書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京特殊教育師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sometimes______toplacephysicsandchemistryintoseparatecategories.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatisdifficult

B.isdifficult

C.itisdifficult

D.thatisdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有時(shí)很難把物理和化學(xué)分成不同類別。Itisdifficulttodosth.意為“做某事很困難”，所以C選項(xiàng)itisdifficult符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Competition,theybelieve,（

）thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enforce“強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”，confirm“確定”，intensify“使變得更強(qiáng)烈”，strengthen“增強(qiáng)力量”。句意：他們相信競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能增強(qiáng)民族性，而不是使民族墮落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glowing“灼熱的；熱情洋溢的；鮮艷的”；B選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的；感覺(jué)的；靈敏的；感光的；易受傷害的；易受影響的”；C選項(xiàng)brilliant“燦爛的，閃耀的；杰出的；有才氣的；精彩的，絕妙的”；D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的；陰郁的”。句意：雖然貓?jiān)谕耆诎抵锌床灰?jiàn)東西，但它們的眼睛比人眼對(duì)光更敏感。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Influenzaiscausedbyavirus()oneperson()anotherindropletscoughedorsneezedintotheair.Itischaracterizedbycoldlikesymptomspluschills,fever,headaches,muscleaches,andfatigue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transferredfrom...to

B.transmittedfrom...to

C.transactedfrom...to

D.transcendfrom...to

【答案】B

【解析】transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；transmit傳播；transact交易，談判；transcend勝過(guò)，超越。句意：流感是由一種病毒通過(guò)咳嗽或打噴嚏的飛沫在空氣中一個(gè)傳給另一個(gè)引起的，它的特點(diǎn)是感冒的癥狀加上寒戰(zhàn)、發(fā)燒、頭痛、肌肉疼痛和疲勞。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī)，所以這應(yīng)該有助于解決她的假牙問(wèn)題。should表示有較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的推測(cè)，且根據(jù)句意可知，這里時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點(diǎn)？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個(gè)獨(dú)特的觀測(cè)站，用來(lái)探測(cè)世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測(cè)量結(jié)果?！彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c(diǎn)是D選項(xiàng)“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個(gè)被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會(huì)是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會(huì)變成一個(gè)稀疏的島嶼群。”確定D選項(xiàng)“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘關(guān)于干河谷，下列哪個(gè)是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來(lái)了希望。”確定B選項(xiàng)“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來(lái)了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是？’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問(wèn)題，所以B選項(xiàng)“南極洲和環(huán)境問(wèn)題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當(dāng)感覺(jué)自己處于一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時(shí)，科學(xué)家們變得非常興奮。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.問(wèn)答題

Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaughs.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoid（1）humor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,

（2）

turn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveuniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.

Thelittleman

（3）

oddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughed

（4）

thesameway.”

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingle

（5）

anearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremoved

（6）

comedy.Soweneverget&lopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooften

（7）

thebrinkofwar,politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsense

（

8）

proportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingled

（9）

asman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative—thesearequalitiesweshare

（10）

otherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

devoid(inparagraph1)

plague(inparagraph1)

stereotype(inparagraph1)

fanatic(inparagraph3)

satire(inparagraph4)

somber(inparagraph4)

redress(inparagraph4)

absurd(inparagraph4)

weep(inparagraph4)

initiative(inparagraph5)

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。由文章第一句可知我們與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于我們有笑的能力，因此后面要表達(dá)的是沒(méi)有幽默感，與前面相對(duì)應(yīng)。devoidof意為“缺乏，缺少”。

試題答案：of

2.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。atoddswithsociety意為“與社會(huì)格格不入”。

試題答案：at

4.考查介詞搭配。inthesameway意為“同樣地”。

試題答案：in

5.考查介詞搭配。from...to意為“從……到……”。此句意為：幽默感有各種表現(xiàn)形式，笑可以是從微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一樣的。

試題答案：to

6.考查介詞搭配。farremovedfrom意為“與……相差太遠(yuǎn)”。此句意為：我們總是被提醒，悲劇并沒(méi)有真正遠(yuǎn)離喜劇。

試題答案：from

7.考查介詞搭配。onthebrinkof意為“瀕于，瀕臨”。

試題答案：on

8.考查介詞搭配。senseof意為“……的感覺(jué)”

試題答案：of

9.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的“Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman（但幽默感是人類特有的）”可知此處表示幽默感最為人類最重要的一個(gè)品質(zhì)，應(yīng)該被單獨(dú)提出來(lái)。besignedout意為“被單獨(dú)提出來(lái)”。

試題答案：out

10.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與……分享，共用”。此句意為：勇氣、決心、主動(dòng)性—這些是我們與其他生命形式共同擁有的品質(zhì)。

試題答案：with

1.試題答案：缺乏的

2.試題答案：給……造成困擾，折磨

3.試題答案：模式，刻板印象

4.試題答案：極端分子，狂熱者

5.試題答案：諷刺

6.試題答案：低沉的，陰暗的

7.試題答案：補(bǔ)償

8.試題答案：荒謬的

9.試題答案：哭泣

10.試題答案：創(chuàng)造性，主動(dòng)性

9.單選題

Ifoundthisveryprofitableindiminishingtheintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessening

B.reflecting

C.removing

D.increasing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。diminish（其現(xiàn)在分詞為diminishing）“使減少；使變小”；A選項(xiàng)lessen（其現(xiàn)在分詞為lessening）“減少；使縮小，使減輕”；B選項(xiàng)reflect（其現(xiàn)在分詞為reflecting）“反映；反射；反省”；C選項(xiàng)remove（其現(xiàn)在分調(diào)為removing）“移動(dòng)，遷移；調(diào)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)increase（其現(xiàn)在分詞為increasing）“增加，加大”。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)于減少狹隘的偏見(jiàn)非常有益。根據(jù)句中“veryprofitable非常有利可圖”與“theintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice偏見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)度”可知diminish在這里的意思為“減少”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結(jié)果是,生產(chǎn)";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計(jì)劃明年生產(chǎn)一萬(wàn)臺(tái)電腦以滿足市場(chǎng)的需求。turnout在這里是生產(chǎn)的意思,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Artistictechniquescan______thetheatricalperformancesandexpressions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.underwrite

B.underscore

C.underlie

D.underplay

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)underwrite“承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任，提供財(cái)力支持”，B項(xiàng)underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)；劃線于……下”，C項(xiàng)underlie“成為……的基礎(chǔ)；位于……之下”，D項(xiàng)underplay“表演不充分；對(duì)……輕描淡寫”。根據(jù)句子意思“藝術(shù)技巧可以……戲劇表演和表達(dá)”，可推斷，空格處填入underscore“加強(qiáng)，突出”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：藝術(shù)技巧可以突出戲劇表演和表現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講太多公司在沒(méi)有了解國(guó)外的語(yǔ)言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷，付出了昂貴的代價(jià)。也就是說(shuō)文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)，這里是指犯了營(yíng)銷的錯(cuò)誤。所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是講：翻譯錯(cuò)誤是國(guó)際廣告中許多錯(cuò)誤的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是舉例說(shuō)明，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容，一位美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場(chǎng)，但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒(méi)有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是，在南美許多國(guó)家，“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容可知，為了防止不同國(guó)家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的方法，我們需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免開(kāi)玩笑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

13.單選題

Poorconditions,badhousing,unemploymentandracismtaketheir（

）onblackpeople'smentalhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.risk

B.harm

C.toll

D.chance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。risk意為“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)”；harm意為“損害，傷害”；toll意為“（道路、橋梁的）通行費(fèi)，（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難等造成的）毀壞”；chance意為“機(jī)會(huì)，機(jī)遇”。

句意：不好的條件、惡劣的住房、失業(yè)和種族主義對(duì)黑人的精神健康有傷害。

14.單選題

Thereare（

）periodsinanimal’slifewhenitiscapableoflearningagreatdealinaveryshorttime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.violent

C.serious

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。urgent意為“急迫的”；violent意為“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意為“嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)肅的”；critical意為“批評(píng)的，愛(ài)挑剔的”。

句意：動(dòng)物的一生當(dāng)中總會(huì)有一段暴力階段，那段時(shí)間它可以在短期內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)很多的東西。

15.單選題

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國(guó)家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推斷“culprits”是對(duì)“反疫苗者”的介紹。因此D項(xiàng)“做壞事（不道德行為）的某人”正確。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國(guó)家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A項(xiàng)“那些拒絕為孩子接種所有疫苗的人”。

3.判斷推理題。A:在疾病預(yù)防上，富裕國(guó)家沒(méi)有貧窮國(guó)家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但對(duì)于一些需要接種疫苗而疫苗存在安全隱患的疾病來(lái)說(shuō)，上述模式正好相反。許多落后國(guó)家實(shí)施高效疫苗接種方案)。因此A正確。B:富國(guó)正在努力根除，而貧窮國(guó)家卻不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消滅疾病是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提出的目標(biāo)，落后的國(guó)家則要很努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))。C:他們?cè)诟粐?guó)找不到出路，只有在窮國(guó)。文章并未體現(xiàn)此項(xiàng)。D:僅僅在貧窮國(guó)家卷土重來(lái)。根據(jù)第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題選A。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消滅)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。A:如果人們接種疫苗，那么所有疾病將根除。此選項(xiàng)在文中找不到依據(jù)。B：反疫苗者可能成為爆發(fā)的源頭，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槿壕?。倒?shù)第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因?yàn)樗麄兇蠖酁槿壕由?，這可能使得他們成為疾病爆發(fā)的源頭)，因此B項(xiàng)符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。C:自閉癥和MMR疫苗之間有聯(lián)系。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella(許多人曾被一個(gè)說(shuō)法所動(dòng)搖，該說(shuō)法聲稱麻疹、腮腺炎、風(fēng)疹三聯(lián)疫苗（MMR疫苗）會(huì)導(dǎo)致自閉癥一一這一說(shuō)法后遭拆穿)，因此C項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。D:太多疫苗會(huì)使得孩子的免疫系統(tǒng)超負(fù)荷。很多家長(zhǎng)推遲或選擇性接種疫苗的原因，不是作者的態(tài)度。因此選B。

16.單選題

Herfamilytakes（）overherwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.percentage

B.priority

C.perspect

D.preparation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比；百分率”；B選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)”；C選項(xiàng)perspect“專輯名稱”；D選項(xiàng)preparation“預(yù)備；準(zhǔn)備。句意：對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，家庭比工作重要。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意，takepriorityoversth.優(yōu)先考慮，優(yōu)先于某事。

17.單選題

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要在解釋艾米莉?迪金森生活行為古怪的原因。故選A“解釋艾米莉?迪金森古怪的行為”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為:A:拒絕進(jìn)食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒絕見(jiàn)來(lái)訪者,D:待在房間。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedto