書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文軒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Readingisnotsimplyanintellectualpursuitbutanemotionalandspiritualone.Itlightsthecandleinthehurricanelampofself;that’swhyitsurvives.TherearebookclubsandbookWebsitesandbooksontapeandbookonline.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewholikethepaperversion,atleastfornow.Andi￡thatchanges-well,whatisabook,really?Isititsbody,oritssoul?(10%)

Nomatterwhereintheworldyouliveorwhatsectoryouareinvolvedin,youhavetotakeintoaccountChina’srise.ChinacontinuestoinvestandbuythingsabroadinitsdrivetosecureaccesstonaturalresourcesinplaceslikeAfghanistanandAustraliaandtoexertpower.True,Chinahasfartoomanypoorpeople,anditshealthcareandsocialsecuritysystemsstilllagbehinddozensofcountries.ManyanalystspointtoitspovertyandalackofmilitarypresenceindifferenthemispheresreadytostrikeatwilltoarguefoolishlythatChinaisinfactaweaknationconcernedwiththepotentialcollapseofitspoliticalandeconomicsystems.

【答案】閱讀不僅僅是一種簡單的知識性的追求，而是一種情感和精神的追求。它點燃了人們心中的颶風(fēng)燈，這個就是閱讀一直存在人們心中的原因。有圖書俱樂部、讀書網(wǎng)站、讀書磁帶、在線圖書。至少在現(xiàn)在，仍然有上百萬人喜歡紙質(zhì)的書。如果事情發(fā)生了變化，那么究竟什么是一本書呢？是書的軀體還是它的靈魂。

無論你住在世界的哪個地方，或者你進入到了哪個領(lǐng)域，你都必須考慮到中國的崛起。中國不斷在海外投資和采購，在阿富汗、澳大利亞等國家獲得資源以發(fā)揮更大的影響力。實際上，中國還有很多貧困人口，并且中國的醫(yī)療保障和社會保障體系仍然落后于許多國家。許多分析家指出，中國的貧窮以及軍事力量的匱乏，在不同地區(qū)可隨時受到打擊，因此愚蠢地認為，中國實際上是一個脆弱的國家，擔(dān)心它的政治和經(jīng)濟體系的崩潰。

2.單選題

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

問題1選項

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義動詞辨析。A選項subsidizing“資助；給予獎助金；向……行賄”；B選項formenting不存在；C選項cruciform/cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架狀的”；D選項ideating“形成概念；想象，設(shè)想”。句意：新的慈善家也傾向于密切參與他們建立的基金會，而不僅僅是資助一個組織。bankroll“提供資金；提供財務(wù)上的資助”，A選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此A選項正確。

3.案例題

ToyotaRecallsToyotaMotorhasalwaysbeenfanaticalaboutfrugality,andformanyyearsthatwasgoodforboththecompanyanditscustomers.ThisisaJapanesecarmakerthatroutinelyturneddowntheheatatitsemployeedormitoriesduringworkinghoursandlabeledphotocopymachineswiththecostpercopytodiscourageoveruse.Itsengineerscollaboratedwithsupplierstoextractcost-savingswithoutcompromisingquality.YetbythemiddleofthelastdecadeToyota'svirtuehadbecomeavice.

SosaycurrentandformerautoexecutiveswhoaretryingtograsphowToyota,withitsgold-platedreputationforengineeringexcellence,slippeduponsuchascale,with8millioncarsrecalledduetomechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deaths.Beforecompanyofficialsknewthatrunawayaccelerationwascausingcrashes,oneoftheseexecutivessays,asimplemanufacturingprocesswouldsometimesignitesmallfiresinacomponentasadirectresultofcomer-cutting,itwasjustoneearlysignthatthefocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar.

Thoseproductionmishapsoccurredin2006,ayearaftercompanyPresidentKatsuakiWatanabeboastedabouthavingsqueezedmorethan$10billionfromglobaloperatingcostsintheprevioussixyears—thisdespiteanimpressiverunofprofitgrowthandglobalmaricetsharegainsinthemiddleofthelastdecade.ThenToyotapushedevenharderformorecuts.ItaskedsupplierstodesignpartsforitsCamiymidsizesedanthatwere10%cheaperand10%lighter.Thecompany'stopU.S.executive,JimPress,warnedhisbossesinJapanthatvehiclequalitywasslipping,accordingtoaslidepresentationU.S.Senateinvestigatorsunearthedintheirsudden-accelerationprobe.Buthiswarninghadnoapparenteffect.

TheredesignedCamrybroughtoutin2006hadanembarrassingflawinitsheadliner,thefabricandcompositeliningthatcoverstheinsideroofofthecar.Underpressuretocutcosts,theleadCamrysupplier,Toyota-afTiliatedToyotaBoshoku,choseacarbonfibermaterialthathadn'tbeenapprovedbyToyotaengineers,accordingtoanexecutivewhoworkedontheredesign.Theheadlinerismadebycompressinglayersofmaterialstogetherusingacertainamountofheattomoldit.Inthiscase,thecarbonfiberrequiredsomuchheatthattheheadlinerwouldcatchfire.

Toyotafixedthatproblem,butwhenaNorthAmericanpartssupplierinterestedinworkingwiththeautomakerdidateardownofa2007Camry,itsengineersweresurprisedbyhowmuchthetraditionalToyotacraftsmanshiphadbeenwatereddownbyyearsofnipsandtucks.Thepaddingintheceilingofthecar,thoughcompliantwithsafetyregulations,hadbeenthinnedouttosavemoney.Atrayforsunglassesusedaflimsiertypeofplasticthanpreviousmodels.“Itwasabare-bonescaratthatpoint,”saysoneexecutivewhodeclinedtobeidentifiedforfearofharmingbusinesstieswithToyota.

Toyotainsistsitsfocusoncosthasn'thurtconsumers.“It’snottruethatbyreducingcostyouautomaticallyreducequality,"saidJimWiseman,Toyota’svice-presidentforNorthAmericancorporatecommunications.“Everyautomakerhastostaycompetitiverelativetoprice.”

True,butprobablynotwiththeintensityToyotabroughttocost-cuttingandrapidexpansionunderthreesuccessivepresidents:HiroshiOkuda(1995-1999),FujiCho(1999-2005),andWatanabe(2005to2009).Toyotaexecutiveswillspendyearsmoppingupaftertheirmess.

Atlastcount,thecompanyfaced109classactionsand32individualcasesfiledincourtsintheU.S.andCanada.(Inawell-publicizedincidentonMar.8,theownerofa2008PriuslostcontrolofhiscaronaCaliforniainterstatehighwayandhadtoberescuedbypolice.)

WhatarethecausesforToyota’sglobalrecalls?Identifyboththedirectanddeepercauses.(8points)

Thiscaseillustratedtheproblemsofthegoalattainmentviewoforganizationaleffectiveness.Defineorganizationaleffectivenessanddiscussthelimitationsofthegoalattainmentview.(10points)

WhatdoyouthinkanorganizationcanlearnfromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness?(8points)

【答案】ThedirectcausesaremechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deathsandthedeepercausesarethatToyotaMotor’sfocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar,sothatthequalityofitsvehicleslipped.

Organizationaleffectivenessistheconceptofhoweffectiveanorganizationisinachievingtheoutcomestheorganizationintendstoproduce,andthelimitationofgoalattainmentviewisthatwesometimessetsomegoalswhicharebeyondourcurrentcapacity.

FromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness,anorganizationcanlearnthatweshouldnotsetanygoalwhichisbeyondourcurrentcapacityorsacrificesomething,suchasthequalityofvehiclementionedinthispassage,toattainsomeunpracticalgoals,otherwise,therewillbeseriousconsequences.

4.填空題

A:You’relate

B:（1）I?I’msorryImusthavelosttrackofthetime.HasMikearrived（2）?

A:Yes,he（3）hereabout15minutesago.He’sinthelavatorynow.

B:Oh,look!（4）heis!Hi,Mike!

C:Hi,Angela!It’sgoodtoseeyouagain.

A:Well,nowthateveryone’shere,Iguesswe’d（5）findacabandsetout.

【答案】Am;yet;arrived;Here/There;better

【解析】句意:

一一你遲到了。

1-2.語義題。一一是嗎？抱歉，我一定是忘了時間了。邁克已經(jīng)到了嗎？

3.語義題。一一到了，他十五分鐘之前就到了。他現(xiàn)在在廁所。

4.語義題。一一看！他在這里（那里）。你好，邁克！

一一你好，安吉利爾！很高興再次見到你。

5.固定搭配。一一好了，現(xiàn)在我們都到齊了。我想我們最好叫輛出租車出發(fā)吧。

5.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項eligible“合格的；中意的”；B選項engaged“使用中的；占線的”；C選項prone“有做……傾向的”；D選項prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭議。根據(jù)語境，D選項prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭議”比較合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭議是遲早的事。因此D選項正確。

6.問答題

Increasingthetaxonhouseholdgoodsisboundtocausetrouble.(It’sasking)

【答案】It’saskingfortroubletoincreasethetaxonhouseholdgoods.

7.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規(guī)律的認識要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認識方法的不同，以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大幫助，把對自己的批評當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因為，贊同的意見未必正確，反對的意見未必錯誤。退一步說，即使錯誤的反對意見，對自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京嚴(yán)重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國官方媒體的強烈批評。據(jù)廣泛報道污染事件的新華社報道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說，PM2.5對人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時，《人民日報》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國從健康呼吸開始》的社論。注意到中國快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，

社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認識到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對問題進行系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、有效和強有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

8.單選題

Astheyattemptedtoboardthevessel,Israelisecurityguardsonboardopenedfirewithpistols,forcingthepiratesto_______.

問題1選項

A.revolt

B.restore

C.retrieve

D.retreat

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.revolt叛逆，違抗B.restore恢復(fù)（某種情況或感受）

C.retrieve取回，索回D.retreat退卻，撤退；離開

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】pirates和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂搭配關(guān)系，指的是以色列保安人員用手槍逼迫海盜_____，retreat符合語境，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合語境。

【句意】當(dāng)他們試圖登船時，船上的以色列保安人員用手槍開火，迫使海盜撤退。

9.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問題1選項

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語，Ithink作插入語時，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)這對科學(xué)很重要。

10.單選題

Fromthelivingroomandfamilyautotothesupermarketandoffice,it'simpossibletoescapetheelectronicrevolutionthatis（）thewaypeopleliveandwork.

問題1選項

A.resuming

B.transforming

C.preparing

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。resuming重新開始,繼續(xù);transforming轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)變;preparing準(zhǔn)備;seeking尋找,謀求。句意：從起居室和家用汽車到超市和辦公室,人們不可能逃脫正在改變?nèi)藗兩詈凸ぷ鞣绞降碾娮痈锩?。選項B符合句意。

11.填空題

AfterI（1）theuniversityentranceexam,Iwasextremelyupset,becauseIwasalmostsureIhad（2）thetest.Tomy（3）,it（

4）outthatIhadgottenthehighestscoreintheprovince!

句意:大學(xué)入學(xué)考試考完，我感到非常沮喪，因為我?guī)缀醮_信自己考試沒有通過。然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的實際成績是省里的最高分。

【答案】1.finished

2.failed

3.surprise

4.tumed

【解析】1.語義題。句意為高考結(jié)束，動詞finish合適，根據(jù)時態(tài)為過去式，故用finished。

2.固定搭配。failtheexam考試失敗。這里用過去完成時。

3.固定搭配。toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是。

4.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat結(jié)果是…。

12.單選題

Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007

DearResidentsofVladivostok:

ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.

Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.

However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.

Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.

Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.

Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.

Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.

Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:

Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;

Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;

Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;

RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;

Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.

AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.

Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.

Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.

TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb

1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.

2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.

3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.

4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.

5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.

問題1選項

A.theycannolongersupplybread

B.thepriceofbreadwilltreble

C.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepleted

D.itwillhavetoclosedown

問題2選項

A.touseingredientsofalowerquality

B.tocuttheworkers’wages

C.tourgepeopletoeatlessbread

D.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities

問題3選項

A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonths

B.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviar

C.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongerafford

D.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths

問題4選項

A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebts

B.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhand

C.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafia

D.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working

問題5選項

A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepast

B.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepast

C.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleet

D.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻譯為：此刻，我們所有的儲備已用完。諸如面粉、糖、黃油和類似的面包烘焙原料正在耗盡。因此C選項“所有面包制作的原料已經(jīng)被耗盡”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻譯為：例如，莫斯科市長YuryLuzhkov在危機出現(xiàn)的頭幾天里通過新聞界告訴居民，他已決定補助面包行業(yè)，以便不讓這類食品的價格上漲。對應(yīng)D選項“讓面包價格受到政府補助”。因此D項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻譯為：隨著面粉價格上漲至每公斤4盧布，面包的價格將上漲至6.17盧布。進一步的價格上漲將是可能的?？芍鸢笧镃項“面包已變成一種很多人不再能負擔(dān)得起的商品”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻譯為：如果Vladkhleb面包店停業(yè)，那么面包價格將失去控制。因此B項“否則，面包價格可能失去控制”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻譯為：收回太平洋艦隊因產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)欠的六百萬盧布債務(wù)（計算截止時間為2007年8月）。因此可知答案為C“當(dāng)?shù)卣畱?yīng)該向莫斯科要求更多資金，否則，最終要求莫斯科支付太平洋艦隊所欠當(dāng)?shù)卣膫鶆?wù)”。

13.單選題

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項.distributed“分配，分開”。B選項packed“損失，代價”。C選項prayed“祈禱”。D選項undertook“保證，承擔(dān)”。句意：醫(yī)生們把藥品分發(fā)給水災(zāi)地區(qū)的人們。因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.retains保持B.gains獲得

C.achieves達到；實現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得；取得

【考察點】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】B、C、D三個選項都有“獲得，實現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations（對情況的反應(yīng)）做habitualways（習(xí)慣方式）的后置定語。句意為獲得對各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways（習(xí)慣方式）相符合。因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項retain在這里不符合句子邏輯；

B選項gain指獲得，贏得，經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益；

C選項得到，獲得，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。

以上選項均不能和habitualways搭配。

【句意】正是通過學(xué)習(xí)，個人獲得了對各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。

15.單選題

Theboyssmoked（）becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.

問題1選項

A.onthesly

B.ontheside

C.tothepoint

D.onthespot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:onthesly“秘密地；暗地里”；B:ontheside“作為副業(yè)；秘密地；非法地”;C:tothepoint“中肯，扼要”；D:onthespot“當(dāng)場；現(xiàn)場；在現(xiàn)場”。句意：因為他們害怕父母責(zé)罵，所以這些男孩偷偷抽煙。根據(jù)后文：becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.可知A符合語境，為正確答案。

16.單選題

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

問題1選項

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知前面為兩個獨立的分句，因此D項正確。句意：白瑞摩有許多妻子。加里克只有一個妻子，但每個人都不是因為他的女人而被銘記，而是因為他的才華。

17.單選題

JaneGoodallspentdecadesinthewild（）chimpanzees,muchofthetimeallbyherself.

問題1選項

A.observing

B.toobserve

C.observed

D.tobeobserved

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。sb.spendtime/moneyonsth/indoingsth.，其中in可以省略。因此空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入動詞的ing形式。句意：珍?古德花了數(shù)十年在野外觀察黑猩猩，大多時間都是獨處。因此A選項符合題意。

18.單選題

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

問題1選項

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。buildup“增強，加強”；carvedout“創(chuàng)業(yè)，開創(chuàng)”；foughtfor“為而奮斗”；stumbleon“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到”。句意：托馬斯作為一名攝影師開創(chuàng)了一份成功的事業(yè)。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

ItisverystrangebutIhadan（）thattheMalaysianplanehadgoneoffcourseandhadbeencaughtinasuicidalhijack.

問題1選項

A.intuition

B.inspiration

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Intuition“直覺”；inspiration“靈感”；imagination“想象力”；incentive“動機，刺激”。分析句子可知，that引導(dǎo)了一個同位語從句，用來解釋說明空格處單詞的具體內(nèi)容，因此根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容可知選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.表示“對...感到生氣”。句意:記者和攝影師都對演員在采訪中的粗魯行為感到十分生氣。irritation一般與feel搭配，所以選項B正確。

21.單選題

Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and（）arehersupervisors.

問題1選項

A.either

B.neither

C.so

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那位科學(xué)家對這個項目不太滿意，她的主管也不太滿意。兩者都不用neither。

22.單選題

AFrenchmanwhohasanunusuallysensitivenosecan（）hundredsofdifferentsmells.

問題1選項

A.nominate

B.dominate

C.eliminate

D.discriminate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項nominate“推薦，提名”，B項dominate“控制，支配”，C項eliminate“消除，排除”，D項discriminate“歧視，區(qū)別”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞sensitivenose（敏感的鼻子）和differentsmells（不同的氣味）可知，只有D項符合。句意：一個法國人擁有異常靈敏的鼻子，可以辨別數(shù)百種不同的氣味。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

23.單選題

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

問題1選項

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。void意為“無效的，空的”；vulgar意為“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意為“過剩的”；extravagant意為“奢侈的，揮霍的，過分的”。

句意：最初的選舉被先前軍事統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治者宣布無效。

24.單選題

Howdotheprofessionaltimekeepersoftheworddetermine,totheprecisenanosecond,whenanewyearbegins?Theysimplyconsultanatomicclock.Andattheendoflastmonth,justintimetoringinthenewyear,theHewlett-Packardcompany,ofPaloAlto,California,unveiledthelatestinthesemeticuloustime-pieces.Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears—farlongerthanallofhumanhistorytodate.

Itisnaturaltowonderwhocouldpossiblyneedsuchprecision.Theanswer:practicallyeveryone,atleastindirectly.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.Televisionandradiostationsusetheclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.Satellite-basednavigationsystemsdependonthedevicestomeasurethearrivaltimeofradiosignalstowithinatinyfractionofsecond,allowinguserstogaugetheirlocationtowithinafewfeet.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstohelptrackthealmostimperceptiblemotionsofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearthandgalaxiesandstarsacrossthesky.EventhepeoplewhodroppedtheballinNewYorkCity’sTimesSquaretosignalthestartof1992reliedonatimekeepingsourcethatwaspeggedultimatelytoanatomicclock.

Theprinciplethatliesbehindallthisprecisioncomesoutofquantumphysics.Whenanatomisbombardedwithelectromagneticradiation—inthiscase,microwaves—itselectronsshiftintoanewenergystate.Eachtypeofatomrespondsmostreadilytoaparticularfrequencyofradiation.Forthecesium133atomsinmostatomicclocks,thefrequencyis9,192,613,770vibrationspersecond.Thatmeansthatwhenamicrowavebeaminsidetheclockissetexactlytothatfrequency,themaximumnumberofatomswillundergotheenergyshift.Thissignalstheclock’sinternalcomputerthatthedeviceiscorrectlytuned.Andinfact,itisthevibratingmicrowavesthatkeeptime;theatomsareusedjusttokeepthemontrack.

Theoretically,anatomicclockcouldkeepperfecttime,buttheactualperformancedependsonengineeringdetailsexactlyhowthemicrowaveshitthecesiumatoms,howsophisticatedtheelectronicsareandsoon.ItwasbyimprovingfactorslikethesethatHewett-Packardboosteditsclocks’performancefromincrediblygoodtoevenbetter.Thenextgenerationofclocksshoulddobettersill,butnooneissurewhenthatgenerationwillcomealong.Fornew,asecondeverymillionandahalfyearswillhavetodo.

31.Thenewestatomicclockisaccurateto______.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

33.Atomicclockisveryaccuratebecause______.

34.Thenextgenerationofclockwillbemade______.

問題1選項

A.30years

B.nomorethanasecondevery800,000years

C.asecondin1.6millionyears

D.$54,000

問題2選項

A.Televisionandradiostationsuseatomicclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.

B.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstotimesecretcallstosubmarinesaroundtheworld.

C.Scientistsuseatomicclockstogaugethelocationofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearth.

D.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoflargeamountofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld.

問題3選項

A.quantumphysicskeepsperfecttime

B.thecesium133atomskeepsperfecttime

C.electro-magneticradiationkeepstime

D.thevibratingmicrowaveskeeptime

問題4選項

A.inasecond

B.inamillionyears

C.inahalfyear

D.inthetimenooneissureof

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“最新的原子鐘精確到……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears（但是最新的版本，一臺價值540000美元的臺式電腦大小的設(shè)備，精確到160萬年中的一秒）可知，C項“160萬年一秒”正確，D項“54000美元”不符合題干。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.（近30年來，該公司一直為軍事和科研客戶提供原子鐘；最先進的模型每80萬年增加或減少的時間都不超過一秒。）可知，A項“30年”錯誤，B項“每80萬年不超過一秒”是最先進的版本，并不是最新的。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“以下哪項沒有提到？”。由第二段第二句Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.（電話和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)依靠原子鐘來同步全國和全世界數(shù)萬億比特信息的流動，從而避免了巨大的電子堵塞。）可知，D項“電話和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)依靠原子鐘來