書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東科技職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.

問題1選項

A.lure

B.tempt

C.seduce

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.lure吸引力；誘惑力n.B.tempt引誘；誘惑v.

C.seduce誘奸v.D.induce勸說；誘使v.

【考查點】名詞和動詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，The______ofmaterialism是句子的主語，主語應(yīng)該為名詞、代詞或名詞性短語，所以空格處要填入一個名詞，故只有A項符合條件。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項都是動詞，不符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【句意】物質(zhì)主義的誘惑主導了年輕人的思想，使他們盡可能地追求個人利益。

2.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項warranty“保證，擔?！保籅選項promise“許諾，允諾”；C選項certificate“證書”；D選項receipt“收據(jù)”。

句意：記住要對這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們將不提供任何維修。選項A符合語境。

3.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項

A.inregardto

B.inlinewith

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語。inregardto“關(guān)于”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”；intermsof“依據(jù)，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處后面的內(nèi)容是做方式狀語，因此從C與D選項中選，根據(jù)兩個詞組的意思，可知選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.

1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.

2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.

5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.

問題1選項

A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutes

B.isharmfultoteaching

C.functionswellintheuniversities

D.isfinanciallyunsound

問題2選項

A.researchinstitutes

B.developmentprograms

C.educationalresearch

D.part-timeactivity

問題3選項

A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearch

B.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattain

C.witheducationalresearch

D.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity

問題4選項

A.isrelativelyeasy

B.isquitecomplex

C.isoftentrivial

D.shouldhavelowerstandards

問題5選項

A.receivesadequatesupport

B.isnolongerapart-tomeactivity

C.iseasytoachieve

D.needsmorecommitment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認為研究成果的競爭會對教育產(chǎn)生負面的影響，從而降低教學質(zhì)量，即對教學有不利影響。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項researchinstitutes一直就是學校比較重視的方面；B選項并未在文中單獨說明；D選項也不是側(cè)重點。因此，C項符合原文，為正確答案。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認為教育研究應(yīng)該與科學研究有一樣的標準，但是如果沒有同等的投入和支持，無法實現(xiàn)這些標準。因此，B項認為“科學研究的有些標準，教育研究無法實現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認為教育研究并不簡單，難度不亞于解開人類思維的復雜性。故本題正確答案為B項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。通過原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責任促進教學科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類研究。因此，D項是正確答案。

5.單選題

Shehadclearlyno（）ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.

問題1選項

A.tendency

B.ambition

C.intention

D.willingness

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然給她的報酬豐厚，但她無意去工作。

考查名詞辨析。Tendency（事物發(fā)展的）傾向，趨勢,常和to或towards搭配,不修飾人；ambition抱負，志向，常和不定式或介詞of搭配；intention打算，意圖，目的，常和不定式或介詞of搭配；willingness樂意，心甘情愿。因此C無論從語義還是從搭配上都符合題目要求。

6.翻譯題

Totalitarianismisthepolarcaseofsuchbureaucraticconcentrationofpowerthatdestroysdemocraticprocessess,butnottheonlyone.Thesametendencycanbeobservedinpoliticalmachinethattransferthepowerthatlegallybelongstovoterstopoliticalbosses,inbusinesscorporationsthatvestthepowerthatrightfullybelongstostockholdersincorporationofficials,inthoseunionsthatbestowthepowerthatrightfullybelongstorank-and-filemembersuponunionleaders.Thesecasesleadsomewriterstocontendthatthepresenttrendtowardbureaucratizationspellsthedoomofdemocraticinstitution.Thismaywellbetoofatalisticaviewpoint,buttherecanbenodoubtthatthistrendconstitutesachallenge.Toprotectourselvesagainstthisthreat,whilecontinutingtoutilizetheseeffcientadministrativemechanisms,wemustfirstlearnfullytounderstandhowbureaucraciesfunction.

【答案】【參考譯文】

極權(quán)主義是這種官僚權(quán)力集中破壞民主進程的極端例子，但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趨勢：政治機器將合法屬于選民的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移給政治領(lǐng)袖；商業(yè)公司將合法屬于股東的權(quán)力授予公司高層；一些工會將應(yīng)賦予普通成員的權(quán)力給工會領(lǐng)導人。這些案例使一些作家認為，目前的官僚主義趨勢預(yù)示著民主制度的滅亡。這可能是一個偏宿命論的觀點，但毫無疑問，這種趨勢（給我們）帶來了一種挑戰(zhàn)。在我們繼續(xù)使用這些有效行政機制時，為了保護自己不受這種威脅，必須首先充分了解官僚機制是如何運作的。

7.單選題

Keynes’smajorinnovationwastoarguethatpersistentunemploymentmightbecausedbyadeficiencyindemandforproductionorservices,ratherthanbyadisequilibriuminthelabormarket.

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.severity

C.excess

D.duration

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.shortage不足，缺少，短缺B.severity嚴重性

C.excess超過，過度，過分D.duration持續(xù)時間，期間

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】deficiency的意思為“缺乏，缺少”，這里指的是失業(yè)可能是由于生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)需求不足，shortage與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】凱恩斯的主要創(chuàng)新在于，他認為持續(xù)失業(yè)可能是由于生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)需求不足，而不是由于勞動力市場不平衡。

8.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。compile“匯集；編輯”；gather“聚會，集會”；collaborate“合作，合著”；collect“收集；集合”。句意：當Sarah和我為校報合作一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與彼此一起工作。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.

Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmightfirsttrydrugs.Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.Peopletakedrugsandalcoholbecauseoftheelevatingorrelaxingeffectstheyhaveonthebodyotherwisepeoplewouldn’ttaketheminthefirstplace.

Butasthepersondevelopsahabit,thechemistryofthebrainstartstochangeandadapt,demandingmoreandmoreofthedrugasitresiststhediscomfortofwithdrawal.Thepersonbecomesanaddictandtheinitialmasonsfortakingthedrugsoonpaleinsignificanceastheneedfordrugsandoralcoholbeginstodominateeveryaspectoftheaddict’slife.Addictionsarelifelongillnessesthatareveryhardtotreat.Thedisturbingfactisthat1/3rdofpatientswhodoreceivetreatmentusuallyrelapsewithinoneyear.

Manyscientistsbelievethataddictionisrelatedtoourmostbasicinstinct,survival.Sincethebeginningoftimeourbrainhasevolvedtoensurethesurvivalofourspecies.Thebraincontrolsbehaviorbyrewardingactionsthatwillensuresurvivalofthespecies.Forexample,theintakeofnutrientssuchassugarsandfatsactivatetastereceptorsthatinturnactivatebrainrewardmechanisms.Theactivationofthesemechanismsproducescertainchangesintheindividualrangingfrombeinginamuchbettermoodtointensepleasureandeuphoria.Wearefarmorelikelytocontinuetoseekoutandeatthesenutrientsbecausethebrainrewardsusfortakingthenutrientsintothebodybyreleasingchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood.

Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.

Butotherfarmoreharmfuldrugssuchasheroine,crackandcocainearebetteratactivatingbrainrewardsystems,producingafarmorepowerfuleffectcomparedtoafeelingofcalmnessorrelaxationaftereatingagoodnutritiousmeal.Theactivationismuchmoreintensecausingtheindividualtocravethedrugandtofocustheiractivitiesaroundtakingthedrug.Theabilityofaddictivedrugstostronglyactivatebrainrewardmechanismsandtheirabilitytochemicallyalterthenormalfunctioningofthesesystemscanproduceanaddiction.Howeversomepeoplebecomeaddictedwhileothersdonot.

Manypeopledrinkalcoholorsmokecannabisorevencocaineandotherillegaldrugsbutthisdoesnotnecessarilymakethemaddictsandnotalladdictshavethesameintensityofaddiction.Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately10%ofanypopulationofanycountrywilltendtohaveanaddictivenatureandbecomeaddictsofsomekind.Itistruethatthoughthatsomeraces,notablyNativeAmericanIndiansandEskimos,dotendtohavehigherratesofaddictionthanothersforreasonsthatarenotfullyunderstood.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhobecomeaddictsmaybehighlyintelligentandbeextremelymotivatedbutareunabletocontroltheiraddiction.Addictionisbynomeansdependentonintelligence.Someofthemostskilledandintelligentpeoplemightbecomeaddictseventhoughtheyarefullyawareofthedetrimentalnatureofcontinuingtotakedrugsoralcohol.

Thefactisthatstillwedonotknowwhysomepeoplebecomeaddictsandothersdonotalthoughtherearemanytheoriesthatreasonthatsomepeoplesimplyhavean“addictivepersonalitytype”—beingfarmoresusceptibletotherewardmechanismthatproducesaddiction—whileothersstillbelievethatitistheaddicts’lackofwillpowertorefrainfromtakingdrugsoralcohol.Thebiggestkillerthoughisaperson’sdenialofhisorhercondition,thattheybelievethattheydonothaveaproblem,donotseekhelpbutinsteadcontinuetheabuseuntiltheyhaveeitherlosteverythingordieasthebodycannotcopeandeventuallyshutsdown.

1.Inparagraph1,thewordmisconceptionsisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobecomeaddictedtodrugsand/oralcohol?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplefirsttrydrugs,andalcoholbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whymighttherebeaprobleminthebrain’snaturalrewardsystem?

5.Inparagraph7,thewordintensityisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項

A.unprovedstatistics

B.wrongideas

C.truth

D.apprehension

問題2選項

A.Onlypeoplewhohavethefinancialmeanstobuydrugsandalcohol.

B.Usuallyonlycriminals.

C.Addictiondoesnothaveapreference.

D.Anyonewhotriesdrugsandalcoholisimmediatelyaddicted.

問題3選項

A.thereisnorealreason,itjusthappens

B.theyneedtoforgetaboutstress

C.everyonedoesit

D.peoplehavedifferentreasons

問題4選項

A.Becausecaffeineisdangerousandstimulatesourmetabolism.

B.Peoplewillbecomeinstantlyaddictedtonicotine.

C.Someharmfulsubstancescanfoolthebrainintothinkingtheyaregood.

D.Somepeoplearenaturallymoreaddictivetodrugsalcoholthanothers.

問題5選項

A.euphoria

B.level

C.result

D.desire

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。定位到文章第一段，Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety（關(guān)于成癮最大的誤解之一是，它只影響社會中的某些群體），wrongideas（錯誤的想法）與misconception（誤解）意思最為接近，unprovedstatistics未經(jīng)證實的統(tǒng)計，真相事實，apprehension贊賞，因此選項B正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到文章第一段Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground（然而，事實是，上癮是無視種族，膚色和社會經(jīng)濟背景的），意思就是上癮和經(jīng)濟、犯罪等是沒有直接關(guān)系的，而Addictiondoesnothaveapreference（上癮是沒有偏好的）與原文表達意義相近，因此C選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。定位到文章第二段，Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.（其中一些可能包括來自朋友的同輩壓力，壓力和個性特征）表明每個人都是有不同原因的，因此選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。定位到文章第五段，Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.（問題在于，這些獎勵系統(tǒng)不僅獎勵攝入無害的物質(zhì)，如糖和脂肪。一些化學物質(zhì)直接激活大腦的獎勵系統(tǒng)，繞過調(diào)節(jié)自然獎勵的感覺感受器?？Х纫?，酒精和尼古丁都能直接激活大腦的獎勵機制）表明人類的大腦獎勵系統(tǒng)不能夠準確地識別攝入物質(zhì)是否有害，因此選項C符合題意。

5.定位到文章第七段，…h(huán)avethesameintensityofaddiction…有相同上癮的程度，intensity意為程度，與level意義最為相近，因此選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答問卷者）listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（強調(diào)個性發(fā)展的），Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.

SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve（）.

2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto（）.

3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison（）.

4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto（）.

5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?

問題1選項

A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.

B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.

C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.

D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.

問題2選項

A.problemsolving

B.groupexperience

C.parentalguidance

D.individually–orienteddevelopment

問題3選項

A.preparingchildrenacademically

B.developingchildren’sartisticinterests

C.lappingchildren’spotential

D.shapingchildren’scharacter

問題4選項

A.broadenchildren’shorizon

B.cultivatechildren’screativity

C.lightenchildren’sstudyload

D.enrichchildren’sknowledge

問題5選項

A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.”，可知日本的學前教育提供的答案并不是美國人所期望的。令人驚訝的是，在大多數(shù)日本學前教育中，很少強調(diào)學術(shù)教育指導?？膳袛喑雒绹讼嘈湃毡镜膶W前教育強調(diào)學術(shù)指導。相信C符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented，Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.”，可知91%的日本受訪者認為，讓孩子們有團體經(jīng)歷是日本社會讓孩子接受學前教育的三大理由之一，62%的美國受訪者將團隊經(jīng)歷列為他們的三大選擇之一?？膳袛喑龃蠖鄶?shù)接受調(diào)查的美國人認為學齡前兒童也應(yīng)該重視團隊經(jīng)驗。相信B符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”，可知日本的學校不教授閱讀、寫作和數(shù)學等學業(yè)知識，而是教授諸如堅持、專注和團隊意識等能力?？膳袛喑鲈谌毡镜膶W前教育中，關(guān)注的重點在于塑造孩子的性格。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”，可知一些更先進的項目引入了自由游戲，作為一些日本幼兒園擺脫沉重的課業(yè)負擔的方法?？膳袛喑鋈毡镜膶W前教育引入了自由玩耍的項目，目的是為了減輕孩子的學習負擔。選項C符合題意。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.”，可知一些日本父母認為，如果他們的孩子參加一個大學的項目，這將使孩子未來更有可能被一流學校和大學錄取?？膳袛喑鲆恍┤毡靖改赴押⒆铀偷酱髮W附屬的幼兒園，原因在于這能增加他們上一流大學的機會，從而接受最好的教育。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出，強調(diào)”；underline“強調(diào)，在…下面劃線”；activate“刺激，使活動”；upgrade“使升級，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風格，如裝飾或圖畫。A項符合句意，答案A

12.單選題

Many,zoosintheUnitedStateshaveundergoneradicalchangesinthephilosophyanddesign.Allpossiblecareistakentoreducethestressoflivingincaptivity.Cagesandgroundsarelandscapedtomakegorillasfeelimmersedinvegetation,astheywouldbeinaCongojungle.Zebrasgazeacrossvistasarrangedtoappear(tozoosvisitors,atleast)nearlyasbroadasanAfricanplain.

Yet,strollingpastanimalsinzooafterzoo.Ihavenoticedthesignsofhobbledenergythathasfoundnorelease—largecatspacinginarepetitivepattern,primatesrockingforhoursinonecornerofacage.Thesetruncatedmovementsareknownascagestereotypes,andusuallythesemovementsbringaboutnoobviousphysicaloremotionaleffectsinthecaptiveanimal.Manyanimalspecialistsbelievethey,aremoretroublingtothepeoplewhowatchthantotheanimalsthemselves.Suchrestlessnessisanunpleasantreminderthat—despitethecarefulinteriordecorationandcleveropticalillusions—zooanimalsareprisoners,beingkeptinelaboratecells.

Therationaleforbreedingendangeredanimalsinzoosisneverthelesscompelling.Onceaspeciesfallsbelowacertainnumber,itisbesetbyinbreedingandotherprocessesthatnudgeitcloserandclosertoextinction.Iftheanimalalsofacesthewhole-scaledestructionofitshabitat,itsonehopeforsurvivalliesinbeingtransplantedtosomehavenofsafely,usuallyacage.Inservingastrustsforrarefauna,zooshavecommittedmillionsofdollarstocaringforanimals.Manyzoomanagershavegivengreatconsiderationtothepsychologicalhealthoftheanimalsintheircare.YetthemoreIlearnedaboutanimalsbredinenclosures,themoreIwonderedhowtheirsensibilitiesdifferedfromthoseofanimalsraisedtoroamfree.

Inthewild,animalsexistinaworldofwhichwehavelittleunderstanding.Theymaycommunicatewiththeirkindthrough"language"thatareindecipherablebyhumans.Afewstudiessuggestthatsomespeciesperceivelandscapesmuchdifferentlythanpeopledo;forexample,theymay:bekeenlyattunedtomovementonthefacesofmountainsoracrossthebroadspanofgrassyplains.Also,theirsocialstructuresmaybecomplexandintegraltotheirwell-being.Somescientistsbelievetheymayevendevelopculturaltraditionsthatarekeytothesurvivalofpopulations.

Butwhenananimalisconfined,itliveswithinavacuum.Ifitisaccustomedtocoveringlongdistancesinitssearchesforfood,itgrowslazyorbored.Itcanmakenodecisionsforitself;itsintelligenceandwildskillsatrophyfromlackofuse,becomes,inasense,oneofsociety’scharges,completelydependentonhumansfor'nourishmentandcare.

Howmightananimalspeciesbechanged—subtly,imperceptibly—byspendingseveralgenerationsinaper:?IposedthatquestiontothecuratorofbirdsattheSanDiegoWildAnimalPark,whichisabreedingcenterfortheendangeredCaliforniacondor."Ialwayshavetochucklewhensomeoneasksmethat,"thecuratorreplied.

"Evolutionhasshapedthebehaviorofthecondorforhundredsofyears.IfyouthinkIcanchangeitinacoupleofgenerations,you’regivingmealotofcredit."

RecentlythecondorwasreintroducedintotheCaliforniadesert—onlyamomentafteritscapture,inevolutionaryterms.Perhapsthecuratorwasright;perhapsthewildnatureofthebirdswouldemergeunscathed,althoughIwasnotconvinced.Butwhatofspeciesthatwillspenddecadesorcenturiesinconfinementbeforetheyarereleased?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

2.Theprimaryfunctionofthesecondparagraphistoshowthat（）

3.Inthefourthparagraph,theauthor'smostimportantpointisthatanimalsinthewild（）

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthefourthparagraphandthefifthparagraph?

5.Inparagraph5“charges”mostnearlymeans（）

問題1選項

A.highlighttheimprovementsintheconditionsofAmericanzoos

B.examinebehavioraltraitsofanimalslivinginzoos

C.raiseconcernsabouttheconfinementofwildanimalsinzoos

D.suggestalternativewaysofprotectingendangeredspecies

問題2選項

A.wildanimalsadapttotheircagesbymodifyingtheirmovements

B.confinedanimalsarenotbeingseriouslyharmed

C.zoosaredesignedwiththereactionsofspectatorsinmind

D.peopleareoverlysensitivetoseeinganimalsincaptivity

問題3選項

A.perceivelandscapesdifferentlythandoanimalsincaptivity

B.havemodesofcommunicatingthatareverysimilartothoseofhumans

C.arelikelytolivelongerthananimalskeptinzoos

D.dependonthecareandsupportofothersoftheirspecies

問題4選項

A.Thefourthparagraphpresentsaquestionthatisansweredinthefir'¶graph.

B.Thefourthparagraphcontainsanassertionthatisevaluatedinthefifthparagraph.

C.Thefifthparagraphdescribesacontrasttothesituationpresentedinthefourthparagraph.

D.Thefifthparagraphdiscussesthesecondpartoftheprocessdescribedinthefourthparagraph.

問題5選項

A.costs

B.responsibilities

C.demands

D.attacks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:通讀全文可知，本文主要是講作者對動物園提出質(zhì)疑，認為動物園是牢房，動物是被關(guān)在里面的囚犯。旨在引起人們對動物園限制野生動物的關(guān)注。選項C符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段“usuallythesemovementsbringaboutnoobviousphysicaloremotionaleffectsinthecaptiveanimal.”通常這些動作不會對被捕獲的動物產(chǎn)生明顯的生理或情感上的影響。所以選項B正確。

第3題:根據(jù)第四段，在野外，動物生活在一個我們知之甚少的世界里。它們可能通過人類無法理解的“語言”與同類交流，選項B錯誤；一些研究表明，一些物種對景觀的感知與人類有很大不同，選項A原文相符。選項C在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知選項D是被限制的野生動物，題干中是生活在野外的野生動物，所以排除。

第4題:根據(jù)第四段和第五段的內(nèi)容可知，第四段是描述生活在野外的動物，第四段是描述被人們?nèi)︷B(yǎng)的動物，兩者形成對比，所以選項C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，這里說的是動物因為不需要自己覓食，依賴人類提供營養(yǎng)和照料，變成了社會的責任。所以B選項正確。

13.單選題

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

問題1選項

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即將來臨的”；infallible“絕對可靠的”。句意：如果這個罪犯能說出有關(guān)謀殺犯的事，他可以免受懲罰。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

問題1選項

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative為固定搭配,意為“帶頭,采取主動”。句意:如果沒有人帶頭和計劃這次旅行,我們是不會離開家的。選項B正確。

15.單選題

ShouldIreceiveanymessageswhileIaminthemeeting,kindlyholdthemformetillaftertheoilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft.

問題1選項

A.Should

B.whileIaminthemeeting

C.kindlyholdthemfor

D.oilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。名詞所有格漏用。應(yīng)改為oilcompany’srepresentativeshaveleft.

16.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.