書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyareevidencethata（

）ofevolutionaryexperimentationwasgoingonatthetime,outofwhichthehumanlineagesomehowemerged.

問題1選項

A.ferment

B.glamour

C.jubilation

D.fragment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ferment“發(fā)酵；動亂”；glamour“魅力；迷人的美”；jubilation“喜歡；慶祝；歡呼”；fragment“碎片”。句意：它們是那個動亂時候進化實驗蓬勃發(fā)展期的證據(jù)，由于某種未知的原因，人類從中開始出現(xiàn)。Outofwhich中which指代空格處的內(nèi)容，分析題干意思知A項符合。

2.問答題

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.Inrecentyears,platform-basedinternetgiantshavemadepositivecontributionstomeetconsumers’needsanddrivehigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.However,withtheuncontrollabletrendofthosetechgiants,theabuseofmarketdominanceisontherise.Aseriesofproblems,suchasrestrictingcompetition,pricediscriminationandharmingtherightsandinterestsofconsumers,haveemerged,whichhavedestroyedtheorderofmarketcompetitionandhinderedindustryinnovation.Remediationofillegalactsthataffectfaircompetitionisconducivetopromotingthedevelopmentofeconomy.Besides,weneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetition.TheepidemichasbroughtanunprecedentedimpactonChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.First,theproductionandoperationofenterpriseshavebeenaffected.TheextendedSpringFestivalholidayandthedelayinresumingworkhavereducedthenumberofworkingdays,andrestrictionsontransportationinsomeprovincesandcitieshavealsoaffectedthemovementofpeopleandgoodsneededforproduction.Thislosshasalreadybeenreflectedinfirst-quarterGDPgrowth.Second,sincethebeginningofthisyear,consumerspendingonretailsales,catering,tourismandotherareashasdroppedsignificantly.Theepidemichasalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebehaviorofeconomicentities,especiallyconsumerswhomayspendlessoftimeinshoppingmalls,cinemasandothercrowdedplaces.Therefore,weneedmoreantitrustlawunderthissituationforitcanhelptodevelopafair,unified,andopenmarketcompetitionsystem,whichisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthesocialeconomyandthefundamentalprotectionoftherightsandinterestsofconsumers.

3.單選題

Everypresidentmust（）thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.

問題1選項

A.recite

B.swear

C.declare

D.claim

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配，因此選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.inform

C.avail

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：我尊敬的導(dǎo)師White教授經(jīng)常提醒我要利用一切機會提高我的英語水平。選項C最為恰當(dāng)，表示有益于，有助于。

5.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項eligible“合格的；中意的”；B選項engaged“使用中的；占線的”；C選項prone“有做……傾向的”；D選項prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭議。根據(jù)語境，D選項prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭議”比較合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭議是遲早的事。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”；atissue“爭議中的”；atrisk“處于危險中”；atleisure“從容地”。句意：在那個國家，少數(shù)民族的國籍問題仍然______。根據(jù)句意可知選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（對位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（豎琴師）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先決條件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

問題2選項

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

問題3選項

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（詩歌和音樂之間的密切關(guān)系幾乎不需要爭論。在英語中，兩者在歷史上有著密切的聯(lián)系）可知從歷史的角度來看，詩歌與音樂之間的關(guān)系是無可爭辯的，因此A選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作為文學(xué)作品的抒情詩和流行歌曲的抒情詩在本質(zhì)上仍然是一回事：詩歌）可知C選項“一首歌的歌詞和詩歌的歌詞沒有什么不同”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我們對作品評價的標(biāo)準必須保持一致）可知C選項“歌曲創(chuàng)作和詩歌中最重要的共同評價標(biāo)準”符合題意。

8.單選題

Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?

問題1選項

A.didn’tit

B.doesn’tthere

C.usedn’tit

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：過去在公園附近有個加油站，是嗎？usedto意為“過去常?！?，當(dāng)陳述句謂語部分含有usedto時，反義疑問句常由usedn’t或didn’t構(gòu)成，如果陳述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反義疑問句由usedn’t/didn’tthere構(gòu)成，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

問題1選項

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項delete“刪除”；B選項repel“抗拒，抵御”；C選項compel“強迫，迫使”；D選項constrain“強迫，限制，約束”。根據(jù)賓語heatandmoisture（熱和潮濕）可知B選項符合邏輯。句意：這種材料能抵御熱和潮濕。

10.案例題

Home-TheNewWorkplace

Oneofthesourcesofthemodernworldisthelengthoftimewetakecommuningtoandfromwork.Inlargecitiesthiscanmeanlosingthreeormorehourseverydayjusttravelingfromhometoworkandbackagain.Surelythereisanalternative!Well,accordingtoasurveyconditionedintheUS,22%ofpeoplewouldmuchpreferworkingfromhome,shouldcircumstancesallow.LizSewellspoketoseveralpeoplewhohavealreadymadethechangetothismodern-dayworkplacetotryandfindoutmore.

ScottMillerisa40year-olddraughtsmanwhohasbeenworkinghomeforthepasttwoyears.Headmitsthatitwasn’tsomethingthathecravedfor;ratherithappenedwhenhiswife,Jules,auniversitylecturer,wasofferedafull-timeposition.“Shedidn’tthinkthatshecouldtakethejob.Iknewthatshereallywantedit,butshedidn’twanttoputoursonintofull-timecars.Ihadbeenworkingforthesamefirmforsevenyearsanddecidedtoapproachmybosses.Mytrackrecordprobablyhelpedbecausetheyacceptedtheproposition.Aslongasmyproductivitywasmaintained,theydidn’tmindwhereIworked.Alsomywifeishappy,andhercareerisblossoming.”

“NowIgointotheofficeeveryMondayafternoonforameetingandpickupmyweek’swork.Interestingly,IfeelthatIworkevenbetterfromhome,somuchsothateventhoughoursonnowatschool,Istillworkthere.”

However,isworkingfromhomeassimpleasitsounds?TransferringworktoadifferentworkplaceisonlypartoftheequationforJoanneMcCarthy,whountilthreemonthsagowasaHumanResourcesManagerforalargepubliccorporation.Shehasnowbecomeafull-timetraderonthestockmarket.Shesaysshelovesthefreedomthatworkingfromhomegivesher,butshereallymissedthesocialinteraction.

“Asmyjobjustinvolvesworkingformyself,bymyself,IfindthatIhavebecomemuchmoreintrovertedbecauseIdon’thavethatface-to-face,professionalinvolvementwithpeopleanymore.Ispendalldayonthecomputercheckingthepricesofmystocks.Byevening,Iamdesperatetotalktomyhusband—evenifitisonlyaboutwhatliehasbeendoingallclay.”

Shehasrealizedthatthiscouldjeopardizeherattemptstoworkfromhome.LouiseTateisanaccountantandusedtocommuteanhoureachwaytoherofficebeforedecidingtherehadtobeabetterway.Forher,thebiggestproblemwithworkingfromhomewasdistractions.“Itwassoeasytogetdistractedbytheotherthingsyouhavetodoathome,likewastingandcleaning,”shetoldus.“Ihadtoforcemyselftoviewmystudyasanoffice,notpartofthehouse.SoIcameupwithanovelidea—myhusbandthoughtIwasmade,butIhadaseparateentrancebuilttotheoffice.Atthebeginningofmyworkday,Igooutofthefrontdoorofourhouse,lockit,andthenwalkaroundtotheoffice.NowIfeelthatIamreallyatwork,andmyproductivityhasincreasedasaresult.Iknowitsoundsstrange,butitworksforme.”TwelvemonthsdownthetrackandLouiseneverwantstofacethemorningtrafficagain.

Peoplechoosetoworkfromhomeforamultitudeofreasons.TaketheexampleofGeorgeMercer,whoownssevencafeswithina7-mileradiusofdowntownMiami.HehasbasedhisofficeinhisFortLauderdalebeachfronthome,andkeepsincontactwithhisvariousmanagersbyphone,faxande-mail,“WhenIstartedthebusinessfouryearsago,Icouldn’tdecidewhichcafetohaveasmymainbase,soIdecidedtosetupmyofficeathome.Withmoderntelecommunicationsnowadays,Iamalwaysabletocontactmypremisesandorderprovisionsfrommysuppliers.”

“IfIgetfedupwithworkingfromhomeorifthereareproblemsthathavetobedealtwithinperson.Ijustjumpinthecaranddrivetothecafes.Fromtimetotime,wehavemeetingsatmyplace,whichgivethemanagersabreakfromtheirown‘office’.Theygetachangeofscenery.Istillhavecontrolbuttheyhavealargeamountofindependenceintheday-to-dayrunningofthecafes.Ilovemyjobandit’sobviousthatmymanagersrespondwelltothearrangement.Life’sgreatatthemomentwouldn’tchangeathing!”

Obviously,noteveryoneisabletohavethetypeofworkthatcanbedonefromhome,butthereareplentyofpeoplejustlikeme—judgingbyinternetsitesthemoretraditionalemploymentvacancyads—whowouldjumpatthechance.

UsinginformationfromReadingPassage2,matchthepeoplelistedA-Fintheboxbelowwiththeirdescriptions.

NOTE:Therearemoredescriptionsthanpeople.Youmayuseanyofthechoicesmorethanonce.

ListofPeople

AScottMiller

BJoanneMcCarthy

CLouiseTate

DGeorgeMercer

ENoneoftheabove

FAlloftheabove

Descriptions

（）needstobegoodatmath.

（）isnotself-employed.

（）hasbeenworkingfromhomeforthelongestperiod.

（）doesn’tneedtointeractwithclientstocarryouttheirbusiness.

試題缺失

（）thinksthattheyarelesssuccessfulworkingfromhome.

（）helpedsomeoneelsetoretainhis/hercareer.

（）livesonthecoast.

【答案】1.C

2.A和B

3.D

4.C

5.試題缺失

6.B

7.E

8.D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第六段，“LouiseTateisanaccountantandusedtocommuteanhoureachwaytoherofficebeforedecidingtherehadtobeabetterway.”，可知LouiseTate是一名會計師，過去常常往返于她的辦公室和家之間，往返一個小時，然后才決定出更好的方法。可判斷出Louise必須要擅長數(shù)學(xué)。選項C符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段，“Ihadbeenworkingforthesamefirmforsevenyearsanddecidedtoapproachmybosses.”，可知ScottMiller在同一家公司工作了7年?？膳袛喑鏊ぷ鞯墓静皇亲灾鹘?jīng)營的，選項A可選。又根據(jù)文章第四段，“Shehasnowbecomeafull-timetraderonthestockmarket.”，可知JoanneMcCarthy現(xiàn)在已成為股票市場的全職交易員，可判斷出她的工作也不屬于自主經(jīng)營，選項B可選。

3.根據(jù)文章第七段，“WhenIstartedthebusinessfouryearsago,Icouldn’tdecidewhichcafetohaveasmymainbase,soIdecidedtosetupmyofficeathome.”，可知當(dāng)GeorgeMercer四年前開始創(chuàng)業(yè)時，無法決定把哪家咖啡館作為主要基地，所以決定了在家里設(shè)立辦公室?？膳袛喑鏊呀?jīng)在家辦公4年了，結(jié)合上下文比較，他是在家辦公時間最長的。選項D符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第六段，“thebiggestproblemwithworkingfromhomewasdistractions.”，可知在家工作最大的問題是分心，可判斷出這是LouiseTate最大的問題，所以她不需要與客戶互動來開展他們的業(yè)務(wù)。選項C符合題意。

5.試題缺失

6.根據(jù)文章第四段，“Shesaysshelovesthefreedomthatworkingfromhomegivesher,butshereallymissedthesocialinteraction.”，可知JoanneMcCarthy喜歡在家工作給她帶來的自由，但她真的很懷念社交活動。可判斷出她認為在家工作不太成功。選項B符合題意。

7.縱觀全文，對于文中提到的所有工作者，都沒有提及他們是否幫助別人保持了工作，選項E符合題意。

8.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段，“HehasbasedhisofficeinhisFortLauderdalebeachfronthome,andkeepsincontactwithhisvariousmanagersbyphone…”，可知GeorgeMercer的辦公室設(shè)在勞德代爾堡(FortLauderdale)海濱別墅（他的家），并通過電話與多位經(jīng)理保持聯(lián)系?？膳袛喑鯣eorgeMercer的家在海邊。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Pictures（）withatelescopeareinverted.

問題1選項

A.taken

B.theytookthem

C.totake

D.aretaken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞辨析。B選項“theytookthem”以及C選項“totake”表示主動語態(tài)，可排除。D選項“aretaken”成分多余，可排除。句意：用望遠鏡……照片是倒置的。因此答案為A選項。

12.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemaycarryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby（

）.

問題1選項

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項

A.Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因為……”。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住海葵作武器趕跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

問題1選項

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項chair“椅子；講座；主席位；大學(xué)教授的職位”；B選項pole“桿；極點；電極”；C選項soap“肥皂；將肥皂涂在……上；對……拍馬屁”；D選項floor“地板，地面；樓層；基底；議員席”。poleposition指的是方程式賽車中的“竿位”，即決賽中排在第一位出發(fā)的選手?！案臀弧庇蓻Q賽前排位賽中成績最好的車手獲得。此外，poleposition還可表示“跑道內(nèi)圈；有利位置”。句意：這家德國公司在激素研究方面保持著有利地位。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeight