書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通運(yùn)輸職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thosegiftsofrarebooksthatweregiventousweredeeply（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciated

B.approved

C.appealed

D.applied

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。appreciate“感激”；approve“贊成，批準(zhǔn)”；appeal“吸引”；apply“使用”。句意：對(duì)于贈(zèng)送給我們這些珍貴的書籍作為禮物，我們感到深深的感激。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Thesefigures（

）nosignificanceastheyarestatisticallyimperfect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.attachto

C.conformto

D.amountto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contributeto意為“有助于，貢獻(xiàn)”；attachto意為“貼，系”；conformto意為“符合，遵照”；amountto意為“共計(jì)，歸結(jié)為”。

句意：這些數(shù)字沒(méi)有任何意義，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诮y(tǒng)計(jì)上不完美。

3.單選題

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer.?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要提出了高級(jí)女主管很少的現(xiàn)象，并且對(duì)此分析了原因。

2.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力幫助女性把事業(yè)和家庭結(jié)合起來(lái)。法國(guó)和斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家?guī)椭鷥和Ｓ?。這與美國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)校形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，美國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)校在一個(gè)成年人的工作日結(jié)束之前就把他們趕出去了。美國(guó)的父母還必須為成年人安排超短的假期，為孩子安排長(zhǎng)得荒唐的假期?！笨芍▏?guó)和斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家比英國(guó)和美國(guó)更加平等，更加重視女性，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企業(yè)界，贊助和晉升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西爾維亞?安?休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇報(bào)告《贊助商效應(yīng)》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她認(rèn)為，幾乎所有升到高層的高管都有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的支持者。然而，女性往往無(wú)法培養(yǎng)出休利特所說(shuō)的“關(guān)系資本”。他們不愿尋求幫助，擔(dān)心會(huì)顯得咄咄逼人。還有很多人擔(dān)心與男同事的親密關(guān)系會(huì)引發(fā)流言蜚語(yǔ)。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，所有這些都發(fā)揮了作用。但讓更多女性進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的一個(gè)更大障礙是，太多女性難以平衡工作和家庭?？芍狝BD項(xiàng)在文中都有提及，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她們比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士說(shuō)，而且更擅長(zhǎng)多任務(wù)處理。那些有孩子的人很快就會(huì)變得有效率。她們知道她們必須在特定的時(shí)間回家?！笨芍殬I(yè)女性的優(yōu)勢(shì)是善于合作，能夠處理許多任務(wù)，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判斷題。全文通過(guò)一些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)分析女性高管少的現(xiàn)象及原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時(shí)的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊(duì)，而且對(duì)他的妻子也是一樣。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

21-25

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.About10,000,000.

B.About1,000,000.

C.About100,000.

D.About10,000.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Acocktailofvitamins.

B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.

C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.

D.E.D.

E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.

B.Theinnerearcells.

C.Theeardrums.

D.Theinnerearossicles.24.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.GeneralMotors(通用汽車公司).

B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽車工會(huì)).

C.NIH.

D.Allofabove25.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.

B.Militarytrials(軍事審判)inSpainandSweden.

C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.

D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(鎂)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneralMotorsandtheUnitedAutoWorkers.NowOralQuellisbeingtestedinasetoffourmultinationalhumanclinicaltrials:(25)militarytrialsinSwedenandSpain,andindustrialtrialsinSpainandthetrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFloridawholistentomusicathighvolumesontheiriPodsandotherPDAs.

21.Accordingtothetalk,howmanyvictimsofhearingproblemarethereintheUnitedStatesalone?

【解析】原文一開(kāi)頭便提到：About10millionpeopleintheU.S.Alone…aresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss，即聽(tīng)力受損的大約有1000萬(wàn)人。

22.WhichdidUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitutedeveloptopreventhearingloss?

【解析】原文中說(shuō)該研究采用的是“combinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesium”，選項(xiàng)B“維生素和鎂的混合藥”正確。

23.Accordingtothelatestfindings,whatdoesloudnoisedamage?

【解析】文中提到“Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells”，即噪音產(chǎn)生的原子能損害內(nèi)耳的細(xì)胞。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whosupportedthelabresearch?

【解析】題目問(wèn)這一研究由誰(shuí)支持，文中提到了NIH國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究所。

25.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedasthemultinationalhumanclinicaltrialsforOralQuell?

【解析】題目問(wèn)哪一個(gè)不屬于多國(guó)人類臨床試驗(yàn)，只有C選項(xiàng)與原文不一致。

6.單選題

Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadchance?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.washegoingtodo

B.hewoulddo

C.hehaddone

D.hehadtodo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他有沒(méi)有告訴你如果有機(jī)會(huì)他會(huì)怎么做？What到句尾是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中if引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)if引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，確定do的動(dòng)作有過(guò)去的含義；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知是在將來(lái)做do的動(dòng)作，確定do的動(dòng)作有將來(lái)的含義，所以用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，B選項(xiàng)hewoulddo符合題意。A選項(xiàng)washegoingtodo語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤，was應(yīng)該在he后面。C選項(xiàng)hehaddone和D選項(xiàng)hehadtodo時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.

Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.

Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.

Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

26.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT______.

27.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby______.

28.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______.

29.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthemountainswithlittleair

B.inthecoldpolarareas

C.inthehotdesertareas

D.intheopenoceans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hidingintinyspaces

B.havingastrongshell

C.flyingawaywhennecessary

D.changingcolorsorshapes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.frightenawaytheirenemies

B.avoidbeingdiscovered

C.sendwarmingsignals

D.lookbitter-tasting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironments

B.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C.whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“除……外，在以下地方可以看到大量昆蟲”。文章第二段及第三段都提及昆蟲大量生長(zhǎng)的地方，其中第三段第三句提到Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒(méi)有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中），所以D項(xiàng)“在廣闊的海洋中”正確。A項(xiàng)“在空氣稀薄的山上”、B項(xiàng)“在寒冷的極地地區(qū)”和C項(xiàng)“在炎熱的沙漠地區(qū)”在第二段都提到了，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“昆蟲通過(guò)……保護(hù)自己免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的侵害”。定位第四段第一句Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.（一個(gè)堅(jiān)固、堅(jiān)硬但有彈性的外殼覆蓋著它們的軟器官，可以抵抗化學(xué)物質(zhì)、水和物理沖擊），protect…from…是對(duì)resistantto的同義替換，所以B項(xiàng)“擁有一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的外殼”正確。A項(xiàng)“躲在狹小的空間里”是昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存的原因，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴。C項(xiàng)“在必要時(shí)飛走”和D項(xiàng)“改變顏色和形狀”也不是昆蟲免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)傷害的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“有些昆蟲偽裝成自然物體以便……”。定位最后一段第二句Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.（昆蟲可能就在我們眼前，但幾乎看不見(jiàn)，因?yàn)樗磺擅畹貍窝b成一片綠葉、一塊棕色的土壤、灰色的地衣、一粒種子或其他自然物體），其中nearlyinvisible表明昆蟲偽裝是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“避免被發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“嚇走他們的敵人”、C項(xiàng)“發(fā)出警告信號(hào)”和D項(xiàng)“看起來(lái)是有苦味”都是昆蟲偽裝的目的，但是都與偽裝成自然物體無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提到了昆蟲……”。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.（昆蟲對(duì)人類非常有用，在草地、森林、沙漠和其他地區(qū)，昆蟲為我們的作物和花朵授粉），由useful及分詞結(jié)構(gòu)pollinating可推斷昆蟲對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)有益處，D項(xiàng)“對(duì)農(nóng)作物和花卉的生長(zhǎng)很重要”正確。定位到第三段第二句和第三句Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（它們驚人的適應(yīng)能力使它們能夠在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生活。迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒(méi)有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中。）可知，昆蟲雖然能在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生存，但不是在任何環(huán)境中。A項(xiàng)“在任何極端環(huán)境中都能找到”曲解原文。定位文章第一段最后一句Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.（昆蟲已經(jīng)在地球上生存了3億年多，并且可能有能力再存活數(shù)百萬(wàn)年）可知，文章雖在開(kāi)頭指出昆蟲存活的年代久遠(yuǎn)，但全文未提到它是存活時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的生物，所以B項(xiàng)“比其他任何生物存活的時(shí)間都長(zhǎng)”無(wú)中生有。定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.（昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存：油漆、胡椒、膠水、書籍、谷物、棉花以及其他昆蟲、植物和動(dòng)物），雖然提到昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存，但只是awiderangeof，這與C項(xiàng)“可以吃任何天然的或人造的食物”中的any不符，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……”。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲生存了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，并能在各種地方生長(zhǎng)，然后第三段引出文章要討論的重點(diǎn)，即昆蟲為什么能成功存活，定位第三段第一句Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.（昆蟲如此成功的生存有很多原因），該句為本文的中心句，所以B項(xiàng)“為什么昆蟲可以如此成功地生存”正確。A項(xiàng)“昆蟲如何在不同的地方生存”和D項(xiàng)“能大量發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲的地方”以偏概全。C項(xiàng)“昆蟲對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期，即從童年到成年之間的這段時(shí)期，可能很長(zhǎng)，也可能很短，這取決于社會(huì)的期望和社會(huì)對(duì)什么是成熟和成年的定義。在原始社會(huì)，青春期往往是相對(duì)較短的一段時(shí)間，而在人們受教育時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的工業(yè)社會(huì)，再加上反對(duì)童工的法律，青春期的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)得多，可能包括人生第二個(gè)十年的大部分時(shí)間。此外，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的變化，在特定社會(huì)中，青春期的長(zhǎng)度和成年身份的定義可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化。這類變化的例子如：19世紀(jì)后半葉美國(guó)邊疆的消失，更普遍的是農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的工業(yè)化。

9.單選題

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌進(jìn)，成群結(jié)隊(duì)涌到”；A項(xiàng)dash“猛沖，匆忙”，B項(xiàng)file“提出（申請(qǐng)），把……歸檔”，C項(xiàng)stroll“散步，閑逛”，D項(xiàng)swarm“成群來(lái)回移動(dòng)，蜂擁而至”。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的人離開(kāi)農(nóng)村，涌入城市，住在新工廠旁邊。根據(jù)句意可知，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Manufactures“產(chǎn)品”；B選項(xiàng)Yields“生產(chǎn)量，收益”；C選項(xiàng)Creating“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，超過(guò)5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根據(jù)邏輯，前半句講到要穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，那么之后說(shuō)的應(yīng)該也是“收益率”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（腸胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,食物耐受不良是一個(gè)比食物過(guò)敏更常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,最有害的癥狀之一是情緒低落。在英國(guó),每年有四分之一的人情緒或心理健康都會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,在過(guò)去的五年中,抗抑郁藥物的處方數(shù)量增加了40%以上。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第八段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,C,D均符合原文;根據(jù)第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有這些排列在我們消化系統(tǒng)中的神經(jīng)元不僅僅是處理消化,偶爾也會(huì)引起緊張情緒。選項(xiàng)B描述太絕對(duì),所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁癥經(jīng)常與腸胃炎聯(lián)系在一起。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”這項(xiàng)名為“飲食掃描”的飲食耐受不良測(cè)試,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)飲食耐受不良潛在的誘因。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

12.單選題

Ifthisevilmanremainedunpunished,oursocialmoralstandard_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willundermine

B.wouldundermine

C.wouldbeundermined

D.willbeundermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were），主句則為：主語(yǔ)+would（should；could；might）+動(dòng)詞原型。故可排除A、D選項(xiàng)。句意：如果這個(gè)壞人不受懲罰，我們的社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就會(huì)被破壞。又因該句中的“社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與“破壞”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreater