande-mailspreadhystorieswithwhichgrowingnumbersoftroubledindividualsarecomingtoidentify.ThesehystoriesofME,GulfWarSyndrome,recoveredmemory,multiplepersonalitydisorder,satanicabuseandalienabductioneachprovideexplanatorynarrativesthatallowsomaticorpsychicalsymptoms.

Thesub-titleoftheUSversionofHystoriesandaspectsofitsargumentforegroundthepartplayedbythespeedandspreadofcontemporaryelectroniccommunicationsintheescalationofhystories.However,Hystories'argument,inkeepingperhapswiththebook'scritiqueofhystoriesthemselves,eschewsdirectaccusation.Nevertheless,thesharpestedgeofShowalter'sculturalcritiqueofhystoriesisdirectedagainsttheircrossingofthelinefromprivatenarrativesthatenabletherapeuticsensetobemadeofalife,tomedia-spurred,public,politicalandjudicial“ritualsoftestimony”thatinvolveaccusationandpersecution.Inafinalchapterthatwarns—alittlehystericallyperhaps—ofthecominghystericalplague,Showalterlikenstheemergenceandproliferationofthesepublicdiscoursestothewitch-huntsoftheseventeenthcentury.Sheconcludesthatthisdevelopment,demonstratesthe“humanpropensitytoparanoia”.

Atbase,HystoriescallsforareturntothoseinsightsandvaluesarguablydeliveredbyFreud'sturntowardsfantasy.ForShowalter,hystoriesappeartorepresentawithdrawalfromthehardtaskenjoinedbythoseinsights:thatofgraspingasourownunconsciousfantasiestheviolent,destructive,orsexualforcesthathystorieslocateandpersecuteelsewhereandinothers.Showalter'simpassionedpleaistoreturntoenlightenmentvalues.“Thehystericalepidemicsofthe1990scontinuetododamage”,sheconcludes“indistractingusfromtherealproblemsandcrisesofmodernsociety,inunderminingrespectforevidenceandtruth,andinhelpingsupportanatmosphereofconspiracyandsuspicion.Theypreventusfromclaimingourfullhumanityasfreeandresponsiblebeings”.Itistherecognitionofuniversalhumanpropensitiesand,inparticular,thegraspingofresponsibilityforourownprojectionsthatpromisestomoveusbeyondacultureofblameinhabitedbyperpetratorsandvictims,andtowardsafreerandamoreequalsociety.

1.Showalter’sinterestintobefoundmainlyintheacademicdisciplineof（

）.

2.AccordingtoShowalter,soldierssufferingfrompsychosomaticailmentsknownasthe"GulfWarSyndrome"aredealingwith

（

）.

3.TheattitudeofthereviewerofthebookbyShowaltermaybestbedescribedas

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheresearcher,mankindhasalwayshadthetendencyof

（

）.

5.Theanalysisandcomparisonwithseventeenth-centurywitch-huntsbyShowalter,successfulpredictsthehysteriaandpersecutioninourdayof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.history

B.sociology

C.psychology

D.themedia

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.repressedmemoriesfromtheFirstIraqWar(1991)

B.delusionscreatedbychemicalorbiologicalweapons

C.unconsciousfearsaboutcontactwithtoxins

D.somaticexpressionofexposuretodepleteduranium

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.reserved

B.ironic

C.sympathetic

D.convinced

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.externalizationofthecausesofunhappiness

B.reductionofcomplexitiestosimplifiedstories

C.deificationofsupernaturalphenomena

D.schizophrenicparanoia

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.paedophiles

B.catholics

C.veganists

D.terrorists

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Showalter'sfundamentallyEnlightenmentcritiqueofthisculturesuggeststhatonlyarenewedemphasisuponfantasycanrescuecontemporarywesternculturefromthedistortionsthatthreatenitsstabilityandlimititscapacityforhealthyanddemocraticallyorganizedpubliclife.”，可知Showalter對(duì)這種文化的基本啟蒙批判表明，只有重新強(qiáng)調(diào)幻想，才能把當(dāng)代西方文化從威脅其穩(wěn)定、限制其健康和民主組織的公共生活能力的扭曲中拯救出來(lái)?？膳袛喑鯯howalter的興趣主要集中在心理學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Hysteria'sdomainhasshifted,arguesShowalter,fromtheclinictothepopularnarrative,or“history”,inwhichvariousarguably'traumaticexperiences'takecentre-stage.”，可知Showalter認(rèn)為，歇斯底里癥的領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)從臨床轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠毡榈目捶ɑ驓v史，其中可以說(shuō)是創(chuàng)傷性經(jīng)歷占據(jù)了主要位置?？膳袛喑龌加泻硲?zhàn)爭(zhēng)綜合癥的士兵是由伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的痛苦記憶所致。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:3.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一句