高中英語非謂語動詞知識歸納總結(jié)（講義）·最新一、非謂語動詞分類1、不定式(infinitive)Everyonewantstosucceed.2、分詞(participle)Ifeltinspiredbythisinspiringspeech.3、動名詞(gerund)Seeingisbelieving.二、語法功能之作主語（一）、可作主語的非謂語動詞是不定式和動名詞。例1Toactlikethatisfoolish.例2Walkingisgoodexercise.例3Whywereyousolateforworktoday?Drivingtotheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.（二）、下列句型用動名詞作主語：Itisnogood(use)arguingwithyou.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.語法功能之作表語（一）、可作表語的非謂語動詞是不定式、動名詞和分詞。Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.（不定式解釋主語內(nèi)容）Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.（動名詞解釋主語內(nèi)容）Hisspeechisinspiring.（分詞說明主語性質(zhì)）Thepersonwasmovedbythestory.（二）、動名詞和不定式作表語時，一般也無嚴格區(qū)別，但在表語是不定式的句子中，若主語也用非謂語形式，這時要用不定式；同樣表語是動名詞時，則主語要用動名詞。Toseeistobelieve.Readingislearning,butapplying（運用）isalsolearningandmoreimportantkindoflearning.語法功能之作賓語1、不定式作賓語：下列動詞必須用動詞不定式作賓語。agree,decide,hope,manage,offer,demand，wouldlike(love)2、動名詞作賓語1）下列動詞必須帶動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語：understand，appreciate，keep（on），practice，finish，imagine，miss，avoid，escape，suggest，resist，enjoy，delay，excuse，mindIcan’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.Inarrowlymissedbeingkilledinthecaraccident.2）有的詞既可帶動名詞，亦可帶不定式，且用法不盡相同。如：allowdoingallowsb.todo;advisedoing,advisesb.todo.encourageWedonotallowsmoking(talking)inthereadingroom.Wedonotallowyoutosmoke.3）下列短語必須帶動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。beworth,payattentionto,objectto,can’thelp,devoteoneselfto,putoff,be(get)usedto,how/whatabout,feellike,lookforwardto.4)下列動詞可以用不定式作賓語，也可以用動名詞作賓語，但有明顯的語意差別。rememberdoingforgetdoingregretdoingmeandoingremembertodoforgettodoregrettodomeantodotrydoingtrytodo語法功能之作狀語（一）、分詞用作狀語：表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨1.Notunderstandingitsmeaning,heaskedtheteachertoexplaintheword.(原因)2.Havingmadeadecision,theyimmediatelysetouttowork.(時間)3.WorkinghardonEnglish,youmustspeakverywell.(條件)4.Theboysatinthedarkroom,frightenedandtrembling.（伴隨）（二）、不定式作狀語：常表示表示目的和結(jié)果1)目的Hegotupearlynottomissthefirstbus.2)結(jié)果too…to,so…asto,such…asto,enoughto.Sheistooyoungtodressherself.Willyoubesokindastoturndowntheradio?Hehurriedhome(only)tofindhismotherwasdyingfast.語法功能之作賓語補足語1.make+O+C(do/done)S+bemade(todo/done)Thosewhowon’tworkshouldbemadetowork.Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.2.keep(leave)+O+C(doing/done)使處于某種狀態(tài)。S+bekept(left)(doing/done)Nowstudentsarekeptburyingthemselvesinbooksallday.Hisworkwasleftundone.3.find+O+C(doing/done)S+be+found(doing/done)4.catchsb.doing;becaughtdoing（偶然或突然）撞見、發(fā)現(xiàn)Icaughtathiefstealingonmywayhome.Theywerecaughttryingtocornerthericemarket.5.have+O+C(do/doing/done)Shewillhaveyoudoingallthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.Paulhadhishandburnedseriouslywhilecookingdinner.6.get+O+C(todo/doing/done)Itisuptoyoutogetthemmovingatonce.Canyougettheclockgoingagain?7.with+O+C(doing/done/todo)Helayonthegrasslandwithhisjacketcoveringhisstomach,Withmuchworktodo,Ihavetogiveupthistrip.8.感官動詞hear,listento,see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,feel，hear+O+C(do/doing/done)Hehasneverheardhersingsowellbefore.Ididn’tnoticeyoucarryingapackwhenyoucamein.Neverbeforehadhefelthimselfsopowerfullyattracted（吸收）tothescientificidea.七、語法功能之作定語（一）、不定式作定語1、動作未發(fā)生，被修飾的名詞在邏輯關(guān)系上是不定式動作的賓語。ItseemstomethatIhavenothingtotakehometomychildren.NowIfeelverylonelybecauseIcan’tfindanyonetotalkwith.2、被修飾的詞為抽象名詞，如need,way,reason,right等，不定式解釋其內(nèi)容。Thereisnoneedtoquarrelwithhim.Pleasegiveyourreasontorefusehim.3、修飾的詞前有序數(shù)詞first,second,last等作定語。Heisalwaysthefirst(one)togettoschooleveryday.（二）、分詞作定語1、被修飾名詞與作定語的動詞為主動關(guān)系，該動作正在進行，或與謂語動作同時進行，或是經(jīng)常性行為時，用現(xiàn)在分詞。Thepeoplesittingatthebackmoveforwardplease.(sit正在進行)Iliketoliveinthehousefacingthesouth.(face經(jīng)常性)Doyourememberthefloodhittingourvillagetwoyearsago?2、被修飾名詞與作定語的動詞為被動關(guān)系，用以下三種形式。ThemachineintroducedfromJapanhascomeintouse.ThepatientbeingoperatedonatpresentisfromJiangsu.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.八、非謂語動詞的邏輯主語1、不定式用forsb.作其邏輯主語。Itishardformetogetalongwithhim.在Itis+adj.+todo句型中，若形容詞是表示人的性格特征(kind,good,selfish等)或行為表現(xiàn)(foolish,careless等)的形容詞，用ofsb.作邏輯主語。如：Itiskindofyoutosayso.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.2、動名詞的邏輯主語用名詞或代詞的所有格。若動名詞不在句首?？捎妹~或代詞的賓格。如：Tom’sgoingtherewon’tdoanyharm.Excusemy(me)cominglate.3、作時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語的分詞用名詞或代詞主格作其邏輯主語。如：Thereporthavingbeenread,alivelydiscussionbegan.Itraininghard,thesportsmeethadtobeputoff.九、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（一）、動詞不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)形式主動式被動式一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的進行體、完成體常用在下列句型中：happento(bedoing/havedone)bethoughttobesaidtopretendtobeconsideredtobesupposedtoseemtobebelievedtoHepretendedt