書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,

Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.

Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.

Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.

Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.

ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.

Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?

3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?

4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.

B.Itcollideswithotherstars.

C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.

D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Blackholesaredeadstars.

B.Blackholeshavegravity.

C.Blackholesareinvisible.

D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itbecomesinvisible.

B.ItfallstoEarth.

C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.

D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.

B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.

C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.

D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.

B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.

C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.

D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."當(dāng)氣體耗盡時(shí),恒星停止燃燒并開始死亡。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C均是對(duì)黑洞正確的描述;選項(xiàng)D描述太絕對(duì),所以不正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)六七段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)恒星死亡后,重力使其向內(nèi)擠壓,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不見(jiàn)的,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)策二段的倒數(shù)二三句"Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes."黑洞是如此的緊湊以至于它的重力吸收一切——甚至光。黑洞發(fā)出的光永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)回到你的眼睛里。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文主要是講黑洞的形成與影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Isevolutionpredictable,orwasitheavilyshapedbyrandomevents?Biologistshavearguedoverthisquestionfordecades.Somesuggestthatifwereplayedthehistoryoflifeonourplanet,theresultingspecieswouldbedifferent.Opponentscounterthatlifeislargelydeterministic.

Recently,researchershavebeguntoaskthesamequestionsaboutrocks.Some5,000mineralshavebeenfoundonEarth.Butmineralsdidn’tsimplyappearallatoncewhentheEarthformed.Theymaterializedovertime,eachcrystalarisinginresponsetotheconditionsoftheparticularepochinwhichitformed.Mineralsevolved—insomecases,inresponsetolife.Soaretoday’smineralsapredictableconsequenceoftheplanet’schemicalmakeup,ortheresultofchanceevents?Whatifweweretospotanotherearth-likeplanetinthecosmos--wouldweexpectitsgemstonestomatchours,orwouldtheyshineinwaysneverseenbefore?

RobertHazen,amineralphysicistattheCarnegieInstitutionofWashington,andhiscolleaguesarepublishingaseriesofpapersthisyearthatrevealbroadinsightsintowhethergeologyisamatteroffate.MineralsonEarthmayindeedhavebeenguidedbydeterministicrulesthatcouldapplytootherworldsaswell,theyfound.Butourplanetisrifewithextremelyrareminerals,whichsuggeststhatchanceoccurrencesalsoplayasignificantpart.Inaddition,ifwefoundanearth-liketwinelsewhereintheuniverse,manycommonmineralswouldlikelybethesame~butthatplanetwouldprobablyalsoholdmanymineralsunlikeanyexistinghere.

Thefindingsaren’tjustamatterofcuriosity.Somemineralsmayhavehelpedearlyorganismsemerge.Andunderstandingwhichmineralscouldhaveformedonearth-likeplanetsmayhelpscientistsbetterpredictwhichworldsarelikeliesttoharborlife.Conversely,somemineralsariseonlyinthepresenceoforganisms.SofindingpatternsinEarth’smineraldistributioncouldhelpscientistsidentifyamineralogicalsignatureforlife,andthensearchforitonotherplanets

Traditionally,mineralogyhasbeendominatedbyanalysisofthestructuresandformationofindividualminerals.Butina2008studyHazenandhiscolleaguestookamorehistoricalview.Theresearchersassessedearth’sknownmineralsandtriedtoestablishwhentheconditionswererightfortheirformation.Theteamconcludedthatabouttwo-thirdsofearth’smineralswouldnothaveemergeduntillifewaspresent.Forexample,earlymicroorganismsseededtheatmospherewithoxygen,whichinteractedwithexistingmineralstoyieldnewones.Hazenpointsoutthatthisso-calledGreatOxygenationEventhadarevolutionaryimpact,openingthedoortothousandsofnewminerals.

Hazenandcollaboratorsthensetouttoinvestigatetherolethatchanceplayedinmineralformation.First,theystudiedtherelationbetweenmineraldiversityandtheabundanceofindividualelementsinearth’scrust.Theyfoundthatthemoreabundanttheelement,themoremineralsitformed.Theythenperformedthesameexercisewithmineralsfromthemoon.Asimilarrelationshipheld,eventhoughthenumberofknownmineralsthereismuchsmaller.Thiscommontrendsuggestedanelementofdeterminism:Givenstartingchemicalconditions,onecouldpredict,toacertainextent,whichmineralswouldform.

Theteamdidfindoutliers,however,Hazen’steambelievestherearechemicalreasonsforthediscrepancies.Theirresultsstillsupporttheideaofdeterminism,saidco-authorEdwardGrew,apetrologistattheUniversityofMaine,because“wecanexplainwhythey’renotobeyingtherules.”PeterHeaney,amineralogistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,saidthatthereasonsgivenfortheoutliersmakesense.“WhatisimportantisthatHazenismakingusthinkaboutmineraldiversificationinanewway,”saidHeaney,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

Haran’steamalsofoundevidencefortheroleofchance.Theresearchersusedacrowd-sourceddatabasetoretrievemorethan650,000mineralostentationsatspecificlocationsaroundtheworld:22%ofallmineralswerereportedinonlyoneplace,12%inonlytwoplaces.Thepresenceofsomanyextremeraritiessuggeststhatrandomnessdoesplayarole,saidNASAastrobiologistChrisMcKay,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“That’sthehallmarkofchanceevents.”Theseraremineralsmightappearonlyunderfortuitouscircumstances,e.g.anunusualassemblyofrocksthatconcentrateselementstogether.

Whatwouldhappenifearth’shistorywerereplayed?Thereareabout15,300plausiblewaystocombinenaturallyoccurringelementintouniqueminerals,theresearchersestimate.Inarerunofearth,theysay,atleastone-quarteroftheplanet’sroughly5,000mineralswouldcomeoutdifferently.Inaddition,thelikelihoodthatanotherplanethasexactlythesamesetofmineralsasEarthislessthan1in10.Inotherwords,ourplanet’sprecisemineralcompositionisunlikelytobefoundanywhereelseintheuniverse.

1.Scientistsusethephilosophicalterm“deterministic”.（

）

2.AccordingtoChrisMcKay,ifsomethingonlyoccursonceortwiceinalargeandcomplexnaturalsystem.（

）

3.Basedonthisarticle,wemayconcludethatminerals.（

）

4.TheopinionofPeterHeaneyiscitedinthisarticle.（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheycommonlybelieveinafateordestinythatdefinesalloutcomes.

B.whensomethingcanbedeterminedorestablished,andthereforeknownwithclarity.

C.torefertothesmallnumberofthingsinnaturethatarenottheresultofpurechance.

D.torefertooutcomesresultingfromhardrulesorlawsactinginnaturalsystems.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaslightpossibilitythatitistheproductofchance.

B.thereisvirtuallynopossibilitythatitsexistenceisrandom

C.thereisaconsiderablelikelihoodthatitcameaboutrandomly.

D.itcanonlybetheproductofpurenecessityoperatinginthatsystem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.predatelifeandexistwhollyindependentlyofit.

B.aredependentonlifeformostoftheirpresentvarietyonEarth.

C.cannotyetbehistoricallycorrelatedwiththeevolutionoflife,atleastonEarth

D.willdisplayvarietyasgreataswhatweseeonEarthonplanetseverywhere

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausehehasnoapparentreasonotherthanthepersuasivenessofthescientificevidenceitselftosupportHazen’sviews.

B.becauseheisanexpertonminerals,andthusmorequalifiedthanotherscientistscitedinthearticletoevaluateHazen’sconclusions.

C.becauseheisaprofessoratauniversitywellknownforthehighqualityofitsresearchstaffintheearthsciences.

D.becauseheisanauthorityonstatisticaloutliersingeologicalfielddata.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deterministic定位至第十五段:MineralsonEarthmayindeedhavebeenguidedbydeterministicrulesthatcouldapplytootherworldsaswell(地球上的礦物質(zhì)有可能由確定性的規(guī)則來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而這些規(guī)則也可以運(yùn)用到其它地方去)?？芍颂幍膁eterministic與rules（規(guī)則）有關(guān),因此推測(cè)C項(xiàng)正確:指在自然系統(tǒng)內(nèi)嚴(yán)格遵守的規(guī)則和規(guī)律。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisMcKay定位至第二十段:Thepresenceofsomanyextremeraritiessuggeststhatrandomnessdoesplayarole(如此多的極端少數(shù)事件的存在意味著隨機(jī)性確實(shí)發(fā)揮了作用)。由此可知在一個(gè)大而復(fù)雜的自然系統(tǒng)內(nèi)只出現(xiàn)了一兩次，說(shuō)明其很大可能是隨機(jī)偶然出現(xiàn)，選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十七段:Theteamconcludedthatabouttwo-thirdsofearth’smineralswouldnothaveemergeduntillifewaspresent(研究小組得出結(jié)論,地球上大約三分之二的礦物質(zhì)是人類存在后才出現(xiàn)的)。所以選B:依靠地球上存在的大部分多元化的生命體。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞PeterHeaney定位至第十九段:“WhatisimportantisthatHazenismakingusthinkaboutmineraldiversificationinanewway,”saidHeaney(Heaney說(shuō):“重要的是，Hazen讓我們以一種新的方式思考礦物質(zhì)的多樣化”)。所以此處引用PeterHeaney的話是為了給Hazen提供論點(diǎn)支撐。因此A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槌丝茖W(xué)證據(jù)本身的說(shuō)服力之外,他沒(méi)有明顯的理由支持Hazen的觀點(diǎn)”正確。

3.單選題

7.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Johnlikesgambling.

B.Johnisveryfondofhisnewboss.

C.Johnhasupsanddownsinthenewcompany.

D.Johnhasapromisingfutureinthenewcompany.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Johnwantstomoveupwardandonwardwithhisnewcompany.

M:Heiswellqualifiedandthebossisintohim.

W:Soyouthinkhewillachievehisgoal?

M:Yeah!Ibethewill.

Q:Whatdidthemanmean?

【解析】男士說(shuō)John在新公司勝任新工作，受老板器重，并且肯定他會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

4.單選題

In1871theParisCommunewhich,asmentioned,wasthefirstsocialistrevolution,wasalsothelastonetotakeplaceinacountrythatwaspartofthecapitalistcenter.Thetwentiethcenturyinauguratedwiththe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheriesanewchapterinhistory.ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),inMexico(1910-1920),China(1911)and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.ThisawakeningofthepeoplesandnationsoftheperipherywascarriedforwardintheRevolutionof1917,theArabo-MuslimNahda,theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919,andtheformationoftheIndianCongress(1885).

Inreactiontothefirstlongcrisisofhistoricalcapitalism(1875-1950),thepeoplesoftheperipherybegantoliberatethemselvesaround1914-1917,mobilizingthemselvesundertheflagsofsocialism(Russia,China,Vietnam,Cuba)orofnationalliberation(India,Algeria)associatedtodifferentdegreeswithprogressivesocialreforms.Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.From1917tothetimewhenthe"Bandungproject"(1955-1980)ranoutofsteamandSovietismcollapsedin1990,theseweretheinitiativesthatdominatedthescene.

IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.NordoIseethe1914-1945periodexclusivelyas"the30years"warforthesuccessionto“Britishhegemony.”1seethisperiodalsoasthelongwarconductedbytheimperialistcentersagainstthefirstawakeningoftheperipheries(EastandSouth).

Thisfirstwaveoftheawakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheryworeoutformanyreasons,includingitsowninternallimitationsandcontradictions,andimperialism’ssuccessinfindingnewwaysofdominatingtheworldsystem(throughthecontroloftechnologicalinvention,accesstoresources,theglobalizedfinancialsystem,communicationandinformationtechnology,weaponsofmassdestruction).

Nevertheless,capitalismunderwentasecondlongcrisisthatbeganinthe1970s,exactlyonehundredyearsafterthefirstone.Thereactionsofcapitaltothiscrisiswerethesameasithadhadtothepreviousone:reinforcedconcentration,whichgaverisetogeneralizedmonopolycapitalism,globalization("liberal"),andfractionalization.Butthemomentoftriumph-thesecond"belleépoque,"from1990to2008,echoingthefirst"belleépoque,"from1890to1914-ofthenewcollectiveimperialismoftheTriad(theUnitedStates,Europe,andJapan)wasindeedbrief.Anewepochofchaos,wars,andrevolutionsemerged.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasrevolutioninthepassage?

2.Theword"Kondratieffcycles"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Howdothepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheriesforcethehistoricalcapitalismto“adjust”totheirfirstwaveofindependentinitiatives?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheideaoflastsentenceofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.The“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.

B.TheBritishhegemony.

C.TheEgyptianRevolutionof1919.

D.TheParisCommune.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aterminpolitics

B.atermineconomics

C.aterminecology

D.aterminsociology

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.throughsocialism.

B.throughnationalliberation.

C.throughindustrialization.

D.throughfinancialglobalization.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.Inthissituation,theimperialismhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

B.Thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantpositionsandtheyhadtoresorttothemilitarycontroltheplanetinthissituation.

C.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipheryhadalreadystarted,whichnowcouldn'tacceptthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadmaintainingitsdominantmilitarycontroloftheplanet.

D.Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,letaloneallowittoachievethisaimthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperipherynowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions.

B.Peopleintheperipheryhavenoalternativethantooptforadifferentdevelopmentpath.

C.Theinitiativeofthehistoricaldevelopmentspontaneouslypassestothepeoplesandnationsoftheperiphery.

D.Thetwentiethcenturyinaugurated—withthe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheries”-anewchapterinhistory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“In1871theParisCommune…ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),…and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905…theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919…”，所以英國(guó)的霸權(quán)主義文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.”，可知我并不會(huì)從長(zhǎng)期的康德拉蒂夫周期來(lái)看待壟斷資本主義衰退的兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期危機(jī)，而是歷史全球化資本主義衰落和向社會(huì)主義過(guò)渡的兩個(gè)階段?？赏茢喑鯧ondratieffcycles是與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.”，可知他們走上了工業(yè)化的道路，來(lái)強(qiáng)迫統(tǒng)治者“調(diào)整”以適應(yīng)第一次獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Inthissituation,thesecondwaveoftheawakeningofthenationsoftheperiphery(whichhadalreadystarted)nowrefusedtoallowthecollectiveimperialismoftheTriadtomaintainitsdominantpositions,otherthanthroughthemilitarycontroloftheplanet.”，可知在這種情況下，外圍國(guó)家的第二波覺(jué)醒已經(jīng)開始了，其拒絕讓三足鼎立的帝國(guó)主義保持它的統(tǒng)治地位，但帝國(guó)主義的軍事控制除外?？赏茢喑鲈谶@種情況下，帝國(guó)主義必須對(duì)全球繼續(xù)實(shí)施軍事控制。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文。第一段提及了20世紀(jì)的民族革命運(yùn)動(dòng)；第二段主要提到資本主義開始走上了工業(yè)化的道路來(lái)調(diào)整使其適應(yīng)獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)；接著第四段和第五段介紹了兩次民族覺(jué)醒革命。所以文章的主題以20世紀(jì)外圍民族的覺(jué)醒和革命運(yùn)動(dòng)展開。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlydiffersindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.differingonlyindegree

D.anddifferingindegreeonly

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onlydiffersindegree只是程度不同B.onlyindegreeitdiffers只是程度不同

C.differingonlyindegree只是程度不同D.anddifferingindegreeonly只是程度不同

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】空格處前面為一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，主語(yǔ)為“電阻”，系動(dòng)詞為“是”，表語(yǔ)為“所有材料的共同特性”；并且原句沒(méi)有連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞，所以該句并不是并列句或復(fù)合句。因此，空格處為句子的狀語(yǔ)，此處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，C選項(xiàng)differingonlyindegree符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)onlydiffersindegree，動(dòng)詞的三人稱單數(shù)為謂語(yǔ)形式，缺少連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞；

B選項(xiàng)onlyindegreeitdiffers，動(dòng)詞的三人稱單數(shù)為謂語(yǔ)形式，缺少連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞；

D選項(xiàng)anddifferingindegreeonly，有連詞and，不應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞形式differing）。

【句意】電阻是所有材料的共同特性，只是不同的材料的阻力大小不同。

6.單選題

Hewasabrilliantmusicianasaboy,buthenever（

）hisearlypromise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.completed

B.performed

C.concluded

D.fulfilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complete“完成，結(jié)束，使完整”；B選項(xiàng)perform“表演，執(zhí)行”；C選項(xiàng)conclude“推斷出，得出結(jié)論，（使）結(jié)束”；D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行（諾言等），執(zhí)行”。根據(jù)promise（承諾）可知選D。句意：他小時(shí)候是一位才華橫溢的音樂(lè)家，但他從來(lái)沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)早期的諾言。

7.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deterioration“惡化”；B選項(xiàng)differentiation“變異”；C選項(xiàng)diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”；D選項(xiàng)donation“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：醫(yī)生們非常擔(dān)心手術(shù)后病人的病情惡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Itishardfortheyoungpeopletoimaginewhatsevereconditionstheirparentsoncelivedunder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sincere

B.hard

C.strict

D.tight

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sincere“真誠(chéng)的”；B選項(xiàng)hard“艱難的”；C選項(xiàng)strict“嚴(yán)格的”；D選項(xiàng)tight“緊的，密封的”。句意：年輕人很難想象他們的父母曾經(jīng)生活在多么艱苦的條件下。B選項(xiàng)與劃線詞詞義最接近，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Shehasbutafaint（

）ofdialecticalmaterialism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sacrifice

B.reaction

C.notion

D.clue

【答案】C

【解析】sacrifice犧牲；reaction反應(yīng)；notion概念；clue線索。句意:她對(duì)辯證唯物主義只有一個(gè)模糊的概念。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftreesthatwereaquiverwiththenewspringlife.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Inthestreetbelowapeddlerwascryinghiswares.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedfaintly,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves.

Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathasmetandpiledoneabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.

Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.

【答案】她能夠看見(jiàn)屋前廣場(chǎng)上樹木的樹梢在新春的氣息中顫動(dòng)著?？諝庵袕浡旰蟮那逑?。街角處一個(gè)商販正在叫賣。遠(yuǎn)處的歌聲隱約傳來(lái)，無(wú)數(shù)麻雀在屋檐下嘰嘰喳喳地叫著。

透過(guò)窗戶往上看，一片片藍(lán)天從云層中穿過(guò)，層層疊疊顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。她坐著，腦袋向后仰在椅子靠墊上，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只是喉嚨中的抽泣聲將她搖了起來(lái)，如同一個(gè)哭著睡著的孩子在夢(mèng)中繼續(xù)抽泣一般。

她很年輕，有一張白皙、平靜的臉，臉部線條顯示出一種壓抑甚至是某種力量。但是現(xiàn)在她眼神呆滯，目光正盯著那片蔚藍(lán)的天空。這不是條件反射地一瞥，而是智慧思考的停頓。

11.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。表示人口密集應(yīng)該用densely，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

Theyadmittedthattheysharedthesame（）onthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Potentiality

B.sentiment

C.postscript

D.subscription

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。potentiality潛能，潛力；sentiment情操，情感；postscript附言，后記；subscription訂金；捐獻(xiàn)。sharedthesame后接選項(xiàng)D,表示在這件事上出相同的訂金。

13.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認(rèn)為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見(jiàn)跡象，而且也有助于感覺(jué)本身。

14.翻譯題

低碳生活對(duì)于我們普通人來(lái)說(shuō)是一種態(tài)度，我們應(yīng)該積極提倡并去實(shí)踐，從自己做起，從節(jié)約水電這些點(diǎn)滴做起。除了植樹，有的人買運(yùn)輸里程很短的商品，還有人堅(jiān)持爬樓梯，形形色色，非常有趣?！暗吞忌睢钡睦砟钪饾u被世界各國(guó)所接受。低碳生活的出現(xiàn)不僅告訴人們可以為減碳做些什么，還告訴人們可以怎么做。

【答案】Low-carbonlifeisanattitudeforordinarypeople,andweshouldactivelyadvocateandpracticelow-carbonlifebydoingitfromourselvesandbystartingbitbybitfromsavingwaterandelectricity.Besidesplantingtrees,somepeoplepurchasegoodswithinashortdeliverydistanceandotherssticktoclimbingstairs.Peopledovariousthingstolivealow-carbonlife,whichisreallyinteresting.“Low-carbonlife”concepthasgraduallybeenacceptedworldwide.Theemergenceoflow-carbonlifestylenotonlyintroducestopeoplewhattheycandoforcarbonreduction,butalsotellsthemhowtheycandoit.

15.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項(xiàng)excessively“過(guò)度地”；C選項(xiàng)extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)，表示“非常有價(jià)值”。句意：你的建議對(duì)他非常有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

16.單選題

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)asaresult“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)considering“考慮到……”；C選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么，不管怎樣”；D選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物體，不論其獨(dú)特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化學(xué)和物理特性。根據(jù)句意，可以看出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshavefiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeasfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Buifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhints,fromthetwistandturnofthefistsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofhumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

Letmecometothepointboldly;whatgovernstheEnglishmanishisinneratmosphere,theweatherinhissoul.Itisnothingspiritualormysterious.When,inhisgardenorbyhisfire，hesprawlsinanaggressivelycomfortablechair;whenheischoosinghisclothesorhisprofession—neverisitaprecisereason,orpurpose,orouterfactthatdetermineshim;itisalwaystheatmosphereofhisinnerman.

【答案】既然書有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說(shuō)起來(lái)很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說(shuō)必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見(jiàn)。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見(jiàn)，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來(lái)，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來(lái)要明確得多的東西。

讓我直接切入正題：支配英國(guó)人的是他內(nèi)心的情調(diào)，靈魂深處的氣象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花園中或者壁爐旁，他會(huì)伸展四肢躺在一張舒服的椅子上；當(dāng)挑選衣服或者職業(yè)時(shí)，并不是有明確的理由、目的，或者外部條件來(lái)制約他的決定，僅僅取決于他內(nèi)在的情調(diào)。

18.單選題

ProfessorSmithandBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.alternate

C.change

D.alter

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。differ“與……不同”；alternate“交流，輪流，交替發(fā)生”；change“改變”；a