Lesson

3An

unknown

goddessLesson

3An

unknown

goddess1DetailexplainitionoftheText1How

did

the

archaologists

know

that

tstatue

was

a

goddess?Some

time

ago,

an

interesting

discovery

was

made

by

archaeologists

on

the

Aegean

islandof

Kea.sometime1>經(jīng)過若干時(shí)間2>在未來的某時(shí)sometimeadv.在某一時(shí)候,曾經(jīng),有一天sometimesadv.不時(shí),有時(shí)中文習(xí)慣用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。英文習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。以事件、結(jié)果、影響、效果為主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)客觀事實(shí)的陳述。DetailexplainitionoftheTex2DetailexplainitionoftheText2

An

American

team

explored

a

temple

which

stands

in

an

ancient

city

on

the

promontory

of

Ayia

Irini.which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾限定temple。（which

=

that）stand(不及物)

=

lie(不及物)位于=situate(及物)使位于,使處于=locate(及物)使...坐落于,位于which

stands

in...=which

lies

in…=which

is

locatedin…=whichissituated

in...Stand1>身高2>表示高高坐落于,矗立于--She

stands

1.75m.她身高1.75米--A

great

tree

stands

on

the

mount.一棵大樹豎立在山上。DetailexplainitionoftheTex3DetailexplanationoftheText3The

city

at

one

time

must

have

been

prosperous,

for

it

enjoyed

a

high

level

of

civilization.for

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：對(duì)主句的附加說明和解釋，提供更多的信息。because

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。The

day

broke

for

the

birds

were

singing.at

one

time表達(dá)曾經(jīng),一度（過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志,=once）must

have

been

對(duì)過去事實(shí)肯定的推測Houses

often

three

storeys

high

--

were

built

of

stone.They

had

large

rooms

with

beautifully

decorated

walls.With…具有…a

young

man

with

broad

shouldersan

old

lady

with

black

hairbeautifully

decorated過去分詞做定語,被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系a

deserted

carpark廢棄的停車場a

white

painted

door被刷成白色的門現(xiàn)在分詞做定語,被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系--a

boy

climbing

the

treethe

students

reading

in

the

roomDetailexplanationoftheText4DetailexplanationoftheText4The

city

was

equipped

with

a

drainage

system,

for

a

great

many

clay

pipes

were

found

beneath

the

narrow

streets.be

equipped

with配備,裝備（equipvt.裝備,配備）airconditioning空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置/airconditioner空氣調(diào)節(jié)機(jī),空調(diào)設(shè)備The

car

was

equipped

with

air

conditioning.for

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句在正下方：Beneath=under

beneath

the

narrow

streets=under

the

narrow

streetsHe

is

standing

under/beneath

the

umbrella.在進(jìn)行中：只能用under--under

control

控制之中/under

discussion討論之中/under

repairs修理之中below

在下方（強(qiáng)調(diào)在斜下方）She

is

sitting

below

the

windowThe

temple

which

the

archaeologists

explored

was

used

as

a

place

of

worship

from

the

fifteenth

century

B.C.

until

Roman

times.DetailexplanationoftheText5DetailexplanationoftheText5be

used

as/be

used

to

be把…用作為The

box

was

used

as

a

desk

in

the

small

village

school.The

wooden

box

was

used

as

a

bookcase.be

used

todo被用來做…The

wooden

box

is

used

to

contain

booksIn

the

most

sacred

room

of

temple,

clay

fragments

of

fifteen

statues

were

found.Each

of

these

represented

a

goddess

and

had,

at

one

time,

been

painted.represent

vt.代表I

represent

all

the

classmates.The

body

of

one

statue

was

found

among

remains

dating

from

the

fifteenth

century

B.C.dating

現(xiàn)在分詞,修飾remainsdatefrom=datebackto（開始于…,起始于…）The

custom

dating

from

1990.（customn.習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗）The

tradition

dates

from

the

time

when

his

grandfather

was

young.The

castle

dates

from

the

14th

century.=The

castle

dates

back

to

the

14th

century.城堡建造于14世紀(jì)DetailexplanationoftheText6DetailexplanationoftheText6Its

missing

head

happened

to

be

among

remains

of

the

fifth

century

B.C.happen

to偶然,碰巧（強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的偶然發(fā)生）I

happen

to

have

driven

that

kind

of

car.我恰巧開過那種車。He

happened

to

find

the

ticket

in

his

pocket.It

happens

that+從句

It

happened

that

I

met

her

on

my

way

to

work.=I

happened

to

meet

her

on

my

way

work.happen

on碰巧碰上I

happened

on

this

old

picture

in

the

back

of

thedrawer.我偶然的在抽屜的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張舊照片。Guess,who

didI

happen

on

while

I

was

in

London

last

month?DetailexplanationoftheText7DetailexplanationoftheText7This

head

must

have

been

found

in

Classical

times

and

carefully

preserved.It

was

very

old

and

precious

even

then.When

the

archaeologists

reconstructed

the

fragments,

they

were

amazed

to

find

that

the

goddess

turned

out

to

be

a

very

modern-looking

woman.Reconstruct=put

together,piece

together,restore（vt.恢復(fù),使回復(fù)）Amazed=very

much

surprisedsurprised>astonished>amazed>astounded感到驚訝（語氣遞增）to

find.../to

discover.../to

realize.../tosee…I'm

not

surprised

to

see

you

here1>turn

out…（表示結(jié)果）結(jié)果是,原來是（=prove,都表示系動(dòng)詞）turn

out(to

be)+

n/adj.The

concert

turned

out

to

be

a

failure.Our

party

turned

out

(to

be)a

success.我們的聚會(huì)非常的成功。DetailexplanationoftheText8DetailexplanationoftheText82>It

turned

out

+that從句（it作形式主語）It

turned

out

+其它名詞從句It

turned

out

that

the

diamonds

had

been

in

the

bank

all

the

time.原來鉆石一直都在銀行里保存著。It

turned

out

that

his

statement

was

false.原來他的話是假的。3>as

it

turns

out…后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)…As

it

turned

out,there

was

no

need

to

worry.后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有必要擔(dān)心。As

it

turned

out,the

report

was

mistaken.后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn),報(bào)告被弄錯(cuò)了She

stood

three

feet

high

and

her

hands

rested

on

her

hips.rest

onv.被擱在,停留在,信賴

=

depend

on（依靠,依賴）/lean

on（靠著）DetailexplanationoftheText9DetailexplanationoftheText9--His

hand

rested

lightly

on

my

shoulderShe

was

wearing

a

full-length

skirt

which

swept

the

ground.which

swept

the

ground近一步說明拖地的，拽地的Despite

her

great

age,

she

was

very

graceful

indeed,

but,

so

far,

the

archaeologists

have

been

unable

to

discover

her

identity.But,sofar,the

archaeologists

have

been

unable

to

discover

her

identity.=It

is

still

a

problem

for

the

archaeologists

up

to

now.Despite=in

spite

of

（兩者都是介詞），后面+

名詞/動(dòng)名詞so

far,up

to

now完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志discover

her

identity=find

out

her

identityDetailexplanationoftheText10Exercise（—）Multiplechoicequestions多項(xiàng)選擇1...D'Its

missing

head

happened

to

be

among

remains

of

the

fifth

century

B.C.'2...Dbe

employed

in被應(yīng)用在...方面this

is

confirmed

by

the

fact

that

引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明fact的內(nèi)容

3...Ain

doing

sth在...方面4...Dprosperityn.繁榮（不可數(shù)）know1>知道,認(rèn)識(shí)2>（文學(xué)用語）經(jīng)歷過,曾經(jīng)有過（=experience,比experience更加正式）--Heknewpovertyinhisearlydays.他早年有過痛苦的經(jīng)歷5...Bsince：自從（主干的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）6...Cto

one's

surprise使某人感到驚訝的是在句中可做獨(dú)立的狀語,句子的主語不必是某個(gè)人--To

my

great

disappointment

the

train

had

already

leftwith

surprise驚訝地（With

satisfaction/delight/dismay）必須與行為動(dòng)詞連用,句子的主語必須是某個(gè)人--He

smoked

his

last

cigarette

with

satisfaction.--He

went

home

with

dismay.--To

our

dismay

the

party

proved

to

be

a

failure.7...Bdespite

=

in

spite

of

(可以和名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞搭配)Exercise（—）Multiplechoiceque11Exercise（二）

8…Bso

far：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志如果用possible/impossible,就要采用形勢(shì)主語itSofar,it

has

been

impossible

for

thearchaeologists

to

discover

her

identity.9...AHolyadj.

神圣的,圣潔的religious宗教的/frightening令人害怕的/colourful豐富多彩的10...Dingoodcondition情況良好=ingoodstatewell

done側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)做得好conservevt.保存,保藏（=keep

from

being

wasted,damaged,lost,destroyed）“不用盡或耗盡某物，保留”Conserve

your

energy

you

needed.（energyn.精力,精神）你該養(yǎng)精蓄銳，你回用得上的。We

must

conserve

our

forest.maintainvt.維持,維修--通過修繕保養(yǎng),不使...破損（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過程）11...Bturn

out=prove,都表示系動(dòng)詞resolvevt,vi決定vt.(使)分解,溶解--Heresolvedongoingout.他決定出去。12...Bso

far=until

now,up

till

nowbeforehand(adv.預(yù)先)=in

advance(adv.預(yù)先)at

this

distance

of/in

time時(shí)隔已久--I

can

hardly

remember

him

at

this

distance

of

time.時(shí)隔這么久,我?guī)缀跸氩黄饋硭?。Exercise（二）

8…Bso

far：現(xiàn)在完12Lesson

3An

unknown

goddessLesson

3An

unknown

goddess13DetailexplainitionoftheText1How

did

the

archaologists

know

that

tstatue

was

a

goddess?Some

time

ago,

an

interesting

discovery

was

made

by

archaeologists

on

the

Aegean

islandof

Kea.sometime1>經(jīng)過若干時(shí)間2>在未來的某時(shí)sometimeadv.在某一時(shí)候,曾經(jīng),有一天sometimesadv.不時(shí),有時(shí)中文習(xí)慣用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。英文習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。以事件、結(jié)果、影響、效果為主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)客觀事實(shí)的陳述。DetailexplainitionoftheTex14DetailexplainitionoftheText2

An

American

team

explored

a

temple

which

stands

in

an

ancient

city

on

the

promontory

of

Ayia

Irini.which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾限定temple。（which

=

that）stand(不及物)

=

lie(不及物)位于=situate(及物)使位于,使處于=locate(及物)使...坐落于,位于which

stands

in...=which

lies

in…=which

is

locatedin…=whichissituated

in...Stand1>身高2>表示高高坐落于,矗立于--She

stands

1.75m.她身高1.75米--A

great

tree

stands

on

the

mount.一棵大樹豎立在山上。DetailexplainitionoftheTex15DetailexplanationoftheText3The

city

at

one

time

must

have

been

prosperous,

for

it

enjoyed

a

high

level

of

civilization.for

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：對(duì)主句的附加說明和解釋，提供更多的信息。because

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。The

day

broke

for

the

birds

were

singing.at

one

time表達(dá)曾經(jīng),一度（過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志,=once）must

have

been

對(duì)過去事實(shí)肯定的推測Houses

often

three

storeys

high

--

were

built

of

stone.They

had

large

rooms

with

beautifully

decorated

walls.With…具有…a

young

man

with

broad

shouldersan

old

lady

with

black

hairbeautifully

decorated過去分詞做定語,被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系a

deserted

carpark廢棄的停車場a

white

painted

door被刷成白色的門現(xiàn)在分詞做定語,被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系--a

boy

climbing

the

treethe

students

reading

in

the

roomDetailexplanationoftheText16DetailexplanationoftheText4The

city

was

equipped

with

a

drainage

system,

for

a

great

many

clay

pipes

were

found

beneath

the

narrow

streets.be

equipped

with配備,裝備（equipvt.裝備,配備）airconditioning空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置/airconditioner空氣調(diào)節(jié)機(jī),空調(diào)設(shè)備The

car

was

equipped

with

air

conditioning.for

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句在正下方：Beneath=under

beneath

the

narrow

streets=under

the

narrow

streetsHe

is

standing

under/beneath

the

umbrella.在進(jìn)行中：只能用under--under

control

控制之中/under

discussion討論之中/under

repairs修理之中below

在下方（強(qiáng)調(diào)在斜下方）She

is

sitting

below

the

windowThe

temple

which

the

archaeologists

explored

was

used

as

a

place

of

worship

from

the

fifteenth

century

B.C.

until

Roman

times.DetailexplanationoftheText17DetailexplanationoftheText5be

used

as/be

used

to

be把…用作為The

box

was

used

as

a

desk

in

the

small

village

school.The

wooden

box

was

used

as

a

bookcase.be

used

todo被用來做…The

wooden

box

is

used

to

contain

booksIn

the

most

sacred

room

of

temple,

clay

fragments

of

fifteen

statues

were

found.Each

of

these

represented

a

goddess

and

had,

at

one

time,

been

painted.represent

vt.代表I

represent

all

the

classmates.The

body

of

one

statue

was

found

among

remains

dating

from

the

fifteenth

century

B.C.dating

現(xiàn)在分詞,修飾remainsdatefrom=datebackto（開始于…,起始于…）The

custom

dating

from

1990.（customn.習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗）The

tradition

dates

from

the

time

when

his

grandfather

was

young.The

castle

dates

from

the

14th

century.=The

castle

dates

back

to

the

14th

century.城堡建造于14世紀(jì)DetailexplanationoftheText18DetailexplanationoftheText6Its

missing

head

happened

to

be

among

remains

of

the

fifth

century

B.C.happen

to偶然,碰巧（強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的偶然發(fā)生）I

happen

to

have

driven

that

kind

of

car.我恰巧開過那種車。He

happened

to

find

the

ticket

in

his

pocket.It

happens

that+從句

It

happened

that

I

met

her

on

my

way

to

work.=I

happened

to

meet

her

on

my

way

work.happen

on碰巧碰上I

happened

on

this

old

picture

in

the

back

of

thedrawer.我偶然的在抽屜的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張舊照片。Guess,who

didI

happen

on

while

I

was

in

London

last

month?DetailexplanationoftheText19DetailexplanationoftheText7This

head

must

have

been

found

in

Classical

times

and

carefully

preserved.It

was

very

old

and

precious

even

then.When

the

archaeologists

reconstructed

the

fragments,

they

were

amazed

to

find

that

the

goddess

turned

out

to

be

a

very

modern-looking

woman.Reconstruct=put

together,piece

together,restore（vt.恢復(fù),使回復(fù)）Amazed=very

much

surprisedsurprised>astonished>amazed>astounded感到驚訝（語氣遞增）to

find.../to

discover.../to

realize.../tosee…I'm

not

surprised

to

see

you

here1>turn

out…（表示結(jié)果）結(jié)果是,原來是（=prove,都表示系動(dòng)詞）turn

out(to

be)+

n/adj.The

concert

turned

out

to

be

a

failure.Our

party

turned

out

(to

be)a

success.我們的聚會(huì)非常的成功。DetailexplanationoftheText20DetailexplanationoftheText82>It

turned

out

+that從句（it作形式主語）It

turned

out

+其它名詞從句It

turned

out

that

the

diamonds

had

been

in

the

bank

all

the

time.原來鉆石一直都在銀行里保存著。It

turned

out

that

his

statement

was

false.原來他的話是假的。3>as

it

turns

out…后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)…As

it

turned

out,there

was

no

need

to

worry.后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有必要擔(dān)心。As

it

turned

out,the

report

was

mistaken.后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn),報(bào)告被弄錯(cuò)了She

stood

three

feet

high

and

her

hands

rested

on

her

hips.rest

onv.被擱在,停留在,信賴

=

depend

on（依靠,依賴）/lean

on（靠著）DetailexplanationoftheText21DetailexplanationoftheText9--His

hand

rested

lightly

on

my

shoulderShe

was

wearing

a

full-length

skirt

which

swept

the

ground.which

swept

the

ground近一步說明拖地的，拽地的Despite

her

great

age,

she

was

very

graceful

indeed,

but,

so

far,

the

archaeologists

have

been

unable

to

discover

her

identity.But,sofar,the

archaeologists

have

been

unable

to

discover

her

identity.=It

is

still

a

problem

for

the

archaeologists

up

to

now.Despite=in

spite

of

（兩者都是介詞），后面+

名詞/動(dòng)名詞so

far,up

to

now完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志discover

her

identity=find

out

her

identityDetailexplanationoftheText22Exercise（—）Multiplechoicequestions多項(xiàng)選擇1...D'Its

missing

head

happened

to

be

among

remains

of

the

fifth

century

B.C.'2...Dbe

employed

in被應(yīng)用在...方面this

is

confirmed

by

the

fact

that

引導(dǎo)同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明fact的內(nèi)容

3...Ain

doing

sth在...方面4...Dpros