書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽國(guó)際商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whatthingsinlifeareyoumostdesirous（

）attaining?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】desirousof為固定搭配，意為“想要...渴望...”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Todayinthetechno-societiesthereisanalmostironcladconsensusaboutthefutureoffreedom.Maximumindividualchoiceisregardedasthedemocraticideal.Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture,inwhichpeopleappearasmindlessconsumercreatures,surroundedbystandardizedgoods,educatedinstandardizedschools,fedadietofstandardizedmassculture,andforcedtoadoptstandardizedstylesoflife.

Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.OneofthemostextremeofthereisaFrenchreligiousmystic,JacquesEllul,whosebooksareenjoyingacampusvogue.AccordingtoEllul,manwasfarfreerinthepastwhen“Choicewasarealpossibilityforhim.”Bycontrast,today,thehumanbeingis“nolongerinanysensetheagentofchoice.”And,asfortomorrow,“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice.”Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.Hewilllive,Ellulwarns,inatotalitarianstaterunbyavelvet-glovedGestapo.

ThissamethemethelossofchoicerunsthroughmuchoftheworkofArnoldToynbee.ItisrepeatedbyeveryonefromhippiegurustoSupremeCourtjustices,tabloideditorialistsandexistentialistphilosophers.Putinitssimplestform,thetheoryofVanishingChoicerestsonacrudesyllogism:scienceandtechnologyhavefosteredstandardization.Scienceandtechnologywilladvance,makingthefutureevenmorestandardizedthanthepresent.Ergo,manwillprogressivelylosehisfreedomofchoice.

Ifinsteadofblindlyacceptingthissyllogism,westoptoanalyzeit,however,wemakeanextraordinarydiscovery.Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.

Certainly,itwouldbedifficulttodenythatindustrialismhashadalevelingeffect.Ourabilitytoproducemillionsofnearlyidenticalunitsitthegrowingachievementoftheindustrialage.Thus,whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.

Inthesamebreath,however,theyrevealshockingignoranceaboutthecharacterofsuper-industrialism.Focusedonwhatsocietywas,theyareblindedtowhatitisfastbecoming,forthesocietyofthefuturewilloffernotarestricted,standardizedflowofgoods,butthegreatestvarietyofunstandardizedgoodsandservicesanysocietyhaseverseen.Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.

Theendofstandardizationisalreadyinsight.However,thepacevariesfromindustrytoindustry,andfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepredictionsaboutthefuturemadebymanywriters,intheauthor’sopinion,are（）.

2.TheauthorgivestheworksofJacquesEllulandArnoldToynbeeasexamplestoprovethat（）.

3.Bysaying“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice”(Paragraph2),Ellulimpliesthathe(man)（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardintellectualsinParagraph5and6isoneof（）.

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.pleasing

D.reasonable

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.agenerationoffuturewillbecomehatersandtechnophobes

B.scienceandtechnologywillcertainlyadvance

C.manwillgraduallylosehisfreedomofchoice

D.scienceandtechnologywillmakethefuturemorestandardized

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.willrecordwhatotherpeoplesayandthenfollowthem

B.willimitateotherpeoplewhenhetakesactions

C.candowhateverhewishes

D.candonothingbutfollowothers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleinthefuturewilleventuallylosealloftheirfreedom.

B.Thesocietyofthefuturewillbecomemorestandardized.

C.Standardizationwilltakeapredominantpositioninthesocietyofthefuture.

D.Thesocietyofthefuturewillhaveadialecticaleffectofbothstandardizationandunstandardization.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture…”，可知大多數(shù)作家預(yù)測(cè)，我們將離這一理想越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)。他們對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生了一種黑暗的幻想。可判斷出作家對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)是悲觀的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.”，可知正如人們可能預(yù)期的那樣，這樣的預(yù)測(cè)催生了未來(lái)一代的仇恨者和技術(shù)恐懼癥患者。這是一個(gè)總的結(jié)論，作者在下文舉了JacquesEllul的例子來(lái)證明此觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.”，可知人們被剝奪了選擇的機(jī)會(huì)，他的行動(dòng)會(huì)變得被動(dòng)?？膳袛喑鋈藗冏兊脹](méi)有主動(dòng)權(quán)，只會(huì)跟隨別人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.”，可知因?yàn)椴粌H邏輯本身有缺陷，整個(gè)想法忽視了自然事實(shí)、超級(jí)工業(yè)革命的意義和方向。又根據(jù)第六段，“whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.”，可知當(dāng)知識(shí)分子哀嘆我們的物質(zhì)生活千篇一律時(shí)，他們所反應(yīng)的是那些工業(yè)落后的國(guó)家。可判斷出作者對(duì)知識(shí)分子持強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.”，可知我們不是正在走向物質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，而是走向?qū)ξ镔|(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的辯證否定?？膳袛喑鑫磥?lái)的社會(huì)將會(huì)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的辯證影響。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

ItsuddenlyoccurredtoAnnethatmoneycouldn't（）allthatBobhadsufferedinthepastfiveyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.liveupto

B.makeout

C.livethrough

D.makeupfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。liveupto“踐行”；makeout“理解，辨認(rèn)出”；livethrough“度過(guò)，經(jīng)受過(guò)”；makeupfor“彌補(bǔ)”。句意：Anne突然明白金錢(qián)不能彌補(bǔ)Bob在過(guò)去五年里的遭遇。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms（

）withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depress

B.default

C.deteriorate

D.degrade

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。depress“壓抑，使沮喪”；default“不履行，拖欠”；deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；degrade“退化，使…降級(jí)”。句意：有機(jī)物隨時(shí)間流逝而退化，這也是生命不可避免的結(jié)果，一些科學(xué)家對(duì)此表示懷疑。D項(xiàng)符合題意，答案D

5.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)purpose“目的（經(jīng)過(guò)考慮而要做某事的意圖）”；B選項(xiàng)view“風(fēng)景；視野”；C選項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)（想要通過(guò)一段時(shí)間的努力而在未來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的意圖）”；D選項(xiàng)reason“理由，原因”。句意：他們買(mǎi)那塊地的______是要建一座新的辦公大樓。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是現(xiàn)在買(mǎi)地，買(mǎi)地是為了以后建辦公大樓，A選項(xiàng)purpose符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

LookattheterriblesituationIamin！IfonlyI（

）youradvice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句的動(dòng)詞形式是had+過(guò)去分詞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Researchshowsthatthereisno（）relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.successive

B.subsequent

C.significant

D.sincere

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)successive“連續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)subsequent“隨后的”；C選項(xiàng)significant“有意義的”；D選項(xiàng)sincere“真誠(chéng)的”。句意：研究表明，一個(gè)人賺多少錢(qián)和他是否對(duì)生活感覺(jué)良好之間沒(méi)有明顯的關(guān)系。本句表示有意義的關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Uptothispointtherehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath,buttherelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.Dr.Giltaycarefullycontrolledthebaselineriskfactorslikebloodpressure,cholesterol,smokingandalcoholconsumptioninhisstudy.Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.

Whataboutthepossibilitythatsomeofthepessimisticsubjectsweresimplysufferingfromundiagnoseddepression?Afterall,depressionisastrongriskfactorforcardiovascularmortality.Dr.Giltayconcededthatthesubjectswerenotpsychiatricallyscreenedfordepressionoranyothermentaldisorder,sothisisapossibility.Buthesaiddepressionwasunlikelytoexplainthecorrelationbetweenpessimismandmortality.Perhaps,butweknowthatdepressionexists,too,onaspectrum.Mildchronicdepressivestateslikedysthymiacouldeasilymasqueradeaseverydaypessimism,sothisstudycannotruleoutmilddepressionasacontributortoexcessmortalityinthepessimisticsubjects.Still,assumingthatthesefindingsarereplicatedandoptimismdoesindeedconferasurvivaladvantage,howmechanismcouldexplainit?

Onepossibilityisthatoptimistsmaysimplycopebetterwithadversitythanpessimistsdoandengageinbehaviorsthataremorelikelytopromotehealth.Itiswellknown,forexample,thatoptimismisstronglyassociatedwithseekingsocialsupportandcopingbetterwithstress.Theremightevenbebiologicaldifferencesbetweenoptimisticandpessimisticpeoplethatgiveoptimistsanedge.Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones,whichcanadverselyaffectphysicalhealth.Atthispoint,pessimismintheabsenceofclinicaldepressionisnotconsideredadiseaseorariskfactorfordevelopingone.Butifthesedataarereplicated,perhapsitshouldbe.Ifthat’sthecase,thentrialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants,won’tbefarbehind.Afterall,thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraitslikesociability,eveninpeoplewithoutdepression.

Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.Twolargerandomizedtrialsinvolvingdepressedheart-attackpatientsfoundnosurvivalbenefitintreatingthemwitheithercognitivebehaviortherapyorserotonin-enhancingantidepressants,thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.

21.Wecanconvincinglyinferfromthefirstparagraphthat___________.

22.Comparingpessimistswithoptimists,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

23.Theoptimism-enhancingtreatmentscan___________.

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanconcludethat___________.

25.Thepassagemainlywantstotellusthat___________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalpersonalityguaranteesgoodhealth

B.pessimismconstitutesafatalthreatforhealth

C.therelationshipbetweenpessimismanddeathisbeinginvestigated

D.pessimismresultsinmortality

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistshavebetterperceptionoftheirfuture.

B.Pessimistshavehighermorbidity.

C.Optimistsarelesslikelytosufferfromcardiovasculardisease.

D.Optimistsenjoylongerlivesthanpessimists.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpdevelopnormalpersonality

B.helpdecreaseheartdisease

C.helpenhancethelifespan

D.helpcuretheclinicaldepression

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.depressioncouldbetreatable

B.doctorsareawareofthecausesfordepression

C.pessimistshavetoworryabouttheirshorterlifespan

D.treatingdepressioncancureheartdiseaseandotherfataldiseases

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimismisverycommonamongurbancitizens

B.pessimistsaredoomedtoliveashorterlife

C.optimismguaranteesalongerandhealthierlife

D.pessimismishighlyriskyforourhealth

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第1段，第1句therelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.（樂(lè)觀主義等正常人格特征與健康之間的關(guān)系還沒(méi)有得到徹底的研究。）由此判斷，正常的人格特征與健康之間的關(guān)系還有待研究，A選項(xiàng)“正常的人格確保了健康”過(guò)于肯定，排除；第3句Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.（即使在控制了這些混雜變量后，與樂(lè)觀主義者相比，悲觀主義者的死亡率仍然要高出很多。）由此判斷，導(dǎo)致死亡的因素有很多，比如前文的bloodpressure,cholesterol“血壓、血脂”等，而悲觀主義與死亡之間有很大的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀主義是健康的一個(gè)致命威脅”與原文表述一致；D選項(xiàng)“悲觀導(dǎo)致了死亡”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，未考慮其他因素，排除；第1段最后一句Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.（當(dāng)他考慮到受試者自己對(duì)健康的看法時(shí)，毫不奇怪，樂(lè)觀者的預(yù)見(jiàn)能力更好——悲觀者仍然有更高的發(fā)病率和死亡率。）由此判斷，該研究用悲觀者與樂(lè)觀者對(duì)比，不僅研究其死亡率的不同，而且研究其對(duì)自己健康水平的看法的不同，C選項(xiàng)“人們正在研究悲觀主義和死亡之間的關(guān)系”表述不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題選擇表述不正確的一項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀主義者對(duì)他們的未來(lái)的預(yù)見(jiàn)能力更好”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第1段最后一句whenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter.（當(dāng)他考慮到受試者自己對(duì)健康的看法時(shí)，毫不奇怪，樂(lè)觀者的預(yù)見(jiàn)能力更好。）由此判斷，樂(lè)觀者對(duì)未來(lái)健康狀況的預(yù)見(jiàn)能力更好，A選項(xiàng)與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“悲觀者發(fā)病率更高”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第1段最后一句pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.（悲觀者仍然有更高的發(fā)病率和死亡率。）B選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致；C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀者不太可能患心血管疾病”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第1段第1句therehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath.（有確鑿的證據(jù)表明，某些病理精神狀態(tài)，如抑郁癥，與心血管疾病死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著升高有關(guān)。）由此判斷，心血管病與不好的精神狀態(tài)有關(guān)，樂(lè)觀者是好的心理狀態(tài)，他們患心血管病的可能性不大，C選項(xiàng)與原文表述相符；D選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀者比悲觀者的壽命更長(zhǎng)”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文倒數(shù)第2句Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（最后，悲觀者有足夠多的煩惱，而不必?fù)?dān)心他們自己的性格會(huì)注定他們的生命短暫。）由此判斷，悲觀者的生命不一定短暫，此外原文沒(méi)有關(guān)于樂(lè)觀者與悲觀者壽命長(zhǎng)短的比較，D選項(xiàng)的表述不正確。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“樂(lè)觀療法可以……”可定位到原文第3段trialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants（樂(lè)觀療法的嘗試，包括心理療法，可能還有抗抑郁藥）。A選項(xiàng)“有助于發(fā)展正常的人格”，可定位到第3段最后一句thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraits（初步證據(jù)表明，提高血清素的抗抑郁藥可以改變正常的人格特征），即樂(lè)觀療法可以幫助發(fā)展正常人格，A選項(xiàng)與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“有助于減少心臟病”，可定位到原文第4段第2句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.（通過(guò)治療抑郁癥來(lái)減少心臟病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治療抑郁癥并不能減少心臟病，心理療法是用來(lái)治療抑郁癥的，因此它也不能減少抑郁癥，B選項(xiàng)與原文不符；C選項(xiàng)“有助于延長(zhǎng)壽命”，可定位到原文最后一段第1、2句Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.（但即使悲觀主義可以“治療”，這就能保證更長(zhǎng)的壽命嗎？從最近對(duì)抑郁癥的研究來(lái)看，這可能不是一件容易的事。）由此可知，壽命不一定能被延長(zhǎng)，C選項(xiàng)與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“有助于治愈臨床抑郁癥”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第3句…thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.（盡管他們的抑郁癥確實(shí)有所改善），選項(xiàng)中cure是治好的意思，與原文improve“改善”不符。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段。A選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥是可治療的”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.（不過(guò)，如果說(shuō)悲觀者應(yīng)該擔(dān)心什么的話，那就是他們可能患有一種未被診斷的、可治療的抑郁癥。）由此可推斷，抑郁癥是可治療的，A選項(xiàng)與句意相符；B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生意識(shí)到了抑郁癥的原因”，可定位到第3段Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones…（如果你認(rèn)為抑郁癥與許多神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)和激素的改變有關(guān)，這就不是那么牽強(qiáng)了……）全文只有這個(gè)地方提到了抑郁癥可能與神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)和激素的改變有關(guān)，并沒(méi)有其他地方提及抑郁癥的成因，無(wú)法得知醫(yī)生是否意識(shí)到了抑郁癥的原因，B選項(xiàng)排除；C選項(xiàng)“悲觀者不得不擔(dān)心他們更短的壽命”，可定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（悲觀主義者有足夠多的煩惱，而不必?fù)?dān)心自己的性格會(huì)注定他們的生命短暫。）由此判斷，悲觀者不需要擔(dān)心壽命短暫的問(wèn)題，C選項(xiàng)與原文表述相反，排除；D選項(xiàng)“治療抑郁癥可以治好心臟病和其他致命的疾病”，可定位到最后一段第3句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.（通過(guò)治療抑郁癥來(lái)減少心臟病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治療抑郁癥并不能治好心臟病，D選項(xiàng)的表述與原文相反，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

25.作者意圖題。題干“這篇文章主要想告訴我們……”，本文第1段介紹了某些病理精神狀態(tài)，比如抑郁，與心血管疾病死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著升高有關(guān)，以及Dr.Giltay的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明與樂(lè)觀者相比，悲觀者的死亡率和發(fā)病率更高；第2段討論了悲觀者死亡率更高的可能原因——可能有抑郁癥，并提出為什么樂(lè)觀者身體更健康的問(wèn)題；第3段回答了上文提出的問(wèn)題，并提出樂(lè)觀療法有可能可以治療抑郁癥；第4段總結(jié)悲觀者可能患有未被查出的抑郁癥，但即使抑郁癥可以被治療，也不能延長(zhǎng)壽命。A選項(xiàng)“悲觀主義在城市居民中很常見(jiàn)”，本文并未就悲觀主義是否常見(jiàn)進(jìn)行討論，排除；B選項(xiàng)“悲觀者注定活得更短”，可定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（悲觀者有足夠多的煩惱，而不必?fù)?dān)心自己的性格會(huì)注定他們的生命短暫。）由此判斷，作者認(rèn)為悲觀者不必?fù)?dān)心自己的生命短暫，那么作者的意圖不會(huì)是想告訴讀者悲觀者的壽命短暫，且B選項(xiàng)的表述過(guò)去絕對(duì)，排除；C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀能保證更長(zhǎng)壽、更健康的生活”，根據(jù)全文判斷，文章的主要討論對(duì)象是悲觀主義與悲觀者，C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀”的作用，不會(huì)是作者的意圖，排除；D選項(xiàng)“悲觀主義對(duì)我們的健康非常有害”，根據(jù)段落大意判斷，表述正確，且符合題意。因此，本文最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

9.單選題

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)pondering為ponder的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“沉思，默想”，B項(xiàng)intimating為intimate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“暗示，通知”，C項(xiàng)indigenous“本土的，國(guó)產(chǎn)的”，D項(xiàng)intimidating為intimidate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“恐嚇，威脅”。前面的句子意思是“你說(shuō)我今天看起來(lái)很放松”，后面提到了uptight（緊張），這與前面相反，可以推測(cè)空格處表示“暗示”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：你說(shuō)我今天看起來(lái)很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起來(lái)都是緊張的嗎？因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”，B項(xiàng)impressive“給人以深刻印象的”，C項(xiàng)famous“著名的，極好的”，D項(xiàng)gradual“逐漸的，平緩的”。句意：農(nóng)民們涌向西部，以驚人的速度填滿(mǎn)了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa（）sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lucrative

B.ostensible

C.orthodox

D.tentative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lucrative“有利可圖的，賺錢(qián)的”；B選項(xiàng)ostensible“表面的，假裝的”；C選項(xiàng)orthodox“正統(tǒng)的；慣常的”；D選項(xiàng)tentative“不確定的，暫定的；猶豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的金礦，他總是創(chuàng)造出大受市場(chǎng)歡迎的主題作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Unlikegirlsandboysinearliergenerations,whotendedtospendagooddealoftimeplayingtogether,today’s12-year-oldsaretypicallygivenseveralelectronicdevices,sothey

wouldinclinetoplayalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gooddealoftimeplaying

B.today’s12-year-olds

C.typicallygiven

D.wouldinclinetoplay

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。incline改為tend。此處表達(dá)的是：傾向（做…），而inclinetodosth.為：傾向于（認(rèn)為某個(gè)信念或觀點(diǎn)是正確的）。

13.單選題

Althoughshegivesbadly（

）titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exotic異國(guó)的，外來(lái)的eccentric古怪的，反常的；imaginative虛構(gòu)的，富于想象的；conventional符合習(xí)俗的，日常的。句意：盡管她糟糕地給她的音樂(lè)作品賦以尋常的（傳統(tǒng)的）題目，但是這些作品卻體現(xiàn)出對(duì)一些材料的不尋常整合，比如羅馬教的圣歌、亞洲的音階風(fēng)格節(jié)奏、古怪的聲響和鳥(niǎo)鳴。由although及unusual可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與unusual相反，故答案為D。

14.單選題

Technologyisnecessarybecauseithelpsthemputabusinessstrategyinto（）butitisjustameanstoanend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.use

B.effect

C.consequence

D.employment

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.use使用；得到利用B.effect效應(yīng)；影響

C.consequence結(jié)果；后果D.employment就業(yè)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“技術(shù)是必要的，因?yàn)樗梢詭椭麄僟_____商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，但它只是達(dá)到目的的一種手段”可知，空格處表示“實(shí)施”符合句意，且putintoeffect是固定搭配，表示“執(zhí)行，實(shí)施”，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)指使用某個(gè)工具、機(jī)器等；

C、D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有此搭配。

【句意】技術(shù)是必要的，因?yàn)樗梢詭椭麄儗?shí)施商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，但它只是達(dá)到目的的一種手段。

15.單選題

Outof（）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:純粹出于報(bào)復(fù)，他拼命詆毀她的人品，敗壞她的名譽(yù)。

考查形容詞辨析。perfect完美的，純熟的；total全部的，整個(gè)的；sheer全然的，純粹的，十足的；integral完整的，整體的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個(gè)學(xué)期參見(jiàn)一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

17.單選題

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：很容易會(huì)把人們對(duì)話的減少怪罪在當(dāng)代生活的快節(jié)奏和發(fā)生在我們這個(gè)不斷變化的世界里的難以言說(shuō)的變化。句子中連詞連接兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，沒(méi)有從句引導(dǎo)詞，因此我們得用非謂語(yǔ)，排除C選項(xiàng)。這些變化是一直在發(fā)生的，所以我們要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，所以答案選A。

18.單選題

Onenteringtheroom,he（

）hiseyesrounditbutsawnothingstrange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)jerk“猛拉”；B選項(xiàng)fling“擲，拋”；C選項(xiàng)toss“拋，投”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投擲”。選項(xiàng)B，C，D都要投擲的意思，但只有選項(xiàng)D能與后面的round搭配使用，castround意為“尋找”，句意：一進(jìn)房間，他就環(huán)視四周（尋找），但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么奇怪的東西。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

19.問(wèn)答題

Directions:Thispanconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,onemeachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.word,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.before→ago

2.Surprised→surprising

3.does→with

4.season→seasonality

5.being→be

6.an→any

7.apparent→apparently

8.to→/

9.on^theotherhand

10.in^thethementalhospital

【解析】1.常用搭配。sevenyearsago表示“幾年前”。

2.形容詞誤用。此處的形容詞是修飾“l(fā)ink”，因此，用surprising表示“令人驚訝的，出乎意料的”更符合搭配。

3.固定搭配。aswith和…一樣。

4.固定搭配。bemorethan+形容詞，表示“很、非?！?，相當(dāng)于very;根據(jù)后文的also可知，此處應(yīng)該是bemorethan+名詞，表示“不僅僅是”。因此，將形容詞seasonal改成名詞seasonality（季節(jié)性），即“然而，謀殺不只是季節(jié)性的”。

5.固定搭配。belikelytodosth.很可能做什么事。因此,being應(yīng)該改成動(dòng)詞原形be。

6.限定詞誤用。any表示“任一”之意，與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。

7.詞性誤用。主語(yǔ)是“ourintellectualseasonalcycles”，因此，形容詞“apparent”應(yīng)該改成副詞“apparently”，作狀語(yǔ)以修飾整句話，表示“顯然地’’。

8.語(yǔ)法題。并列的不定式由and和or連接時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，從第二個(gè)不定式開(kāi)始，常省略to.因此，此處應(yīng)該將propose之前的to省略。

9.固定搭配。ontheotherhand另一方面。

10.冠詞遺漏。句中已經(jīng)有單詞admissions表示“進(jìn)入”之意，因此，后面的狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該只是表示地點(diǎn):“在醫(yī)院里”。因此，此處要加上冠詞the。

20.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項(xiàng)immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

The（

）of“snake”issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connotation

B.denomination

C.donation

D.denotation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。connotation“內(nèi)涵；含蓄”；denomination“面額；名稱(chēng)；教派”；donation“捐款；捐贈(zèng)物；捐贈(zèng)”；denotation“符號(hào)；表示；意義”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一種有著長(zhǎng)而細(xì)的身體的無(wú)腿爬行動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing（）byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)heldback“阻礙”；B選項(xiàng)heldforth“提供”；C選項(xiàng)heldon“堅(jiān)持”；D選項(xiàng)heldout“伸出”。句意：許多女性仍然感到男性文化阻礙了她們的發(fā)展，尤其是在專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。本句表示男性文化阻礙了女性的發(fā)展，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少”，B項(xiàng)contract“收縮”，C項(xiàng)constringe“使收斂”，D項(xiàng)名詞shrink“縮水”；句意：我不敢洗那件襯衫，怕它會(huì)縮水。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoiswho

B.whoiswhom

C.whichiswhich

D.whoiswhich

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.whoiswho誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)B.whoiswhom誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)

C.whichiswhich哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)D.whoiswhich誰(shuí)是哪個(gè)

【考查點(diǎn)】習(xí)語(yǔ)用法。

【解題思路】由if條件句的意思“如果我把這對(duì)孿生兄弟分開(kāi)看”，可知Idon’tknow______應(yīng)該表示“我分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)”，而whichiswhich通常用于區(qū)分兩個(gè)十分相似的人或事物。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示人們的情況，如姓名、工作、身份等，如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.（我去參加那些家庭團(tuán)圓聚會(huì)時(shí)，從來(lái)記不住誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。）；

B、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法。

【句意】如果我把這對(duì)孿生兄弟分開(kāi)看，我分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。

25.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswi