書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東農業(yè)工程學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Aprilthe3rdwasthedayweattemptedtoreachMountEverest.Themorningsawusailupandrushingaboutthebungalowatdaybreak.Webumpeddowntheninemilesofdustytrack,eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.Thebottlesofoxygenwerecarefullyplacedintheirclipsandconnectedtothesystem.Theverticalcamerasweretitledandtested,andairframesandengineswereinspectedandtestedineverydetail.

Pilotsandobserversfussedaroundtheirequipment,tryingonmanytimesbeforereadjustingstraps,electricleadsandoxygenfeedpipesthathadalreadybeenadjustedtoanicety.Theythenrecheckedthechartswhichhadbeencarefullypreparedtoallowaccuratelyfortheincreasingwindspeedsduringtheclimb—alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.

Therehadbeensomuchpreparationforthisflight,andtherewasstillsomuchoftheunknownaboutit,thatthecrewscouldnothelpbeingslightlyaffectedbythegeneralexcitement.Waitingisalwaysunpleasant,andwewereallrelievedtoseethereconnaissancemachinedivingdownthroughthedusthaze.TheAirCommodorewhocommandeditbroughtwelcomenews.Thoughhehadbeenunabletoclimbabovethedust,hehadbeenabletoseetowardsthemountainsthroughthetopofthehazeandtherewasacloudlesssky.Thiswassplendid:nocloudtomarthephotography.

Wehadpromisednottoattempttheflightifthewindexceeded40milesanhour,butthiswasthefirsttimewehadfoundthewindunder100milesanhour.Weworkedouttheimplicationsandreckonedthat,providedwedidnotspendmorethanfifteenminutesatthesummit,wecouldgetbackinsideourpetrolendurance.Wemightwaitfordaysandweeksandnotgetanotheropportunity.TheAirCommodoreweighedthepositioncarefullyandgavetheword"Go".

1.Theauthorandhiscolleaguesheldtheirinstrumentsclosetotheirchestsbecause（）.

2.Whenthemembersoftheexpeditionarrivedattheaerodrome,thegroundstaffwere（）.

3.Thecrewsoftheaircraftkeptcheckingtheirequipment（）.

4.ThepurposeofthisexpeditiontoMountEverestwasto（）.

5.Thepilotstooktheopportunityto（）.

6.Theword"tarmac"inline6ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

7.Theword“They”inline3ofparagraph2refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thereweresomanypeopleinthecar

B.thedustmighthaveobscuredtheircameras

C.thesurfaceofthetrackwasveryuneven

D.theywantedtoprotectthemselvesfrombumps

問題2選項

A.maneuveringtheaircraftintopositionontherunway

B.attachingtheclipstothebottlesofoxygen

C.waitingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

D.makingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

問題3選項

A.toensurethatthestrapsoftheiroxygenmaskswereadjustable

B.topinpointthepositionofthereconnaissanceplane

C.toverifytheaccuracyofthewindspeedsshownintheircharts

D.tokeepthemselvesbusyuntilitwastimetotakeoff

問題4選項

A.investigatetheatmosphericconditionsonthemountain

B.makeanaerialsurveyofthesummit

C.testthebreathingapparatusathighaltitude

D.penetratethedusthazesurroundingthemountain

問題5選項

A.testtheflyingspeedoverthesummitofthemountain

B.reachMountainEverestdespitethehighrateofwind

C.fussaroundtheirequipment

D.driveawayunpleasantwaiting

問題6選項

A.anoffice

B.aplace

C.apavedsurfaceforplanestotakeoff

D.arunway

問題7選項

A.straps

B.electricleads

C.oxygenfeedpipes

D.pilotsandobservers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“...eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.”每個人都把相機或更精密的儀器放在胸前,努力讓我們的身體盡可能地承受住來自顛簸軌道的沖擊。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.”我們到達時,地勤人員已經很忙了。存放飛機的棚子已經打開,巨大的機器正被人工搬運到停機坪上。由此可知,地勤人員是操縱飛機在跑道上就位,選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“...alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.”在等待偵察機返回的緊張的半個小時里,所有人都試圖保持忙碌。也就是說,他們不停的檢查設備是為了讓自己保持忙碌直到該起飛的時刻。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內容,我們計算出了其中的含義,并認為,只要我們在山頂停留的時間不超過15分鐘,我們就能回到汽油續(xù)航力的范圍內。由此可知,這次探索珠穆朗瑪峰的目的是為了對山頂作一次航空勘測。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內容,我們曾承諾,如果風速超過40英里每小時,我們就不會嘗試飛行,但這是我們第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)風速低于100英里每小時。我們可能會等上幾天或幾周,錯過這次就再也沒有下一次機會了。由此可知,即使風速很大,飛行員也要抓住這次機會登上珠穆朗瑪峰。選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)原文句意：存放飛機的棚子已經打開,巨大的機器正被人工搬運到停機坪上。由此可知,“tarmac”指可供飛機起飛的地方,選項C正確。

7.根據(jù)句中的then可知,本句是對上句的補充,根據(jù)句意可知,前后主語一致,“they”指代的是“pilotsandobservers”,選項D正確。

2.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，掙的錢養(yǎng)家，而女人做飯，照顧家里和孩子。這些角色對大多數(shù)人來說是固定不變的，婦女沒有機會交換她們的角色）可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對固定，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項最符合題意。

A選項“在20世紀50年代，經濟和社會的成功是典型的美國人的目標”；B選項“但是在20世紀60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場運動的人并不重視美國中產階級的目標；C選項“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項“一些年輕男性拒絕應征當兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭”。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國社會的許多方面）可推測反主流文化改變了美國的一些價值觀，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務。事實上，一些年輕男女搬進了公共住宅或農場，在那兒雙方共同承擔經濟和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責任）可推測C選項“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔一些家務”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權運動給美國社會和經濟帶來的變化；最后一段簡單概括男女地位的變化與轉變中的困難。因此B選項“美國生活的新影響”符合題意。

3.單選題

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

問題1選項

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這些問題應該認真的探討，要充分意識到終止貸款協(xié)議及其他事項是要花成本的。

compress(被)壓緊;精簡;濃縮;壓縮;壓縮(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，結束，終止;到達終點站。conform順從，順應(大多數(shù)人或社會);隨潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在爭論中)聲稱，主張，認為;競爭;爭奪。

4.單選題

Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome（

）.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.degenerated

C.suppressed

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項deteriorated“惡化的，變質的”；B選項degenerated“退化的”；C選項suppressed“被鎮(zhèn)壓的”；D選項extinct“滅絕的”。句意：如果我們不采取行動保護環(huán)境的話，今天還存在的數(shù)百萬種生物將會（）。根據(jù)關鍵詞alive，結合句意我們要選與之相對的詞，所以答案是D。

5.單選題

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

問題1選項

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cholesterol膽固醇;charcoal木炭，炭筆：chronic慢性的，長期的；catastrophic災難的，悲慘的。地震顯然是一種自然災害。故C項正確。句意：在任何地區(qū)發(fā)生的任何地震都被認為是一種災難事件。

6.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoice（）healthbehaviorsisanimportantone.

問題1選項

A.infaceof

B.incaseof

C.inrelationto

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項infaceof“面對、面臨”；B選項incaseof“假如、萬一”；C選項inrelationto“關于、涉及”；D選項inchargeof“負責、掌管”，句意：個人選擇與健康行為的關系是一個重要的概念。個人選擇與健康行為是相關的關系，因此選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Antisocialpersonalitiesusuallyfailtounderstandthattheirbehaviorisdysfunctionalbecausetheirabilitytofeelremorsefulisimpaired.

問題1選項

A.offensive

B.sensible

C.regretful

D.inquisitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。remorseful表示“懊悔的，悔恨的”；A項offensive“攻擊的，冒犯的，無禮的”，B項sensible“明智的，通情達理的，合乎情理的”，C項regretful“后悔的，遺憾的，惋惜的”，D項inquisitive“好奇的，好問的，愛打聽的”。句意：反社會人格通常無法理解他們的行為是不正常的，因為他們感到懊悔的能力受到了損害。因此，根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

8.單選題

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

問題1選項

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項finances“負擔經費，供給……經費”；B選項maintains“維持，保持”；C選項supplies“供應，提供”；D選項affords“買得起，提供”。句意：由于父親的貧苦處境，我叔叔（）了我的教育。可以看出因為父親的條件不好，所以是叔叔“資助了我的學習”，因此A選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor___forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnocomprehensivesystematicprogrammeforthereadingskills.

問題1選項

A.adapted

B.acknowledged

C.assembled

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapted“使適應，改編”；B選項acknowledged“承認；答謝；報償；告知已收到”；C選項assembled“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；D選項appointed“任命；指定；約定”。句意：盡管有很多專門為語言學習目的而編寫或___閱讀材料，但目前還沒有全面系統(tǒng)的閱讀技能訓練計劃。本句表達“為語言學習目的而編寫或者改編的閱讀材料”，過去分詞作后置定語，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

問題1選項

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.transplants移植B.transfers轉移

C.transcends勝過，超越D.transforms轉換

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處的that指代的是speed，也就是說比較飛機與船的速度。C選項transcends“勝過，超越”符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】大家都知道飛機的速度快于輪船的速度。

11.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

1wouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreser-vationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcava?tor’sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforallloappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreply,everythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryar?tifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasl’melekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds；asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbe?comeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephoto?graphedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoa?greetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbase?ments?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

問題1選項

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

問題2選項

A.Amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.Suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollections

問題3選項

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

問題4選項

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。第一段介紹了考古界面臨的問題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“makeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.”作者是想提出一種方法解決考古的兩個問題，一個是資金問題，另一個是非法挖掘的問題。選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.”?？芍欠ㄍ诰驅е铝怂囆g品賣出高價，存在這樣的市場，所以A項可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.”，可知認為每件工藝品都有價值是錯的，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.”，可知博物館已經沒有足夠的空間，無法儲藏未來可能會被發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物，說明已經儲藏了很多這樣的文物，所以選項C可排除。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…notlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds…”可知由于儲存空間不夠，沒有足夠的資金把它們編入目錄，一旦被放進去就難以被找到。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforallloappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.”，可知人們認為古代文物是供人們欣賞的，而不是賣出高價，所以人們會反對被展出的文物賣給私人收藏家。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

問題1選項

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。normalized“正常化的”；modernized“現(xiàn)代化的”；mechanized“機械化的，呆板的”；standardized“標準的，標準化的”。句意：這個洗衣機的所有部件都是標準的，所以要替換他們非常方便。D項符合題意。

13.翻譯題

Brown最新出版的書中提出：關于人類對生態(tài)的影響，最樂觀的估計也表明它已經超過了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大壓力下的地球和麻煩不斷的人類文明迫在眉睫。Brown在書中使用了一連串令人沮喪的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)對物種滅絕、水資源短缺以及石油生產量下降所引發(fā)的經濟動蕩進行了描述，特別強調了氣候變化帶來的系列負面效應以及應對措施。他所描述的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態(tài)令人震驚，但有說服力：世界上最貧窮的人們與似乎更加饑餓的生物燃料產業(yè)之間在開展食物爭奪。在石油價格日益上漲，產量逐漸變少，最后有可能枯竭的情況下，生物燃料產業(yè)的任務是確保發(fā)達國家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。窮人始終處于劣勢地位。Brown認為拯救地球的計劃必須是消除貧困，穩(wěn)定人口。但是，在執(zhí)行本計劃過程中，必須處理好經濟利益和全球金融機構的“民主赤字”問題，因為窮人通常被排除在外。

【答案】InBrown’slatestbook,hearguesthatthemostoptimisticestimatesofman’simpactonecologysuggestthatithasexceededabout20%oftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity.Itisimperativetosaveaplanetundergreatpressureandatroubledhumancivilization.Brownusesaseriesofdepressingstatisticstodescribetheeconomicturmoilcausedbyspeciesextinction,watershortagesanddecliningoilproduction,withaparticularemphasisonthenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandwhatcanbedoneaboutthem.Hisdescriptionofthechaoscausedbyclimatechangeisshockingbutpersuasive:acompetitionforfoodbetweentheworld’spoorestpeopleandabiofuelsindustrythatseemsevenhungrier.Asoilpricesriseandproductionrunsout,thebiofuelindustry’sjobistokeepthedevelopedworld’soff-roadvehiclesontheroad.Thepoorarealwaysatadisadvantage.Brownbelievesthattheplantosavetheplanetmustbetoeradicatepovertyandstabilizepopulation.However,inimplementingtheplan,the“democraticdeficit”ofeconomicinterestsandglobalfinancialinstitutionsmustbeaddressed,sincethepoorareoftenexcluded.

14.單選題

Totestthe（

）ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.

問題1選項

A.universality

B.rate

C.decorum

D.efficacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。universality普遍性；廣泛性；一般性；多方面性；rate比率；速度；價格；等級；decorum禮儀；禮貌；端正；恪守禮儀；efficacy功效，有效性。句意：為了測試借用一個研究領域的內容去充實另一個研究領域內容的有效性，要簡單地調查源于一個研究領域的術語在多大程度上可以自然地被其他研究領域所利用。由“simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother可知“有效性”符合。故D項正確。

15.翻譯題

在任何社會里教育總是反映這個社會的一面鏡子。通過這面鏡子我們可以看到我們的實力,我們的弱點,我們的希望,我們的偏見,以及我們這個國家的主要價值觀念。過去四十年來人們對教育的重視說明了人們都強烈地感到不管每個人的個人情況如何,都應當給與充分發(fā)展他能力的機會。

【答案】Inanysocialcommunity,educationisalwaysamirrorasthereflectionofthesociety.Throughthis,wecanhaveasightofourstrength,weakness,hope,prejudiceandthemajorvalueofourcountry.Havingpassedthroughfortyyears,people’sgreatimportanceoneducationprovesthatpeopleshouldprovidetheopportunitiestodeveloptheirabilitiesbutregardlessoftheirpersonalsituation.

16.單選題

ThedevelopmentofthemodernpresidencyintheUnitedStatesbeganwithAndrewJacksonwhoswepttopowerin1829astheheadoftheDemocraticPartyandserveduntil1837.Duringhissecondterm,hisopponentshadgraduallycometogethertoformtheWhigparty,WhigsandDemocratshelddifferentattitudestowardthechangesbroughtaboutbythemarket,banks,andcommerce.TheDemocratstendedtoviewsocietyasacontinuingconflictbetween“thepeople”farmers,planters,andworkers-andasetofgreedyaristocrats.This“papermoneyaristocracy”ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation’svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.TheDemocratswantedtherewardsofthemarketwithoutsacrificingthefeaturesofasimpleagrarianrepublic.Theywantedthewealththatthemarketofferedwithoutthecompetitive,changingsociety;thecomplexdealing:thedominanceofurbancenters;andthelosscamewithit.

Whigs,ontheotherhand,weremorecomfortablewiththemarket.Forthem,commerceandeconomicdevelopmentwereagentsofcivilization.NordidtheWhigsenvisionanyconflictinsocietybetweenfarmersandworkersontheonehandandbusinesspeopleandbankersontheother.Economicgrowthwouldbenefiteveryonebyraisingnationalincomeandexpandingopportunity.Thegovernment’sresponsibilitywastoprovideawell-regulatedeconomythatguaranteedopportunityforcitizensofability.

WhigsandDemocratsdifferednotonlyintheirattitudestowardthemarketbutalsoabouthowactivethecentralgovernmentshouldbeinpeople’slives.DespiteAndrewJackson’sinclinationtobeastrongPresident,Democratsasarulebelievedinlimitedgovernment.Governments’roleintheeconomywastopromotecompetitionbydestroyingmonopoliesandspecialprivileges.Inkeepingwiththisphilosophyoflimitedgovernment,Democratsalsorejectedtheideathatmoralbeliefswerethepropersphereofgovernmentaction.Religionandpolitics,theybelieved,shouldbekeptclearlyseparate,andtheygenerallyopposedhumanitarianlegislation.

TheWhigs,incontrast,viewedgovernmentpowerpositively.Theybelievedthatitshouldbeusedtoprotectindividualrightsandpublicliberty,andthatithadaspecialrolewhereindividualeffortwasineffective.Byregulatingtheeconomyandcompetition,thegovernmentcouldensureequalopportunity.Indeed,forWhigstheconceptofgovernmentpromotingthegeneralwelfarewentbeyondtheeconomy.Inparticular,WhigsinthenorthernsectionsoftheUnitedStatesalsobelievedthatgovernmentpowershouldbeusedtofosterthemoralwelfareofthecountry.Theyweremuchmorelikelytofavorsocial-reformlegislationandaidtoeducation.

Insomewaysthesocialmakeupofthetwopartieswassimilar.Tobecompetitiveinwinningvotes,WhigsandDemocratsbothhadtohavesignificantsupportamongfarmers,thelargestgroupinsociety,andworkers.Neitherpartycouldwinanelectionbyappealingexclusivelytotherichorthepoor.TheWhigs,however,enjoyeddisproportionatestrengthamongthebusinessandcommercialclasses.Democratsattractedfarmersisolatedfromthemarketoruncomfortablewithit,workersalienatedfromtheemergingindustrialsystem,andrisingentrepreneurswhowantedtobreakmonopoliesandopentheeconomytonewcomerslikethemselves.TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemi-subsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandpitifuleconomically.

1.Theauthormentions“bankersandinvestors”inthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

2.Accordingtoparagraph2,Whigsbelievedthatcommerceandeconomicdevelopmentwouldhavewhichofthefollowingeffectsonsociety?

3.ADemocratwouldbemostlikelytosupportgovernmentactioninwhichofthefollowingareas?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph4aboutvariationsinpoliticalreliefswithintheWhigParty?

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theDemocratsweresupportedbyallofthefollowinggroupsEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.TheDemocraticParty’smainsourceofsupport.

B.ThepeoplethatDemocratsclaimedwereunfairlybecomingrich.

C.Thepeoplemostinterestedinareturntoasimpleagrarianrepublic.

D.OneofthegroupsinfavorofAndrewJackson’spresidency.

問題2選項

A.Theywouldpromotetheadvancementofsocietyasawhole.

B.TheywouldcausedisagreementsbetweenWhigsandDemocrats.

C.TheywouldsupplynewpositionsforWhigPartymembers.

D.Theywouldpreventconflictbetweenfarmersandworkers.

問題3選項

A.Creatingastatereligion.

B.Supportinghumanitarianlegislation.

C.Destroyingmonopolies.

D.Recommendingparticularmoralbeliefs.

問題4選項

A.Theywerefocusedonissuesofpublicliberty.

B.TheycausedsomememberstoleavetheWhigparty.

C.TheywereunimportanttomostWhigs.

D.Theyreflectedregionalinter.

問題5選項

A.workersunhappywiththenewindustrialsystem

B.plantersinvolveininternationaltrade

C.risingentrepreneurs

D.individualsseekingtoopentheeconomytonewcomers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文中第一段倒數(shù)第三句Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation’svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.（民主黨人宣稱，這個由銀行家和投資者組成的“紙幣貴族”為了自己的利益操縱了銀行系統(tǒng)，并通過鼓勵投機和對突然的不勞而獲的財富的渴望削弱了國家的美德），B選項“民主黨宣稱的那些人正在不公平地變得富有”，符合文章內容，因此B選項正確。A選項“民主黨的主要支持者”，在文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除。C選項“人們對回歸簡單的農業(yè)共和國最感興趣”，文章所說的是不犧牲簡單的農業(yè)共和國的特征，因此C