書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林水利電力職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

問題1選項

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句子中when引導條件狀語從句，表示虛擬語氣。根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞were可判斷這是一個與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，那么空格處應(yīng)該用過去將來完成時，故D項符合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我敢說他不是你真正的朋友，因為一個真正的朋友會在你遇到困難時采取不同的行動。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

Thetypicalsexbribeinvolvesabusinessmantreatinganofficialtoanightatabathhousestockedwith（）,saysLiaoRan,whomonitorsAsiaforTransparencyInternational.

問題1選項

A.prototypes

B.propagandas

C.prostitutes

D.prophets

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項prototypes表示“原型，雛型”；B選項propagandas表示“宣傳，宣傳活動”；C選項prostitutes表示“妓女”；D選項prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“sexbribe”可知，C選項含義最符合原文，句意理解為：典型的性賄賂包括商人邀請官員在滿是妓女的澡堂里過夜。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

3.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項excessively“過度地”；C選項extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項最為恰當，表示“非常有價值”。句意：你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

4.單選題

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.

Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.

Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”

Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.

Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”

6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?

7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?

8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?

9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?

10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?

問題1選項

A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.

C.Theyseemtobestronger.

D.Theytendtobebetteroff.

問題2選項

A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.

B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.

C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.

D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.

問題3選項

A.Geneticfactor.

B.Parentingmodel.

C.Resourceallocation.

D.Siblingcompetition.

問題4選項

A.Immigrantbackgroundscaninfluencechildren’ssecondlanguageability.

B.Earlyeducationcanmakeupforbirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisition.

C.Children’sintellectualdevelopmentisimportantforsecondlanguagelearning.

D.Thebirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthesamplesize.

問題5選項

A.Givingfinancialsupporttothosewithfewerresources.

B.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofparents.

C.Callingoneducationinstitutionstoofferfreecourses.

D.Carryingoutmorestudiesonlanguageacquisitionabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.（第一個出生的孩子往往比他們的弟弟妹妹賺更多的錢；他們更有可能獲得高級學位，他們成為總統(tǒng)、總理和諾貝爾獎獲得者的幾率略高。他們甚至比后來出生的兄弟姐妹壽命更長。）”，由此可推斷出先出生的孩子往往境況更好。A選項“他們在家務(wù)方面更有幫助”文章沒有提到；B選項“他們的壽命較短”說法錯誤；C選項“他們看起來更強壯”文中也沒有提到；D選項“他們往往比較富?！闭_。A、B、C選項均不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表現(xiàn)出更差的第二語言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二語言能力比較強。A選項“孩子多的父母與孩子相處的時間往往更少”；B選項“移民家庭對孩子的語言能力關(guān)注較少”；C選項“兄弟姐妹較少的孩子有更好的第二語言能力”；D選項“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的機會練習第二語言”，A、B、D選項均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段寫到：Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”（他們引用了一個“資源稀釋模型”，在這個模型中，第一個出生的孩子受益于父母更多的資源投資。研究人員寫到，“每增加一個兄弟姐妹意味著分配給每個孩子的資源份額減少，從而減少了他們智力發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)?！保Ｓ纱丝芍群蟪錾暮⒆釉谫Y源分配上存在著差異。A選項“遺傳因素”；B選項“教育模式”；C選項“資源分配”；D選項“兄弟姐妹競爭”。A、B、D選項均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。

9.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.（此外，接觸早教機構(gòu)抵消了出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習得的影響。在研究人員看來，這是這項研究的關(guān)鍵。）”，由此可知研究中最關(guān)鍵的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是早期教育可以幫助彌補出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習得的影響。A選項“移民背景會影響兒童的第二語言能力”；B選項“早期教育可以彌補出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習得的影響”；C選項“兒童的智力發(fā)展對第二語言學習很重要”；D選項“出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習得的影響取決于樣本量”。A、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此B選項正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.（考慮到移民家庭的經(jīng)濟資源較少，而這些資源會影響孩子的發(fā)展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到經(jīng)濟上的支持，這樣他們的孩子就能在學術(shù)生涯中獲得最好的機會。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要經(jīng)濟資源的支持。A選項“向資源較少的人提供財政支持”；B選項“為父母提供更多的發(fā)展機會”；C選項“呼吁教育機構(gòu)提供免費課程”；D選項“開展更多的語言習得能力研究”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

問題1選項

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當?shù)臅r候”；during“在期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達完全成熟，在20世紀50年代期間，這種風格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺中占據(jù)主導地位。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Manymembersofthewomen’sliberationmovementadvocatethatmenshould（）someoftheresponsibilitiesofchildcareandhouseholdwork.

問題1選項

A.takeup

B.taketo

C.takein

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeup“拿起，占據(jù)，開始從事”；taketo“喜歡，走向”；takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會”；takeon“承擔，呈現(xiàn)，穿上”。句意：許多婦女解放運動的成員主張男人應(yīng)該承擔一些照顧孩子和做家務(wù)的責任。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions

_____

theyaredifferentfromyourown.

問題1選項

A.until

B.evenif

C.unless

D.asthough

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項“直到”；B項“盡管”；C項“除非”；D項“似乎”；句意：允許孩子有發(fā)言的空間，盡管他們的意見和你自己的有所不同。因此選B。

8.單選題

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

問題2選項

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

問題3選項

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

問題4選項

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

問題5選項

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在拋棄它的幼仔之前只給它喂奶了幾個星期；其他物種，包括大象、一些靈長類動物，特別是人類，多年來一直在關(guān)注他們的幼仔）可知B選項“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的時間長大”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries懷疑壓力荷爾蒙會干擾大腦中的后葉催產(chǎn)素，阻止雌性田鼠與雄性結(jié)合，可能同樣導致大多數(shù)女性認為危險并不具有性吸引力。相反，后葉加壓素與壓力荷爾蒙則產(chǎn)生不同的效果，可能促使多數(shù)男性認為危險具有性吸引力）可知壓力荷爾蒙與不同的激素結(jié)合，在男性和女性身上會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，因此選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干：以下哪項可能是第8段所述迷走神經(jīng)的最佳類比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神經(jīng)在內(nèi)臟和大腦之間傳遞信號，將身體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)向上傳遞給大腦，再將大腦指令傳遞給心臟、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D選項“連接CPU和計算機附件的電路”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神經(jīng)的一部分從人類進化初期就出現(xiàn)，控制著性、饑餓和恐懼等原始功能）可知迷走神經(jīng)不包括面部表情，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（換句話說）可知本段是對上一段的內(nèi)容進行補充說明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges認為，在哺乳動物中，迷走神經(jīng)的新分支也連接大腦情感中心與心臟、臉部、發(fā)聲器官、幫助協(xié)調(diào)感覺與面部和語言表達）可知C選項“支持一種說法，即迷走神經(jīng)的新分支將大腦情感中心與心臟、面部和發(fā)聲器官連接起來”符合題意。

9.單選題

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C選項credible“可靠的，可信的”；D選項laudable“可贊譽的，值得稱贊的”。句意：一個看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來令人信服的，但在仔細檢查后，卻并非如此。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea______ofherearlierwork.

問題1選項

A.parley

B.paranoia

C.parody

D.parole

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項parley“談判，會談”，B項paranoia“偏執(zhí)狂，妄想狂”，C項parody“拙劣的模仿，詼諧的改編詩文”，D項parole“言語，誓言，諾言”。由Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtlety“她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處”，結(jié)合so…that…“如此……以至于……”的邏輯可知，a______ofherearlierwork表示“早期作品的拙劣模仿”符合語境。句意：她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處，讀起來幾乎像是對她早期作品的拙劣模仿。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Theyoungemployeehasa(n)（）quality—heistotallyhonest.

問題1選項

A.respectable

B.admirable

C.decent

D.approachable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項respectable“值得尊敬的人；相當數(shù)量的”；B選項admirable“令人欽佩的；極好的；值得贊揚的”；C選項decent“正派的；得體的；相當好的”；D選項approachable“親切友善的；易理解的；可接近的”。句意：這個年輕的雇員有一個……品質(zhì)——他完全誠實。雖然respectable和admirable都是褒義詞，但均帶有仰視的含義，而本題提及的是一個youngemployee具有的品質(zhì)，不需要仰視，就用C選項decent修飾足以。

12.單選題

Ahundreddollarswillbe（

）tobuyahomecomputer.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.effective

D.proficient

【答案】B

【解析】句意:100美元足以買一臺家用電腦。選項中只有B選項符合句意。

13.單選題

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

問題1選項

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny，且nor；hardly；innoway；little；scarcely；seldom；never；nomore；nolonger；not；notonly；nosooner；Notonly...butalso；notuntil...等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。即是把Inorwilldeny倒裝為norwillIdeny。句意：我承認我犯了錯誤，也不否認它可能造成的嚴重后果。因此C選項正確。

14.翻譯題

在當今快速發(fā)展變化的世界，各行各業(yè)的領(lǐng)導者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神，而非某種不成熟的狹隘觀點。就現(xiàn)實而言，堅實的人文和科學學科的教育通常會對很多具有挑戰(zhàn)性的高級職業(yè)，以及越來越多的成年人追求的職業(yè)做著最實實在在的準備。沒有任何一個特別的研究領(lǐng)域會永遠成為安全感、領(lǐng)導力和個人滿足感的門票。

【答案】Intoday'sfastchangingworld,leadersinallwalksoflifeneedtohavesufficientimaginationandcriticalspirit,ratherthanthenarrowviewofsomeimmature.Realistically,thesolideducationinthehumanitiesandsciencesoftenbealotofchallengingseniorcareer,aswellasagrowingnumberofadultspursuingcareerdoingthemosttangiblepreparations.Thereisnooneparticularareaofresearchwillalwaysbeasenseofsecurity,leadershipandpersonalsatisfactiontickets.

15.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問題1選項

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問題2選項

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問題3選項

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問題4選項

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和麻省理工學院管理部門之間的關(guān)系可以用______來描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關(guān)系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點不穩(wěn)定的

C.hostileC.敵對的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創(chuàng)造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機的任務(wù)中，與大學的技術(shù)人員在不穩(wěn)定但相對和睦的環(huán)境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和MIT之間的關(guān)系是相當和睦的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“有點不穩(wěn)定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項“敵對的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項“非常微妙的”沒提及，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段首句“黑客從來都不是主流機構(gòu)的一部分，但他們目前作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠，當時，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統(tǒng)的機器操作壯舉?！保瑥闹锌芍?，在過去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術(shù)精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實與現(xiàn)在大不同，C項“在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的”與全文基調(diào)不符。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進”和B項“黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發(fā)了用于現(xiàn)有計算機功能的硬件和軟件，并發(fā)明了新的算法和應(yīng)用程序，而且還擴展了計算機的許多功能，他們還將計算機操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準”根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句“……他們堅信評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計算機革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規(guī)的，非傳統(tǒng)的

B.innovativeB.創(chuàng)新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過時的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“這種非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統(tǒng)的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“創(chuàng)新的”、C項“令人討厭的”和D項“過時的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個信條包括幾個要素：承諾免費使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計算機的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美麗，蔑視針對自由訪問計算而設(shè)置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項“致力于免費獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

C項“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就，并沒有說明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項“創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計算機的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

16.單選題

I'msorrytohave（）youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

問題1選項

A.interfered

B.imp