書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南藝術(shù)學(xué)院文華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

“Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.

Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthosewhothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Adviceto“sleeponit”couldbewellfounded,scientistssay.

Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedinsurmountablethenightbeforecanoftenappearmoremanageable,althoughtheevidenceuntilnowhasbeenanecdotal.ButresearchersattheUniversityofLuebekinGermanyhavedesignedanexperimentthatshowsagoodnight’ssleepcanimproveinsightandproblem-solving.“Ifyouhavesomenewlyacquiredmemoriesinyourbrainsleepactsonthesememories,restructuresthem,sothataftersleepinsightintoaproblemwhichyoucouldnotsolvebeforeincreases.”SaidDr.JanBorn,aneuroscientist,attheuniversity.

HecreatedMickeyMouseandproducedthefirstfull-lengthanimatedmovie.Heinventedthethemeparkandoriginatedthemodemmultimediacorporation.Forbetterorworse,hisinnovationshaveshapedourworldandthewayweexperienceit.ButthemostsignificantthingWaltDisneymadewasagoodnameforhimself.

Itwas,ofcourse,longagoconvertedintoabrandname,constantlyfussedover,ferociouslydefended,firstbyDisney,latterlybyhiscorporateheirsandassigns.Servingasabeaconforparentsseekingclean,decententertainmentfortheirchildren,theDisneylogo-astylizedversionofthefounder’ssignature—moregenerallypromisesusthatanythingappearingbeneathiswillnotveertoofarfromthesafe,soundandaboveallcheerfulAmericanmainstream,whichitdefinesasmuchasserves.

Nowthedreadfulwinterwascomeuponthem.

Intheforest,allsummerlong,thebranchesofthetreesdobattleforlight,andsomeofthemloseanddie;andthencometheragingblasts,andthestormsofsnowandhail,andstrewthegroundwiththeseweakerbranches.JustsoitwasinPackingtown;thewholedistrictbraceditselfforthestrugglethatwasanagony,andthosewhosetimehascomediedoffinhordes.

ItwasTipperGore’sfirstsolocampaignoutingoftheyear,addaylongsprintacrossNewHampshireonamiserablesnowydayinJanuary.Mrs.Gorecheerfullytrudgedfromhospitaltomeetinghall,shakinghands,talkingupherhusband—andgivingvotersanup-closelookattheladywhowouldbeFirstLady.BackhomeinWashington,A1Gorespentthedaywonderinghowhiswifewasreallyhandlingthenorthernexposure.Privateandwaryoftherigorsofcampaignlife.Tipperhasoftenbeenareluctantpublicfigure.

【答案】如果我們的時(shí)間得到充分利用，或者會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些有用而且重要的產(chǎn)品，這些產(chǎn)品能在市場(chǎng)上賣出相應(yīng)的價(jià)錢；或者它會(huì)增加我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提高我們的能力，當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)來臨時(shí)，使我們能夠掙錢。

睡了一晚好覺之后，前一天晚上看似無法克服的問題，往往會(huì)變得更容易處理，盡管現(xiàn)今為止這種說法只是軼事。

當(dāng)然在很久以前它就變成了一個(gè)商標(biāo)名稱，這個(gè)商標(biāo)不斷被紛擾，受到猛烈的辯護(hù)，先是迪斯尼，后來是他的公司繼承人和受讓人。

在森林中，整個(gè)夏天，樹木的枝干都在微微顫動(dòng)，有些枝干會(huì)枯死；然后是猛烈的狂風(fēng)，暴風(fēng)雪和冰雹，把這些較弱的樹枝撒在地上。

他對(duì)競(jìng)選活動(dòng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性的私密和警覺，使Tipper經(jīng)常不情愿地成為公眾人物。

2.單選題

FrancisFordCoppola,whoconceived,co-authored,and（）GodfatherII,isoneofAmerica’smosttalentedfilmmakers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directorof

B.directed

C.hedirected

D.directing

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。通讀題干和選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)and前conceived,co-authored可知and后應(yīng)當(dāng)填入與之詞性相近的詞。句意：弗朗西斯?福特?科波拉（FrancisFordCoppola）是美國最有才華的電影制作人之一，他構(gòu)想、合作……創(chuàng)作了《教父2》（GodfatherII）。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)“指導(dǎo)”符合題意，因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemayignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingresourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.

(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedlymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchadevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

42.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin（）.

43.InmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas（）.

44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans（）.

45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.

B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.

C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.

D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.woodresources

B.technologicalresources

C.naturalresources

D.coalresource

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.receivedgreatattentionfromthegovernments

B.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomy

C.affectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbefore

D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lawsuit

B.interest

C.attention

D.expense

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?

B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.

C.Technologiesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.

D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段第二句thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.（一個(gè)環(huán)境（極地、沙漠、叢林）的本質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了適合該環(huán)境的技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使人們能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境。）可知，技術(shù)可以使人成功適應(yīng)環(huán)境，所以B項(xiàng)“技術(shù)使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境”正確。A項(xiàng)“環(huán)境使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)新技術(shù)”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的發(fā)展完全依賴于自然環(huán)境”，沒有過分強(qiáng)調(diào)技術(shù)的發(fā)展依賴與環(huán)境，C選項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)；D項(xiàng)“缺乏應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境問題的技術(shù)是由于缺乏自然資源造成的”偷換概念，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選B。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中我們可以推斷出，在19世紀(jì)，英國可能在……是富有的”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.（英國從以木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)到以煤為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)的逐步轉(zhuǎn)變始于伊麗莎白時(shí)代，一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)末。）可知，18世紀(jì)的煤炭資源很豐富，才能進(jìn)行基于煤炭的科技。因此D項(xiàng)“煤炭資源”正確。A項(xiàng)“木材資源”，文中提到英國已經(jīng)從木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱嗣禾繛榛A(chǔ)的技術(shù)，所以A項(xiàng)不選；B項(xiàng)“技術(shù)資源”過于籠統(tǒng)；C項(xiàng)“自然資源”文章沒有提到。故該題選D。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在現(xiàn)代西方社會(huì)，環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)……”。第二段第四句提到Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（總的來說，近15年來，廣泛的環(huán)境意識(shí)的逐漸發(fā)展，環(huán)境利益集團(tuán)的游說和訴訟活動(dòng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)署為了響應(yīng)國會(huì)的授權(quán)而發(fā)布和加強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)方針顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境的重視。）由此可知，政府，機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境越來越重視，所以A項(xiàng)“受到政府的高度重視”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上造成了嚴(yán)重的混亂”和C項(xiàng)“比以前更直接地影響了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“變得越來越重要，但得到的關(guān)注卻越來越少”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。故該題選A。

44.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“文章最后一個(gè)句子中劃線的單詞‘heed’的意思是……”。A項(xiàng)“訴訟”，B項(xiàng)“利益”，C項(xiàng)“注意”，D項(xiàng)“損失，代價(jià)”。根據(jù)heed可以定位到第二段havemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境的重視）可知，heed在原文中的意思是“注意”，選項(xiàng)中只有attention符合，故該題選C。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么”。根據(jù)文章的中心句Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.（當(dāng)然，自然環(huán)境總是制約著技術(shù)。）和后文論述的環(huán)境與科技的關(guān)系，可知科技發(fā)展的同時(shí)要重視環(huán)境，所以D項(xiàng)“在技術(shù)的發(fā)展中，環(huán)境是最值得重視的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自然能對(duì)技術(shù)做出什么貢獻(xiàn)？”，B項(xiàng)“環(huán)境有時(shí)會(huì)阻礙技術(shù)的進(jìn)步”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“各種技術(shù)都應(yīng)該為自然環(huán)境服務(wù)”，該項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)。故該題選D。

4.單選題

Don’trun（

）theideathatScotsmenaremean.Theyjustdon’tlikewastingmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infor

B.into

C.awayfrom

D.awaywith

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不要輕率地下結(jié)論說蘇格蘭人很吝嗇。他們只是不想浪費(fèi)錢。

考查固定搭配。runawaywiththeidea輕易接受（意見、看法等）。

5.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問這三項(xiàng)有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音開頭提到“在今天的講座中，我們將看到三個(gè)非常有趣的研究，它們暗示了人類嬰兒驚人的能力（abilitiesofhumanbabies）”，因此A選項(xiàng)“人類嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項(xiàng)“成年人對(duì)兒童的影響”，三個(gè)研究雖有成年人參與，但這些研究并不是研究成年人對(duì)兒童的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“不同新生哺乳動(dòng)物在認(rèn)知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容，而不是本周；D選項(xiàng)“人類嬰兒和動(dòng)物嬰兒之間的相似之處”，錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒，第二項(xiàng)研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？在第二項(xiàng)研究中，提到音樂氛圍的變化對(duì)3個(gè)月大的嬰兒沒有影響，但對(duì)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒來說，這足以重新引起他們的興趣，這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們能分辨出快樂的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡快樂的旋律勝過悲傷的旋律”和B選項(xiàng)“他們聽音樂時(shí)很容易睡著”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問1980年那項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音中提到，該項(xiàng)研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒（infantemotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的行為”并沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“嬰兒和成人的互動(dòng)”，利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾，但錄音是說嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時(shí)臉部的表情，不是嬰兒自己的interactions，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，facialexpressions在這項(xiàng)研究中很重要，但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的，因此D選項(xiàng)不選。

6.翻譯題

Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughourageexceedsallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrespondingincreaseinwisdom.Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine“wisdom”andconsidermeansofpromotingit.

Thereareseveralfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OfthemIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattacheachitsdueweigh.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecialknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechniques.Suppose,forexample,thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine.Theworkislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourmind.Youhavenotimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyourdiscoveriesorinventionsmayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine.Yousucceedinenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath-rateintheworld.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthepartsoftheworldthathavethegreatestpopulations.Totakeanevenmoredramaticexample,youstudythemakeupoftheatomfromadisinterested(無利害關(guān)系的)desireforknowledge,andbychanceplaceinthehandsofapowerfulmadmanthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.

Therefore,witheveryincreaseofknowledgeandskill,wisdombecomesmorenecessary,foreverysuchincreaseaugmentsourcapacityforrealizingourpurposes,andthereforeaugmentsourcapacityforevil,ifourpurposesareunwise.

【答案】【參考譯文】

大多數(shù)人會(huì)認(rèn)同，雖然我們現(xiàn)在的時(shí)代在知識(shí)方面超過了以前的任何一個(gè)時(shí)代，但在智慧方面并沒有相應(yīng)的增長。但是，一旦我們?cè)噲D給智慧下定義并想辦法提升智慧，達(dá)成一致的意見就不復(fù)存在。

有幾個(gè)因素有助于增長智慧。其中，我首先要講的是一種比例感，即在一個(gè)問題中考慮到所有重要因素，并給予每個(gè)因素應(yīng)有的份量的能力。這比過去更加困難，因?yàn)楦鞣N技術(shù)需要更加廣泛和復(fù)雜的專業(yè)知識(shí)。例如，假設(shè)你正在參與醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的研究，這工作很可能需要你全身心投入，你沒有時(shí)間考慮你的發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)明在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域之外可能產(chǎn)生的影響。你大幅度地降低了世界上嬰兒的死亡率，這也造成了完全意想不到的結(jié)果：世界上人口最多的地區(qū)糧食供應(yīng)不足，生活水平降低。再舉一個(gè)更生動(dòng)的例子，你研究原子的組成是出于對(duì)知識(shí)的渴望，無關(guān)利害，卻無意中讓勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大、又喪心病狂的人掌握了毀滅人類的方法。

因此，隨著知識(shí)和技能的每一次增長，智慧就變得越發(fā)必要，因?yàn)橹R(shí)和技能的每一次增長都會(huì)提高我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的能力。因此，如果我們動(dòng)機(jī)不純，也會(huì)提高我們作惡的能力。

7.單選題

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.collided

B.savaged

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collided“（偶然）碰撞，沖突，（不同的觀念、想法等）碰撞（而產(chǎn)生有趣結(jié)果）”；B選項(xiàng)savaged“亂咬，粗暴的對(duì)待，兇猛地攻擊”；C選項(xiàng)crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D選項(xiàng)hampered“阻礙，限制”。句意：如果委員們不能達(dá)成一致意見，該委員會(huì)將處處受阻。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevalent

B.turbulent

C.destructive

D.cumulative

【答案】C

【解析】句意:颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng)，其破壞性的力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。

考查形容詞辨析。Prevalent普遍的；流行的；turbulent動(dòng)亂的；猛烈的；destructive毀滅性的；摧毀性的；cumulative累積的；漸增的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Theterm“evaluation”,sometimescalled“institutional”inhighereducation,hasadifferentconnotationfrom“measurement”and“assessment”asdefinedhere.Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.Forexample,ifanindividual’sexaminationscoreis76,isitworthan“A”ora“B”grade?Shouldtheindividualbepromotedtothenextlevelofanundergraduatedegreeprogram?Theprocessbywhichstandardsandcriteriaareappliedtomakesuchdecisionsiscalledevaluation.Evaluations,thus,aremotivatedbyandcloselytiedtostakeholderneedsforinformationthatspeaktoparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.Formativeevaluationeffortsaredesignedforcontinuousqualityimprovementofparticularinstitutionalunits,suchasadepartment,school,program,orindividualstaff/facultyandstudents.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.Anassumptionisthatallunitsinanorganizationstriveforexcellence,andthatongoingdatagenerationwillinformthedevelopmentandprogressofvariousunitsandtheinstitutionasawhole.Forexample,individualfacultyandprogramsmaywishtouseresultsofstudentoutcomesassessmentformativelytoimproveteachingmethodsorprovideaddedlearningsupportstounder-preparedstudents.

Forassessmentinformationtobeusefulinaformativeway,evaluationresearchers/usershavetobeabletoexplainthecausalmechanismsandchainofevents/actionsthatledtotheresults:IfwefailedtogetoutcomeYinthisprogram,whatshouldhavehappenedthatfailedtohappen?Fordiagnosticutilityintheinformation,therehastobeafocusonmeasuringnotjustoutcomes,butalsotheprecedingactivities(processes)andexpectedresources(inputs).

Attheinstitutionallevel,summativeevaluationsandassociateddecisionsofteninvolveaccountabilityactions,resourceallocationsorwithdrawalofresources,impositionofsanctions,institutionalaccreditation,orrecognition/rewardsforindividuals,programsortheinstitution.Forindividualstudents,summativeevaluationscaninvolveplacementoradmissionintoselectiveprogramsbasedonadmissionstesting,suchasbasedonscoredoftheSAT(previouslytheScholasticAssessmentTest).Forfaculty,theycaninvolvegrantingoftenure,meritrecognitions,andrelatedpayraisesorpromotions.

1.Howcan“data-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructs”inthefirstparagraphbeprocessed?

2.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedbythefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutevaluation?

4.Thehighlightedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Viaparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

B.Viaappropriatemeasuringorassessmenttools.

C.Viaobjectiveassumptions.

D.Viainterpretationandjudgments.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.individualstaff/facultyandstudents

B.accreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

C.governmentagencies.

D.upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurementinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.

B.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.

C.Forformativeevaluations,resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,reflectionsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.

D.Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.selectiveprograms

B.admissions

C.summativeevaluations

D.individualstudents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Assessment

B.AssessmentandEvaluation

C.FormativeEvaluation

D.Evaluation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.”，可知數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)的過程通常會(huì)伴隨著更復(fù)雜的活動(dòng)，即為生成的信息添加一些解釋價(jià)值和判斷?？膳袛喑鲂枰ㄟ^解釋和判斷對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodies…”，可知在美國，總結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)通常是由外部刺激而成的，包括政府機(jī)構(gòu)、州、高級(jí)學(xué)院/大學(xué)管理人員和認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)。所以文中沒有提及教職員及學(xué)生。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.”，可知選項(xiàng)A正確，可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.”，可知選項(xiàng)B正確，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.”，可知C選項(xiàng)中reflections不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.”，可知選項(xiàng)D正確，可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。上文舉了制度層面和單個(gè)學(xué)生等的具體實(shí)例來說明和闡述了總結(jié)性評(píng)估涉及的領(lǐng)域，所以最后一句中的they就是代指上文提到的summativeevaluations。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，第一段提到了“評(píng)估”的概念和定義，第二段主要講到了評(píng)估的類型和影響因素，第四段著重介紹了格式化評(píng)估的方式和特點(diǎn)，最后一段繼續(xù)講到了評(píng)估涉及的方面和領(lǐng)域。所以整篇文章都在圍繞“評(píng)估”這個(gè)中心詞展開。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea（

）sothatfoodcanmove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.truth

B.trace

C.truce

D.trap

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。truth意為“真理”；trace意為“痕跡，蹤跡”；truce意為“休戰(zhàn)”；trap意為“陷阱，詭計(jì)”。

句意：如果美國人的和平會(huì)談使政黨團(tuán)結(jié)，他們的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)是安排休戰(zhàn)，這樣食品才能運(yùn)輸。

11.單選題

Enteringthefurniturestore,Mr.Thompsontookafewminutesto_______throughthecatalogandgotasenseofwhatkindsofsofawereinpopulardemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaze

B.stare

C.shuffle

D.riffle

【答案】D

【解析】gaze注視,凝視;stare凝視,盯著看;shuffle攪亂,推諉;riffle迅速翻閱，rifflethrough很快地（漫不經(jīng)心地）翻閱。句意：走進(jìn)家具店之后,Thompson先生用了幾分鐘時(shí)間快速瀏覽了一下目錄，了解了一下什么樣的沙發(fā)最受歡迎。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時(shí),一提起。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

人類文明的歷史與人類學(xué)習(xí)如何利用水資源的歷史密不可分。

這些建筑物通常都是傍依懸崖而建的，既為了建設(shè)便利，也為了抵御敵人的侵犯。

西南地區(qū)非常干旱，水源稀少。

他寫作不為名，不圖利，是因?yàn)樗幸环N燃燒的渴望，一種表達(dá)快樂的渴望。

Bramley大學(xué)為注冊(cè)的國際學(xué)生提供7類獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金以幫助他們解決課程的費(fèi)用問題。

【答案】Thehistoryofhumancivilizationiscloselyrelatedtothehistoryofhuman’slearningofhowtomakeuseofwaterresources.

Thesebuildingswereusuallybuiltagainstcliffs,bothforconvenientconstructionThesouthwesternregionisverydryandthewaterisscarce.

Hewritesneitherforfamenorforprofit,becausehehasastrongdesirewhichcanexpresshishappiness.

TheBramleyUniversityprovidessevenkindsofscholarshipforregisteredinternationalstudents,theaimistohelpthemsolvetheproblemofcoursecost.

14.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故選D。

15.單選題

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。release“釋放；允許發(fā)表”；relieve“解除；減輕；使放心”；remove“移動(dòng)；開除”；rely“依靠，信賴”。句意：他從不認(rèn)為，變得殘疾……他所有對(duì)自己和社區(qū)的道德責(zé)任?？芍皽p輕”更合適，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalawofclassicalchemistrythatrelateschemicalreactionratetotemperature.AccordingtotheArrheniusequation,chemicalreactionsareincreasinglyunlikelytooccurastemperaturesapproachabsolutezero,andatabsolutezero(zerodegreesKelvin,orminus273degreesCelsius)reactionsstop.However,recentexperimentalevidencerevealsthatalthoughtheArrheniusequationisgenerallyaccurateindescribingthekindofchemicalreactionthatoccursatrelativelyhightemperatures,attemperaturesclosertozeroaquantum-mechanicaleffectknownastunnelingcomesintoplay;thiseffectaccountsforchemicalreactionsthatareforbiddenbytheprinciplesofclassicalchemistry.Specifically,entiremoleculescan‘"tunnel”throughthebarriersofrepulsiveforcesfromothermoleculesandchemicallyreacteventhoughthesemoleculesdonothavesufficientenergy,accordingtoclassicalchemistry,toovercometherepulsivebarrier.

Therateofanychemicalreaction,regardlessofthetemperatureatwhichittakesplace,usuallydependsonaveryimportantcharacteristicknownasitsactivationenergy.Anymoleculecanbeimaginedtoresideatthebottomofaso-calledpotentialwellofenergy.Achemicalreactioncorrespondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.Inclassicalchemistry,suchatransitioncanbeaccomplishedonlybygoingoverthepotentialbarrierbetweenthewells,theheightofwhichremainconstantandarecalledtheactivationenergyofthereaction.Intunneling,thereacting