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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.

Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.

Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.

Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

【答案】我們不能接受氣候變化造成的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅,那可能會(huì)永久性地?fù)p害我們傳給子孫后代的這個(gè)世界。我們不能播下沖突和饑荒的種子,摧毀海岸線,使城市蕭條。這就是為什么我們所有國家現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)各自的責(zé)任,改變我們使用能源的方式。

我們不能接受一個(gè)更多人被剝奪機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)的世界,這種人人渴望的機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)就是:能夠接受教育,能夠過上體面的生活,有安全感,即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的擔(dān)憂中沒有希望地生活。

我知道這些挑戰(zhàn)是可以應(yīng)對的,只要人們認(rèn)識到這些挑戰(zhàn)不會(huì)由一個(gè)人或一個(gè)國家單獨(dú)應(yīng)對。這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅僅是我政府的努力,而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。

2.單選題

Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitsofbirdsandbeasts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.acquaintance

C.discrimination

D.justification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisition“獲得物,獲得;收購”;B選項(xiàng)acquaintance“熟人;熟悉;熟知;相識;了解;知道”;C選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視;區(qū)別,辨別;識別力”;D選項(xiàng)justification“理由;辯護(hù);認(rèn)為有理,認(rèn)為正當(dāng);釋罪”。句意:徹底的生物學(xué)研究需要_____樹木和植物的特性以及鳥獸的習(xí)性。此處填“熟悉”一詞最符合句意,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

RockstarEricClaptonbecame()toheroininthelate60sandhadtogoaspecialclinicfortreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indulged

B.addicted

C.hooked

D.dependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)indulged“沉溺”,常見搭配beindulgedin“沉溺于……”;B選項(xiàng)addicted“上癮”,常見搭配beaddictedto“對……上癮”;C選項(xiàng)hooked“鉤??;抓住”,常見搭配behookedon“被迷住”;D選項(xiàng)dependent“依賴的”,常見搭配dependenton“依靠”。句意:搖滾明星埃里克?克拉普頓六十多歲時(shí)對海洛因上癮,必須去特殊診所接受治療。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heroin“海洛因”是毒品,一旦沾上就容易上癮。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly(

)theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain“保持,記住”;maintain“保持”;remain“保持,留下”;sustain“維持,支持,支撐”。句意;小樹的枝丫很難承受果實(shí)的重量。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.Later,inthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,theinfirmaryseparatedfromthealmshouseandbecameanindependentinstitutionsupportedbylocaltaxmoney.Atthesametime,privatecharityhospitalsbegantodevelop.Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick,sincetherewaslittlethatmedicinecouldactuallydotocureillness,andthemiddleclasswastreatedathomebyprivatephysicians.

Lateinthenineteenthcentury,theprivatecharityhospitalbegantryingtoattractmiddle-classpatients.Althoughthedepressionof1890stimulatedthegrowthofcharitableinstitutionsandanexpandingurbanpopulationbecamedependentonassistance,therewasadeclineinprivatecontributionstotheseorganizationswhichforcedthemtolooktolocalgovernmentforfinancialsupport.Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.

Theadventofprivatehospitalhealthinsurance,whichprovidedmiddle-classpatientswiththepurchasingpowertopayforprivatehospitalservices,guaranteedtheprivatehospitalaregularsourceofincome.Privatehospitalsrestrictedthemselvestorevenue-generatingpatients,leavingthepublichospitalstocareforfilepoor.Althoughpublichospitalscontinuedtoprovideservicesforpatientswithcommunicablediseasesand-outpatientandemergencyservices,theBlueCrossplansdevelopedaroundtheneedsoftheprivatehospitalsandtheinpatientstheyserved.Thus,reimbursementforambulatorycarehasbeenminimalundermostBlueCrossplans,andprovisionofoutpatientcarehasnotbeenamajorfunctionoftheprivatehospital,inpartbecauseprivatepatientscanaffordtopayfortheservicesofprivatephysicians.Additionally,sinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenatremendousinfluxoffederalmoneyintoprivatemedicalschoolsandthehospitalsassociatedwiththem.Further,largeprivatemedicalcenterswithexpensiveresearchequipmentandprogramshaveattractedthebestadministrators,physicians,andresearchers.Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,theveryfirstprivatehospitals______.

57.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthedifferencesthatcurrentlyexistbetweenpublicandprivatehospitalsareprimarilytheresultof______.

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortointroduceinthenextparagraph?

59.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

60.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpublichospitalscanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developedfromalmshouseinfirmaries

B.wereestablishedmainlytoservicethepoor

C.weresupportedbygovernmentrevenues

D.providedbettercarethanpublicinfirmaries

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.politicalconsiderations

B.legislativerequirements

C.economicfactors

D.ethicalconcerns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aplantoimprovethequalityofpublichospitals.

B.Ananalysisoftheprofitstructureofhealthinsurancecompanies.

C.Aproposaltoraisetaxesonthemiddleclass.

D.Adiscussionofrecentdevelopmentsinmedicaltechnology.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.describethefinancialstructureofthehealthcareindustry

B.demonstratetheimportanceofgovernmentsupportforhealth-careinstitutions

C.criticizewealthyinstitutionsforrefusingtoprovideservicestothepoor

D.identifythehistoricalcausesofthedivisionbetweenprivateandpublichospitals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemptuousandprejudiced

B.enthusiasticandsupportive

C.apprehensiveanddistrustful

D.concernedandunderstanding

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章,最早的私立醫(yī)院……”。文章第一段說到Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.(公立綜合醫(yī)院起源于殖民地時(shí)期地方政府為照顧窮人而建立的救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室),由此可知由救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室發(fā)展來的是公立醫(yī)院,而不是私人醫(yī)院,所以A項(xiàng)“由救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室發(fā)展而來”錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第一段最后一句Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick(私立醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院主要為貧困病人提供食物和住所)可知,最開始公立醫(yī)院和私立醫(yī)院都是為窮人提供服務(wù)的,因此B項(xiàng)“主要是為窮人服務(wù)而建立的”符合題意;C項(xiàng)“由政府收入支持”文中未提及;D項(xiàng)“提供比公立醫(yī)院更好的護(hù)理”,最初的公立醫(yī)院和私立醫(yī)院都是為窮人服務(wù),沒有好壞之分,因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選B。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“可以推斷,作者認(rèn)為目前公立醫(yī)院與私立醫(yī)院之間存在的差異,主要是由于……”。根據(jù)文章第二段Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.(因?yàn)樗饺藱C(jī)構(gòu)也失去了捐助者;他們開始向病人收費(fèi)。為了吸引中產(chǎn)階級患者,私人機(jī)構(gòu)提供了區(qū)分付費(fèi)和非付費(fèi)患者的服務(wù)和設(shè)施,使醫(yī)院成為私人醫(yī)生治療自己患者的理想場所。隨著付費(fèi)病人對私立醫(yī)院的生存變得更加必要,公立醫(yī)院慢慢成為窮人獲得治療的唯一場所。到19世紀(jì)末,城市開始償還私立醫(yī)院對貧困病人的護(hù)理費(fèi)用,而公立醫(yī)院仍然依靠納稅人的錢),這一段詳細(xì)闡述了私立醫(yī)院是如何從不收費(fèi)到收費(fèi),并且因?yàn)橘Y金的慢慢累積而變得更好,而公立醫(yī)院一直都依賴于政府的稅收,很難發(fā)展。所以這是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素導(dǎo)致兩者的差異,而不是政治,立法或者倫理原因。故A項(xiàng)“政治上的考慮”,B項(xiàng)“立法要求”和D項(xiàng)“倫理關(guān)懷”錯(cuò)誤,C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”符合題意。故該題選C。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“下面哪一項(xiàng)會(huì)是作者在下一段中引入的最符合邏輯的主題?”。文章最后兩句話說到Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”(由于私人醫(yī)療中心擁有更多的資源,公立醫(yī)院在吸引高素質(zhì)的研究人員和醫(yī)務(wù)人員方面面臨越來越多的問題。隨著主流醫(yī)療保健在私營醫(yī)療部門的牢固建立,公立醫(yī)院已成為一個(gè)“垃圾場”),根據(jù)最后一段講述了公立醫(yī)院因?yàn)槿鄙儋Y金找不高素質(zhì)的醫(yī)療研究人員,導(dǎo)致其變成了一個(gè)垃圾場,根據(jù)邏輯推理,在接下來的文章中,作者極可能就此問題進(jìn)行分析,并給出如何改進(jìn)這一問題的方案,所以選擇A項(xiàng)“提高公立醫(yī)院質(zhì)量的計(jì)劃”;B項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司利潤結(jié)構(gòu)分析”,C項(xiàng)“提高中產(chǎn)階級稅收的提案”和D項(xiàng)“對醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)最近發(fā)展的討論”都與改善公立醫(yī)院無關(guān)。故該題選A。

59.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是什么”。全文作者一開始就講述了公立醫(yī)院與私立醫(yī)院的歷史發(fā)展與變化和直到今天各自如此不同的各種原因,所以D項(xiàng)“找出私立醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院分離的歷史原因”更能概括作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“描述醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)”,過于片面,這只是說了私立醫(yī)院與公立醫(yī)院不同的一個(gè)方面,不夠全面,故不選;B項(xiàng)“證明政府支持保健機(jī)構(gòu)的重要性”,文中作者也沒有說過政府支持對醫(yī)院的重要性,所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“批評富裕的機(jī)構(gòu)拒絕為窮人提供服務(wù)”,作者整個(gè)態(tài)度是中立的,并沒有批評哪一方面的意思,所以C項(xiàng)不選。故該題選D。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對公立醫(yī)院的態(tài)度最好的描述是什么”。作者在全文中對于公立醫(yī)院的來源于發(fā)展都是保持一種客觀描述的態(tài)度,對公立醫(yī)院今時(shí)今日的處境也表示理解與關(guān)心。所以選D項(xiàng)“關(guān)心和理解”更符合題意。文中作者并沒有表示任何輕蔑或是十分熱衷,所以A項(xiàng)“輕蔑和偏見”和B項(xiàng)“熱情和支持”均不選;C項(xiàng)“不安和不信任”,文中針對公立醫(yī)院的服務(wù)質(zhì)量作者沒有多做描述,不存在不信任或懷疑;因此該項(xiàng)也不選。故該題選D。

6.單選題

ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose(1)bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To(2)thequestionofattributionrequiresthe(3)ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethodsbeyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon(4)mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein(5)andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned(6),andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive(7)oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole(8)cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful(9)technique.Thebasicidea(10)pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent(11)causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto(12)afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange(13)bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible(14)onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are(15)thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric(16)ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe(17)ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe(18)ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe(19)ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall(20)isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】(1)語法分析??崭裉帒?yīng)填入those的后置定語,空后by提示此處為被動(dòng)。因此D項(xiàng)predicted(預(yù)言,預(yù)測)與models搭配合理,意為“通過模型來預(yù)測”。

(2)動(dòng)詞辨析。array排列,整隊(duì);ascertain弄清,確定,查明;probe調(diào)查;探索;perturb使人煩惱,不安。根據(jù)句意和句子后面的methods,C項(xiàng)probe與thequestionofattribution搭配符合邏輯,意為“調(diào)查問題的原因”。

(3)名詞辨析??崭裉帒?yīng)填入名詞,作require的賓語。以下兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是名詞:application運(yùn)用,應(yīng)用;integration結(jié)合,整合,一體化。根據(jù)句意,需要運(yùn)用更復(fù)雜的方法,A項(xiàng)application符合邏輯。

(4)動(dòng)詞辨析。conform遵守,符合;compare比較,對照;bide滯留,忍受;budget編制預(yù)算,安排開支。B項(xiàng)與mapsorpatterns搭配compare,意為“比較天氣變化圖和模式”。

(5)名詞辨析??崭窈鬄閍nd,所以空格處應(yīng)填與models并列的詞。只有D項(xiàng)observation(注意,觀察)與models為同類型。

(6)副詞辨析。optionally隨意地;ornamentally裝飾地;previously先前,以前;predicatively斷然地,肯定地。根據(jù)句意,此處指的是之前提到過的。

(7)名詞辨析。attribution歸因;autonomy自治,自治區(qū);indication指示,跡象;induction歸納法,就職。選項(xiàng)中,A項(xiàng)attribution與achieve...definitive搭配,意思是有可能找到天氣變化的明確原因。

(8)語義題。immune免疫的,不受影響的;seasonal季節(jié)性的,隨季節(jié)變化的;formidable可怕的,令人敬畏的;perceptible可感覺到的,可理解的。B項(xiàng)seasonal在此處比較合適,意為“季節(jié)性的循環(huán)”。

(9)語義題。后面句子提到了approaches,所以A項(xiàng)只有analysis(分析)放在此處比較合適,意為“更加強(qiáng)有力的分析技巧”。

(10)動(dòng)詞辨析??崭裉帪閯?dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作idea的后置定語,D項(xiàng)underlying(構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ))與idea搭配,意為“構(gòu)成這些方法的基本觀點(diǎn)”。

(11)形容詞辨析。potential潛在的,有潛力的;respectable體面的,高尚的;secretive秘密的;sturdy強(qiáng)壯的,結(jié)實(shí)的。A項(xiàng)potential與causesofclimatechange搭配,意為“天氣變化的潛在原因”。

(12)語義題。weary使疲乏,厭倦;obtain獲得;wink遞眼色,閃爍;retard使放慢或延緩。B項(xiàng)符合邏輯,此處意為“得到兩種天氣變化的匹配特征”。

(13)語法分析。此處句意為:models只能用來預(yù)測天氣變化。因此C項(xiàng)predict(預(yù)言,預(yù)測)正確。

(14)固定搭配。D項(xiàng)influence能與on搭配,意為“對……的影響”。

(15)動(dòng)詞辨析。pave鋪,為……鋪路;alter改變,更改;retreat撤退,退卻;salute歡迎,致敬。B項(xiàng)alter與thecompositionoftheatmosphere搭配,意為“正在改變大氣的組成成分”。

(16)名詞辨析。根據(jù)句意,increased(增加)的只能是concentration(濃度)。

(17)固定搭配。theabundanceof為固定用法,意為“大量,充足”,句意:增加了大氣中的微粒的數(shù)量。

(18)固定搭配。下文出現(xiàn)了theamountofenergy,因此推測此處為theamountof(……的數(shù)量)。

(19)名詞辨析。disposal清除,處理;property特性,性質(zhì);certainty確實(shí),確定的事;blend混合物。句意:這會(huì)改變大氣和云層的。B項(xiàng)符合句意。

(20)語義題。句意:對這些粒子的氣候效應(yīng)的深入研究才剛剛開始,總體還不確定。因此D項(xiàng)effect(影響)符合句意。

7.單選題

Youcanhireabicycleinmanyplaces.Usuallyyou’llhavetopaya().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deposit

B.deal

C.fare

D.fond

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deposit“押金”;B選項(xiàng)deal“交易”;C選項(xiàng)fare“交通費(fèi)”;D選項(xiàng)fond“鐘愛”。句意:你可以在很多地方租到自行車。通常你要付押金。本句表示支付租車押金,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theproblemof()toselectashissuccessorwasquicklydisposedof.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whom

B.which

C.what

D.how

【答案】A

【解析】考查代詞。由于不定式動(dòng)詞select為及物動(dòng)詞,因此這里所選代詞必須能夠作為其賓語,由此可將只能作狀語的關(guān)系詞how排除。在不定式短語toselectashissuccessor中賓語補(bǔ)足語hissuccessor是“人”,因此,賓語只能是指代人的代詞,由此可以肯定A選項(xiàng)whom為正確答案,并將B選項(xiàng)what和D選項(xiàng)which排除。句意:挑選誰作為他的繼任者的問題很快就解決了。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Hegaveusan()consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸張的;implicit含蓄的,暗示的;impartial公正的;extravagant奢侈的,浪費(fèi)的。句意:他默許我們拿走蘋果,因?yàn)楫?dāng)他看到我們這樣做時(shí),他笑了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert(

)itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。asif“好像”;evenif“即使,盡管”;provided“假如,倘若”;whatever“無論什么”。句意:即使要排一整晚的隊(duì),羅德也決心要買到演唱會(huì)的票。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷是讓步關(guān)系,故B項(xiàng)符合,答案B

11.單選題

Freshwaterisafiniteandvulnerableresource,essentialtosustainlife,developmentandtheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.likelytofail

B.likelytoaccumulate

C.likelytoimprove

D.likelytoenhance

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)likelytofail“可能會(huì)失敗”;B選項(xiàng)likelytoaccumulate“可能會(huì)積累”;C選項(xiàng)likelytoimprove“可能會(huì)改善”;D選項(xiàng)likelytoenhance“可能會(huì)提高”。句意:淡水是有限和____的資源,對維持生命、發(fā)展和環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。根據(jù)句意,該詞形容的是“淡水資源”,說明淡水的特性,A選項(xiàng)最符合語境,原文vulnerable“易受傷害的;脆弱的”。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

12.單選題

Ifyou()theprincipleofdemocraticgovernmenttoyourfamilyyouwillrunintosomeobviousdifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.track

C.manipulate

D.adapt

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Carry“拿,搬運(yùn)”;track“跟蹤,追蹤”;manipulate“操縱,控制”;adapt“使適應(yīng)”。句意:如果你使民主政府的原則適用于家庭中,那你會(huì)遇到各種明顯的困難。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting(

)over100.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告訴我參加會(huì)議的學(xué)生人數(shù)超過了100人。

語法題。考查主謂一致。此句為賓語從句。賓語從句的主語為thenumber,因此其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。而且主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),所以賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致。故選D。

14.單選題

Thediscussionquickly()intoanangryargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.aggravated

C.increase

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化”,B項(xiàng)aggravate“加重、激怒”,C項(xiàng)increase“提高”,D項(xiàng)decline“拒絕”;句意:這場討論迅速演變成憤怒的爭吵。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Becausetheywereunawareofhisinterestsinthebuilding,theydidnotunderstandwhyhe

AB

feltsobad.

CD

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unawareof

B.interests

C.felt

D.sobad

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。interest意為“興趣”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。

試題答案:B;interestin

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalizationofscientificactivity.

Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.(Nevertheless,theword'amateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity,andinparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.

Theurowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.

Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalizationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.

【答案】另一結(jié)果是科研活動(dòng)的日益專業(yè)化。

然而,“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確包含這樣一個(gè)內(nèi)涵,即所提到的人無法完全融入科學(xué)界,尤其是,他們可能無法完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。

十九世紀(jì),由于長期而復(fù)雜的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練,專業(yè)化的發(fā)展給從事科研的業(yè)余人員帶來了更大的問題。

作為這一發(fā)展的合理結(jié)果,不同的期刊面向不同的讀者,專業(yè)的或者業(yè)余的。

盡管職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化進(jìn)程在19世紀(jì)的英國地質(zhì)界進(jìn)行得非常深入,但是它所產(chǎn)生的影響到20世紀(jì)才體現(xiàn)出來。

17.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’ssanctiontoobtainalicense.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.approval

C.malignance

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù);證明;正當(dāng)理由;委任狀”;B選項(xiàng)approval“批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可;贊成”;C選項(xiàng)malignance“惡意,惡性”;D選項(xiàng)affirmation“主張,肯定;斷言”。句意:在那個(gè)國家,未到法定年齡結(jié)婚的人必須得到父母的批準(zhǔn)才能獲得結(jié)婚證。本句關(guān)鍵詞sanction表示“制裁,處罰;認(rèn)可;支持”,可和approval做同義替換;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

ThedominantmodelofAmericanlegaleducationremainsoneinwhichstudentsaretaughthowtoargueaggressively,withnoquartergivenortaken,andhowtofightanopposingviewpointwith()technicalskill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.programmed

B.un-programmed

C.uncompromising

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。programmed“程序化的”;un-programmed“非程序化的”;uncompromising“不妥協(xié)的,堅(jiān)定的”;promising“有希望的,有前途的”。句意:美國法律教育的主導(dǎo)模式仍然是這樣一種模式:學(xué)生們被教導(dǎo)如何進(jìn)行激烈的辯論,不退縮也不接受對方的憐憫,以及如何以毫不妥協(xié)的技巧與對立的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行斗爭。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Althoughpoliticianstendedto()acknowledgingthisaspect-ofpolicytoopublicly,intheirmorecandidmomentstheyadmittedthatthiscureforinflationwenthandinglovewithariseinunemploymentaboveNAIRU.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.steerclearto

B.steerclearingto

C.steerclearof

D.steerclearingof

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配steerclearto“避開”,句意:盡管政客們盡量避免過于公開認(rèn)證這方面的政策。不存在選項(xiàng)A、B、D搭配。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof(

),theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incongruity

B.disagreement

C.discrepancy

D.disharmony

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incongruity“不協(xié)調(diào);不適宜”;B選項(xiàng)disagreement“不一致;爭論”;C選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符;矛盾”;D選項(xiàng)disharmony“不一致;不融洽”。句意:本英文文件由中華人民共和國國務(wù)院法制局編譯,中國法制出版社出版。當(dāng)發(fā)生……時(shí),以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。此處應(yīng)指正式場合出現(xiàn)歧義時(shí),以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Insomecountriescustomersdon’tpay(

)fortheservicesinrestaurantsorbarbershops.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gratuities

B.stipends

C.bonuses

D.allowances

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Gratuities“小費(fèi),贈(zèng)品”;stipends“薪水”;bonuses“獎(jiǎng)金”;allowances“津貼”。句意:在一些國家,顧客不用為餐館或理發(fā)店的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.單選題

()newsandcurrentaffairs,Ihardlywatchanytelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asidefrom

B.Regardlessof

C.Inthefaceof

D.Sofaras

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。asidefrom“除……以外”;regardlessof“不管,不顧”;inthefaceof“面對”;sofaras“只要;就……而言”。句意:除了看看新聞和時(shí)政,我?guī)缀醪豢措娨?。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

23.翻譯題

Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.

【答案】我認(rèn)為,從生物學(xué)的角度來看,人生就像一首詩。它有自己的韻律和節(jié)奏,自有內(nèi)在的生長與衰亡周期。它開始于天真的童年,緊隨其后的是稚拙的青春期,帶著年輕的激情和愚笨,笨拙而努力地走向成熟;后來人到壯年,經(jīng)歷漸廣,閱人漸多,涉世漸深;乃至中年,節(jié)奏漸緩,個(gè)性沉淀如熟果,如美酒,更具容忍之心,愈發(fā)憤世嫉俗,卻待人生愈發(fā)溫和;再后來到暮年時(shí),內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)減少,如果我們已經(jīng)悟得老年真諦,且據(jù)此安頓殘年,則生活將平和、寧靜、安詳且美滿;最后生命之光搖曳而逝,人開始永恒的長眠,不再醒來。人應(yīng)能感受這種生命韻律之美,就如欣賞交響樂一樣,欣賞其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒緩的尾聲。生命的樂章大同小異,但每個(gè)人應(yīng)譜寫出自己獨(dú)有的樂曲。

24.單選題

Simulationswithlargenumbersofinteractingagentsshowthattheybehaveinwaysthatareoftenunpredictable;thepropertiesofsuchsystemsaresaidto“emerge”fromthebehavioroftheconnectedcompaniesandindividuals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimuli

B.duplications

C.systems

D.assumptions

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.stimuli刺激物B.duplications復(fù)制;復(fù)印

C.systems系統(tǒng)D.assumptions假定;假設(shè)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】simulation的意思是“模擬”,即模仿另外一個(gè)事物,B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】有大量交互主體的模擬表明,它們的行為方式通常是不可預(yù)測的;這些系統(tǒng)的特性被認(rèn)為是由相互關(guān)聯(lián)的公司和個(gè)人的行為“產(chǎn)生”的。

25.單選題

Itisimportantthattheyknow______togetfromtheapplicants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinformationneeded

B.whatisneeded

C.whatinformationtheyneed

D.theinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語和賓語從句。這里把whatinformation提前來引導(dǎo)從句擔(dān)當(dāng)主句的賓語,賓語從句的正常語序是theyneedtogetwhatinformationfromtheapplicants;這句話的句意是:他們知道什么信息是他們需要從申請人那里得到的,這很重要。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合語法,因此選C。

26.單選題

Membersofaristocracydon’t______agreatdealofpowernowadays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wield

B.manipulated

C.manage

D.sway

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)wield“使用,行使”,B項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱,操作,巧妙地處理”,C項(xiàng)manage“管理,經(jīng)營,控制”,D項(xiàng)sway“影響,統(tǒng)治,使搖動(dòng)”??崭裉幥懊嬗兄鷦?dòng)詞do,所以后面的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形,排除B選項(xiàng);賓語是power,只有wieldpower“掌握權(quán)利”符合語境。句意:現(xiàn)在貴族成員沒有多少權(quán)力。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis(1)tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave(2)andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The(3)professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill(4)bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)(5)position,someprofessorstreatthemas(6).However,nomatterhow

(7)professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof(8).

Professorsmay(9)socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey(10)theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeewithstudents(11)thenextdayexpectthemto(12)adeadlineforthe(13)ofapaperortobeprepared(14)adiscussionoranexam.Theprofes

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