語音題專練

一．找出劃線部分發(fā)音不同的選項(xiàng)。

（

）1.

A.

bear

B.

dear

C.

there

D.

wear

（

）2.

A.

what

B.

which

C.

whose

D.

where

（

）3.

A.

food

B.

foot

C.

classroom

D.

book

（

）4.

A.

right

B.

bright

C.

eight

D.

light

（

）5.

A.

year

B.

hear

C.

here

D.

near

（

）6.

A.

with

B.

thin

C.

think

D.

thank

（

）7.

A.

teapot

B.

bread

C.

sweater

D.

heavy

（

）8.

A.

afternoon

B.

balloon

C.

good

D.

moon

（

）9.

A.

wanted

B.

tasted

C.

played

D.

visited

（

）10.

A.cooked

B.

collected

C.

passed

D.

stopped

（

）11

.A.

tonight

B.

July

C.

sign

D.

early

(

)

12.

A.

plant

B.

last

C.

farm

D.

camp

(

)

13.

A.

what

B.

want

C.

water

D.

watch

(

)

14.

A.

from

B

.

postcard

C.

open

D.

close

(

)

15.

A.

speak

B

.

eat

C.

great

D.

lead

(

)16.

A.

weekdays

B.

stays

C.

ways

D.

says

(

)17.

A.

like

B.

machine

C.

drive

D.

write

(

)

18.

A.

great

B.

breakfast

C.

head

D.

bread

二選出與所給單詞劃線部分發(fā)音相同的選項(xiàng)。

1.

(

)

race

A.

make

B.

cat

C.

what

D.

class

2.

(

)

bear

A.

wear

B.

near

C.

dear

D.

pear

3.

(

)sweater

A.

reader

B.

teacher

C.

ready

D.

meat

4.

(

)

here

A.

there

B.

where

C.

hear

D

.

hair

5.

(

)now

A.

window

B.

how

C.

know

D.

show

6.(

)

sport

A：word

B：world

C.

work

D.

morning7.(

)glass

A：apple

B：fast

C.

bag

D.

name(

)

what

A：want

B：ask

C.

tap

D.

at(

)

low

A：brown

B：now

C.

how

D.

know(

)

worry

A：strong

B：doll

C

.

come

D.

over

11.（

）home

A.

not

B.

orange

C.

wrong

D.

hello

12.（

）head

A.

bread

B.

please

C.

break

D.

seat

13.（

）sit

A.

kite

B.

fly

C.

Miss

D.

like14.（

）bear

A.

early

B.

ear

C.

where

D.near15.（

）cook

A.

nice

B.

cake

C.

race

D.deliciousKeys:一。1-5BCACA6-10AACCB11-15DDCAC16-18DBA二．1-5AACCB6-10DBADC11-15DACCB\中考英語語法精講精練(11)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

2010-04-0216:55:28|

分類：\o"默認(rèn)分類"默認(rèn)分類|

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11.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)11.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語：every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。例如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國東部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　Ｗ⒁猓捍擞梅ㄈ绻霈F(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如：Idon'twantsomuch.我不要那么多。AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英語寫得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功課。第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.2一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.那時(shí)，布朗一家無論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時(shí)間了""該……了"。例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimethatsb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了"，例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.還是明天來吧。4）wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等，而一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。比較：Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意：用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?您還要些什么嗎？Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would。例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.3usedto/beusedtousedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。beusedto+doing：對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。典型例題----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.4一般將來時(shí)1）shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。例如：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？我先讀哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？2）begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開播。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。3）be+不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如：WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。4）beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.5begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，begoingto表將來,will表意愿。例如：Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.6beto和begoingtobeto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.7一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來1）下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽車什么時(shí)候開？十分鐘后。2）以here,there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.車來了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.鈴響了。3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：WhenBillcomes（不是willcome）,askhimtowaitforme.比爾來后，讓他等我。I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里，就寫信給你。4）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的賓語從句中。例如：Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.8用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如：I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.9現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have（has）+過去分詞。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.10比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。共同的時(shí)間狀語：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例如：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.11用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次訪問這城市。Thisisthefirsttime（that）I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisis+形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。典型例題（1）---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。（2）---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.12比較since和forSince用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。例如：

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在這兒二十多年了。

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我從出生起就住在這兒了。

注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）

注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。

1）（對(duì)）TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

2）（錯(cuò)）Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.13since的四種用法1）since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix）。例如：Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。2）since+一段時(shí)間+ago。例如：Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。3）since+從句。例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后，變化可大了。Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我們走后，變化可大了。4）Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句。例如：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有兩年了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.14延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞1）用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（表結(jié)果）I'veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2）用于till/until從句的差異延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。典型例題1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.15過去完成時(shí)1）概念：表示過去的過去----|----------|--------|---->其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在2）用法a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。例如：Shesaid（that）shehadneverbeentoParis.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。b.狀語從句在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。3）過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。例如：HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。典型例題Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB，werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft答案D."把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。注意：hadhardly…when還沒等……就……。例如：IhadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenIhehitme.我剛打開門，他就打了我。hadnosooner…than剛……就……。例如：Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.16用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)1）兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。2）兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。例如：WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.3）敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。例如：OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.17將來完成時(shí)1）構(gòu)成willhavedone2）概念a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如：Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如：YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此時(shí)，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.18現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a.表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：Wearewaitingforyou.我們正在等你。b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）c.表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：Theleavesareturningred.葉子在變紅。It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越來越熱了。d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.19不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐的。2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的幫助。Helovesherverymuch.他愛她很深。3）瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的勸告。4）系動(dòng)詞，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.20過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3）常用的時(shí)間狀語有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。例如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我兄弟騎車時(shí)摔了下來，受了傷。Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他們離開車站時(shí)，正下著雨。WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽光燦爛。典型例題1）Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2）Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell（fall的過去時(shí)），是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fallsick。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.21將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1）概念：表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。例如：She'llbecomingsoon.她會(huì)很快來的。I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.將來我一定去見他。注意：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示"意志"，不能說I'llbehavingatalkwithher.2）常用的時(shí)間狀語有soon,tomorrow,thisevening，onSunday,bythistime，tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening等。例如：Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天此時(shí)，我正躺在海灘上呢。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.22一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase（that）,unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如：HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。典型例題（1）Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeededC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有Hesaid，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，故選B.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。（2）表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。例如：Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。（實(shí)際上每天如此。）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.23一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)1）"書上說"，"報(bào)紙上說"等。例如：Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。2）敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。例如：Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.拿破侖的軍隊(duì)正在向前挺進(jìn)，大戰(zhàn)開始了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.24一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)，如hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember等。例如：Ihear（=haveheard）hewillgotoLondon.我聽說了他將去倫敦。Iforget（=haveforgotten）howoldheis.我忘了他多大了。2）用句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"。例如：Itis（=hasbeen）fiveyearssincewelastmet.從我們上次見面以來，五年過去了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.25一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。在Herecomes…/Theregoes…等句型里，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.26現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1）表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。例如：Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?和我們一起度周末好嗎?Weareleavingsoon.我們馬上就走。2）漸變動(dòng)詞，如get,run,grow,become,begin以及瞬間動(dòng)詞die等。例如：Heisdying.他要死了。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.27時(shí)態(tài)一致1）如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對(duì)不變的事實(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.那時(shí)，人們不知道地球是動(dòng)的。Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。2）賓語從句中的，助動(dòng)詞ought,need,must,dare的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。例如：HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄11.28時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday等一般過去時(shí)yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般將來時(shí)next…,tomorrow,in+一段時(shí)間,before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等過去完成時(shí)before,by+過去的時(shí)間,until,when,after,once等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while等將來進(jìn)行時(shí)soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)練習(xí)答案11.29時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)練習(xí)1.1.“Idon’tliketotravel.”“Haveyouever_____inanairplane?”a.flyingb.flewc.flowedd.flown2.2.Thecenterofgravityofthehumanbody______behindhisjoint.a.locatedb.locatingc.tolocated.islocated3.3.“Todayisverycold,isn’tit?”“Yes,theriveris_____over.”a.freezedb.freezec.frozend.freezing4.4.“Whathappenedinthatnewarea?”“Newhouses______recentlyoverthere.”a.arebuiltb.buildc.havebuiltd.havebeenbuilt5.5.“Whendidyougotowork?”“Assoonastheycame,we______towork.”a.

a.

wentb.weregoingc.hadgoned.go6.6.“Didyouwaitforhimverylong?”“Yes,I______tobeduntilfiveinthemorning.”a.

a.

didgob.didn’tgoc.hadgoned.went7.7.Perhapsitwillbealongtime______fromabroad.a.whenTomcomesbackb.whenTomwillcomebackc.c.beforeTomcomesbackd.thatTomcomesback8.8.Tom______mathematicsthroughouthiscollegelife.a.boredb.boredwithc.wasboredd.wasboredwith9.9.______thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation?a.Wereyouwearingb.Haveyouwornc.Didyouweard.doyouwear10.10.MrWu______sd.istraveling11.11.Don’tdisturbhim.He______totheweatherforecast.a.listensb.isbeinglistenedc.haslistenedd.islistening12.12.MyEnglishteacher______mytest.a.

a.

hasnotyetgradedb.hasnotyetbeengradedc.isnotyettobegradedd.isnotyetgraded13.13.We______onitformanyhours,butwehavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.a.arebeingworkedb.areworkingc.havebeenworkingd.havebeenworked14.14.Shanghai______ontheHuangpuRiver.a.standb.standsc.isbeingstandd.hasstood15.15.“Tellthestudentstostopshouting.We______ouressaysnow.”a.writeb.havebeenwritingc.arewritingd.havewritten16.16.“______yourbest?It’snotsatisfactory.I’mafraidyouwillhavetodoitagain.”a.

a.

Doyoutryb.Haveyoutriedc.Areyoutryingd.Haveyoubeentrying17.17.Chinesemarriedcouple_____redpacketstochildrenandtheunmarriedduringtheChinesenewYear.a.giveb.havebeengivingc.aregivingd.havegiven18.18.Myuncle,Sam,______managerofthefirm.a.hasjustmadeb.isjustbeingmadec.hasjustbeenmaded.isjustmade19.19.Thisisthefirsttimethestudents______toHydePark.a.havegoneb.havebeengonec.havebeengoingd.arebeinggone20.20.She______hermother’sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital.a.isdoingb.hasbeendoingc.hasdoned.hasbeendone21.21.I______theincidentasifitwereyesterday.a.amstilltorememberb.havestillbeenrememberingc.ambeingstillrememberedd.stillremember22.22.I______swimmingintheriverandIalways_____toswimwhenIcan.a.

a.

amliking/havegoneb.ambeingliked/amgoingc.like/god.haveliked/havebeengoing23.23.Wehavesometimesaccidentsonthisline,butnoaccidents______sincelastwinter.a.occurb.haveoccurredc.havebeenoccurringd.areoccurring24.24.He_____onthisessayfortwentyminutesbuthe_____onlyahundredwords.a.

a.

hasbeenworking/haswrittenb.isworking/writesb.

b.

hasworked/hasbeenwritingd.works/iswriting25.25.Elections_______everyfouryearsandCongressmeetsonceayear.a.aretakenplaceb.aretobetakenplacec.tookplaced.takeplace26.26.______careless,oryouwillmakemistakes.a.a.Benotb.Notbec.Don’td.Don’tbe27.27.TheNo.8bus______toChengducollegeofGeology,andnottoSichuanUniversity.a.

a.

aregoneb.isbeinggonec.goesd.aregoing28.28.Oil,exportedfromIrantoEurope,_____bytankers.a.usedtobetransported/havebeenbuiltupb.usedtobeingtransported/havebuiltupc.wasusedtobetransported/hadbeenbuiltupd.wasusedtobeingtransported/willbebuiltup29.29.Ifit______,thematchwillbepostponed.a.

a.

hasbeenrainedb.doesrainc.rainsd.israined30.30.AssoonasI______thetools,Ishallbeginwiththework.a.

a.

haveb.amhavingc.havebeenhavingd.havebeenhad31.31.Onceyou______theknackofit,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.a.shallhaveb.hadhadc.arehavingd.have32.32.Everytimehe______me,heisrudetome.a.willseeb.seesc.isseeingd.isseen33.33.JohntoldMarythathe______whathewasdoingduringthevacation.a.wasjustaskedb.wasjustaskingc.hadjustbeenaskedd.hadjustasked34.34.Nowthatyou_______,whatareyougoingtodo?a.arebingreturnedb.havebeenreturningc.havebeenreturnedd.havereturned35.35.Istartedmyteachingcareerattheschool.Thatwasmorethantwentyyearsago,andI______thereeversince.a.wasb.hadbeenc.willbed.havebeen36.36.Everythingontheearth______allthetime.a.ischangingb.ischangedc.haschangedd.hasbeenchanged37.37.We______fineweatherforthepastfewdays.a.haveb.arehavingc.havebeenhadd.havebeenhaving38.38.It______everydaysofarthismonth.a.israiningb.rainsc.hasrainedd.hasbeenrained39.39.noonecanprovethattheearth______notround.a.isbeingb.istobec.isd.hasbeen40.40.“Thereshe______!Weneedn’twaitanylonger.”a.

a.

comesb.hasbeencomec.hasbeencomingd.istocome41.41.Thelittlegirl______bythedrug-pushertocarrydrugsintothecountry.a.

a.

wasmadeuseb.wasmadeusedc.wasmadeuseofd.wasmadeusedof42.42.Ishalltellyouwhathe______atthreeo’clockyesterdayafternoon.a.

a.

haddoneb.woulddoc.wasdoingd.hadbeendone43.43.Bytheendoflastyearthey______1,000machines.a.turnedoutb.hadturnedoutc.wouldturnoutd.hadbeenturnedout44.44.Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearshe______seventy.a.wouldbeb.wasc.hadbeend.wasbeing45.45.Howlongago______playingfootball?a.hadyoustoppedb.wouldyoustopc.didyoustopd.wereyoustopping46.46.Uptillthenwe______halfthedistance.a.hadonlycoveredb.coveredc.wouldonlycoverd.wouldbeonlycovered47.47.WhileI______television,thedoorbell______.a.

a.

watched/wouldringb.wouldwatch/hadrungb.

b.

waswatching/rangd.hadbeenwatched/wasringing48.48.They______withusforthetimebeing.a.would