學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE7學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE622銀行計算機(jī)備考題集區(qū)塊鏈作為一塊新型的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，受到了廣泛的關(guān)注和追捧，以下哪一頂并不是區(qū)塊鏈的特征？（ ）匿名性 B.廣泛性C.開放性 D.去中心化管理信息系統(tǒng)的組成包括：信息的采集、信息的傳遞、信息的儲存、（ 信息的維護(hù)和信息的使用六個方面。信息的核查 B.信息的加工C.信息的校驗(yàn) D.信息的管理虹膜識別技術(shù)是人體生物識別技術(shù)的一種，自動虹膜識別系統(tǒng)包括虹膜圖像獲取裝置和虹膜識別算法，分別對應(yīng)（ ）。圖形獲取和特征辨別 B.圖像掃描和形式辨別C.圖形掃描和模糊匹配 D.圖像獲取和模式匹配圖靈測試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是當(dāng)超過（ ）的測試者不能確定被測試者是人還是機(jī)器，那么這臺機(jī)器就通過了測試，并被認(rèn)為具有人類智能。A.40% B.30%C.50% D.60%下列不屬于Google云計算平臺技術(shù)架構(gòu)的是（ ）。并行數(shù)據(jù)處理MapReduce B.分布式鎖ChubbyC.結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)表BigTable D.彈性云計算EC26.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的英文縮寫為（ ）。A.IoT B.NoCC.IoO D.IoC7.下列情況中，破壞了數(shù)據(jù)的完整性的攻擊是（ ）。A.假冒他人地址發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)B.不承認(rèn)做過信息的遞交行為C.數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸中途被修改或篡改D.數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸中途被竊聽8.在公鑰密碼體制中，公開的是（）。A.公鑰和私鑰B.公鑰和算法C.明文和密文D.加密密鑰和解密密鑰保證計算機(jī)信息運(yùn)行的安全是計算機(jī)安全領(lǐng)域中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一，以下（ 不屬于信息運(yùn)行安全技術(shù)的范疇。風(fēng)險分析 B.審計跟蹤技術(shù)C.應(yīng)急技術(shù) D.防火墻技術(shù)，但其本身是（ 虛擬化功能包括虛擬環(huán)境、虛擬系統(tǒng)、虛擬平臺。物理 B.實(shí)體C.虛擬 D.真實(shí)軟件生命周期一般包括軟件開發(fā)期和軟件運(yùn)行期，下述（ 所應(yīng)包含的內(nèi)容。需求分析 B.結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計C.程序編制 D.軟件維護(hù)下列敘述中正確的是（ ）。數(shù)據(jù)庫是一個獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng)，不需要操作系統(tǒng)的支持B.數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計是指設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)C.數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)的根本目標(biāo)是要解決數(shù)據(jù)共享的問題D.數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)據(jù)的物理結(jié)構(gòu)必須與邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)一致13.瀑布模型的關(guān)鍵不足在于（ ）。A.過于簡單 B.不能適應(yīng)需求的動態(tài)變更C.過于靈活 要進(jìn)行評審14.下列關(guān)于個人計算機(jī)硬件構(gòu)成的敘述中，正確的是（ ）。A.CPU可以看作是個人計算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)倉庫主板芯片組可以看作是個人計算機(jī)的大腦主機(jī)箱是個人計算機(jī)各部分硬件相互連接的橋梁個人計算機(jī)的運(yùn)行能力和運(yùn)行效率在很大程度上和機(jī)器的內(nèi)存有關(guān)15.TCP/IP參考模型中，應(yīng)用層協(xié)議常用的有（ ）。A.TELNET，F(xiàn)TP，SMTP和HTTP B.TELNET，F(xiàn)TP，SMTP和TCPD.IP，F(xiàn)TP，DNS和HTTP下列各項(xiàng)中，不能作為IP地址的是（ ）。A.8 B.C.2 D.112.256.23.8從計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要由（ ）組成。無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和有線網(wǎng)絡(luò) B.交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)和分組網(wǎng)絡(luò)C.數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò) D.資源子網(wǎng)和通信子網(wǎng)已知小寫字母“m”的十六進(jìn)制的ASCII碼值是6D，則小寫字母“c”的十六進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)的ASCII碼值是（ ）。A.98 B.62C.99 D.63下列關(guān)于計算機(jī)病毒的敘述中，正確的一條是（ ）。反病毒軟件可以查殺任何種類的病毒B.計算機(jī)病毒是一種被破壞了的程序C.反病毒軟件必須隨著新病毒的出現(xiàn)而升級，提高查殺病毒的功能D.感染過計算機(jī)病毒的計算機(jī)具有對該病毒的免疫性什么是KDD（ ）。數(shù)據(jù)挖掘與知識發(fā)現(xiàn) B.領(lǐng)域知識發(fā)現(xiàn)C.文檔知識發(fā)現(xiàn) D.動態(tài)知識發(fā)現(xiàn)在微機(jī)中運(yùn)行某一程序時，若存儲容量不夠，可采用下列（ ）辦法解決。虛擬內(nèi)存 B.更新CPUC.采用光盤 D.采用高密度軟盤隨機(jī)存儲器中，有一種存儲器需要周期性的補(bǔ)充電荷以保證所存儲的信息正確，它稱為（ ）。靜態(tài)RAM（SRAM） B.動態(tài)RAM（DRAM）C.RAM D.Cache以下IP地址中，屬于A類地址的是（ ）。A.3 B.2C.3 D.2中，數(shù)據(jù)交換形式包含分組交換和電路交換，前者比后者（ ）。實(shí)時性好，線路利用率高 B.實(shí)時性差，線路利用率高C.實(shí)時性好，線路利用率低 差，線路利用率低25.計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可分為三類，它們是（ ）。Intemet、Intranet、Extranet廣播式網(wǎng)絡(luò)、移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)、點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)式網(wǎng)絡(luò)C.X25、ATM、B-ISDND.LAN、MAN、WAN數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率的高低是由（ ）所決定的。A.傳輸每一幀數(shù)據(jù)所占的時間 B.傳輸每一位數(shù)據(jù)所占的時間C.傳輸每一組數(shù)據(jù)所占的時間 一字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)所占的時間27.用高級程序設(shè)計語音編寫的程序（ ）。A.計算機(jī)能直接執(zhí)行B.具有良好的可讀性和可移植性C.執(zhí)行效率高但可讀性差D.依賴于具體機(jī)器，可移植性差28.大數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu)類型不包括（）。A.完全結(jié)構(gòu)化B.非結(jié)構(gòu)化C.半結(jié)構(gòu)化D.結(jié)構(gòu)化下列幾種數(shù)據(jù)挖掘功能中，（ ）被廣泛的用于購物籃分析。關(guān)聯(lián)分析 B.分類和預(yù)測C.聚類分析 D.演變分析云計算體系結(jié)構(gòu)的（ 物理資源層 B.資源池層C.管理中間件層 D.SOA構(gòu)建層區(qū)塊鏈中不包含下列哪個需要遵循的有助于消除安全威脅的關(guān)鍵原則（ ）？A.審計C.數(shù)據(jù)庫安全32.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的核心和基礎(chǔ)仍然是（）。B.核算D.連續(xù)性計劃A.RFIDB.計算機(jī)技術(shù)C.人工智能D.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)我們常提到的“Window裝個VMware裝個Linux虛擬機(jī)”屬于（ ）。系統(tǒng)虛擬化 B.網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬化C.存儲虛擬化 D.內(nèi)存虛擬化以下哪一項(xiàng)不是分類規(guī)則的挖掘方法（ ）？決策樹法 B.貝葉斯法C.遺傳算法 D.K-平均算法計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)總線上傳送的信號有（ ）。地址信號與控制信號 B.數(shù)據(jù)信號、控制信號與地址信號C.控制信號與數(shù)據(jù)信號 號與地址信號36.根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，當(dāng)前計算機(jī)病毒擴(kuò)散最快的途徑是（ ）。A.軟件復(fù)制 B.網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播C.磁盤拷貝 D.運(yùn)行游戲軟件在OSI參考模型中能實(shí)現(xiàn)路由選擇的層是（ ）。傳輸層 B.應(yīng)用層C.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 D.物理層包過濾防火墻對數(shù)據(jù)包的過濾依據(jù)不包括（ ）。A.MAC地址 B.源IP地址C.源端口號 D.目的IP地址某銀行為用戶提供網(wǎng)上服務(wù)，允許用戶通過瀏覽器管理自己的銀行賬戶信息。為保障通信的安全，該Web服務(wù)器可選的協(xié)議是（ ）。A.POP B.SNMPC.HTTP D.HTTPS以下關(guān)于量子計算機(jī)說法錯誤的是（ ）。設(shè)計01的相干疊加態(tài)，即它可以同時存儲0和1C.D.量子計算機(jī)在實(shí)施一次的運(yùn)算中不可以同時對2N個輸入數(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算以下屬于加色法色系的計算機(jī)設(shè)備是（ ）。彩色激光打印機(jī) B.CRT電腦顯示器C.四色彩色印刷機(jī) 墨打印機(jī)42.下列選項(xiàng)中不屬于系統(tǒng)軟件的有（ ）。A.數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng) B.操作系統(tǒng)C.語言處理系統(tǒng) 序43.以下全是圖片文件的后綴名是（ ）。A.bmp、gif、mov B.bmp、jpg、wavC.bmp、jpg、gif dat、wav44.媒體有兩種含義，即表示信息的載體和（ ）。A.表達(dá)信息的實(shí)體 B.存儲信息的實(shí)體C.傳輸信息的實(shí)體 D.顯示信息的實(shí)體下列有關(guān)計算機(jī)的性能指標(biāo)中，影響計算機(jī)運(yùn)行速度的指標(biāo)主要有（ ）。A.主頻、字長、存取周期、內(nèi)存容量B.主頻、字長、內(nèi)存容量、兼容性C.主頻、字長、內(nèi)存容量、外存容量D.主頻、內(nèi)存容量、兼容性、平均無故障工作時間46.微型機(jī)的DOS系統(tǒng)屬于（ ）操作系統(tǒng)。A.單用戶 B.分時C.批處理 D.實(shí)時47.CPU的任務(wù)是什么（）。A.CPU中的指令序列B.執(zhí)行存放在存儲器中的語句C.CPU中的語句D.執(zhí)行存放在存儲器中的指令序列48.SaaS是（ ）的簡稱。A.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施即服務(wù)B.硬件即服務(wù)C.軟件即服務(wù)D.平臺即服務(wù)49.專家系統(tǒng)是一個復(fù)雜的智能軟件，它處理的對象是用符號表示的知識，處理的過程是（ ）的過程。A.思考B.回溯C.推理D.遞歸50.RFID屬于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的哪個層（）。A.感知層B.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層C.業(yè)務(wù)層D.應(yīng)用層個數(shù)據(jù)塊包含了過去一段時間內(nèi)所有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易信息，用于驗(yàn)證信息的真?zhèn)我约爱a(chǎn)生下一個數(shù)據(jù)塊。它具有超越傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一些新特點(diǎn)：開放性、難以篡改、去中心化、匿名性、自治性?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：管理信息系統(tǒng)（ManagementInformationSystem，簡稱MIS）是一個以人為主導(dǎo)，利用計算機(jī)硬件、軟件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信設(shè)備以及其他辦公設(shè)備，進(jìn)行信息的收集、傳輸、加工、儲存、更新、拓展和維護(hù)的系統(tǒng)。它由信息的采集、信息的傳遞、信息的存儲、信息的加工、信息的維護(hù)和信息的使用六個方面組成?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：虹膜識別技術(shù)步驟：第一步使用特定的攝像器材對人的整個眼部進(jìn)行拍攝；第二步對獲取到的虹膜圖像進(jìn)行處理，使其滿足提取虹膜特征的需求；第三步采用特定的算法從虹膜圖像中提取出虹膜識別所需的特征，并對其進(jìn)行編碼；第從而達(dá)到身份識別的目的?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：圖靈測試來源于圖靈寫于1950年的一篇論文《計算機(jī)器與智能》，指測試者與被測試者（一個人和一臺機(jī)器）隔開的情況下，通過一些裝置（如鍵盤）向被測試者隨意提問。進(jìn)行多次測試后，如果有超過30%的測試者不能確定出被測試者是人還是機(jī)器，那么這臺機(jī)器就通過了測試，并被認(rèn)為具有人類智能。但通過圖靈測試的計算機(jī)不一定是真的具有了人工智能?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：Google云計算平臺技術(shù)架構(gòu)包括分布式文件系統(tǒng)GoogleDistributedFileSystem、并行數(shù)據(jù)處理MapReduce、分布式鎖Chubby和結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)表BigTableEC2是屬于亞馬遜的云計算服務(wù)平臺?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的英文名稱是：“InternetofThings（IoT）”?！敬鸢浮緾。解析：篡改傳輸中的數(shù)據(jù)，破壞了數(shù)據(jù)的完整性；假冒他人地址發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸中途被竊聽，破壞了數(shù)據(jù)的保密性?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：公鑰加密算法是計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中經(jīng)常使用的算法，能很好的保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。其中有兩個密鑰，公鑰和算法是公開的，私鑰用戶自己保存。【答案】B。解析：風(fēng)險分析、應(yīng)急技術(shù)、防火墻技術(shù)都屬于信息運(yùn)行安全技術(shù)義是非期望事件（威脅）的發(fā)生概率，而利用漏洞引發(fā)不希望的結(jié)果就是非期望事件。防火墻是一種訪問控制技術(shù)。【答案】C。解析：虛擬化資源指一些可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一定操作具有一定功能，但其本身是虛擬的資源，如計算池，存儲池和網(wǎng)絡(luò)池、數(shù)據(jù)庫資源等，通過軟件技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的虛擬化功能包括虛擬環(huán)境、虛擬系統(tǒng)、虛擬平臺?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：軟件維護(hù)屬于軟件運(yùn)行期包含的內(nèi)容?！敬鸢浮緾。解析：A項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)庫同樣需要操作系統(tǒng)的支持；B項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計是指建立數(shù)據(jù)庫；D項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)中物理結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不一定一致。【答案】B。解析：瀑布模型每一個階段都要依賴于前一個階段，每個階段之間緊緊相扣，需求分析如果更改，會讓后面的設(shè)計、編碼等都會產(chǎn)生變動，所以不能適應(yīng)需求的動態(tài)變更?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：CPU可以看作是計算機(jī)的大腦；存儲器可以看作是計算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)倉庫；主板可以看做是各部分互連的橋梁；個人計算機(jī)的運(yùn)行能力和運(yùn)行效率在D選項(xiàng)。【答案】A。解析：TCP傳輸控制協(xié)議在傳輸層。IP網(wǎng)際協(xié)議在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，排除A選項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：IP地址的每一個字節(jié)大小在0-255之間?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)按照結(jié)構(gòu)來看分為資源子網(wǎng)和通信子網(wǎng)。【答案】D。解析：小寫英文字母的ASCII碼值是連續(xù)的且按字母表遞增的，ASC（m）=（6D）16ASC（c）=（63）16D。學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE10報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE9【答案】C。解析：反病毒軟件查殺的是它搜集到的病毒庫中的病毒，并不能識別查殺所有的病毒，只有時刻升級擴(kuò)充自己的病毒庫，才能提高查殺病毒的功能。計算機(jī)對同一種病毒并沒有免疫性。【答案】A。解析：知識發(fā)現(xiàn)（KDD：KnowledgeDiscoveryinDatabase）是從數(shù)據(jù)集中識別出有效的、新穎的、潛在有用的以及最終可理解的模式的非平凡過程。知識發(fā)現(xiàn)將信息變?yōu)橹R，從數(shù)據(jù)礦山中找到蘊(yùn)藏的知識金塊，將為知識創(chuàng)新和知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：可采用虛擬內(nèi)存解決存儲容量不夠的問題?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：在隨機(jī)存儲器中需要一個額外刷新電路進(jìn)行刷新的是動態(tài)RAM（DRAM）?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：A類地址的第一個部分范圍是1～126，符合的只有A選項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：數(shù)據(jù)交換形式包含分組交換和電路交換，分組交換線路利用率高，實(shí)時性較電路交換差。2.D（AN、城域網(wǎng)（MAN）、廣域網(wǎng)（WAN）?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率指數(shù)據(jù)率或比特率，是單位時間內(nèi)傳輸?shù)拇a元的數(shù)目。和可移植性?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：大數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)類型包括結(jié)構(gòu)化、半結(jié)構(gòu)化和非結(jié)構(gòu)化?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：關(guān)聯(lián)分析是從大量數(shù)據(jù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)集之間有趣的關(guān)聯(lián)和相關(guān)聯(lián)系。關(guān)聯(lián)分析的一個典型例子是購物籃分析。【答案】C。解析：資源管理、任務(wù)管理用戶管理和安全管理等工作有管理中間件層負(fù)責(zé)?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：需要遵循的原則有：審計、保護(hù)應(yīng)用程序、確保測試和類似的方法、數(shù)據(jù)庫安全、連續(xù)性計劃、數(shù)字勞動力培訓(xùn)?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的核心和基礎(chǔ)是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。【答案】A。解析：系統(tǒng)虛擬化的核心思想是使用虛擬化軟件在一臺物理機(jī)上虛擬出一臺或多臺虛擬機(jī)。虛擬機(jī)是指使用系統(tǒng)虛擬化技術(shù)，運(yùn)行在一個隔離環(huán)境中、具有完整硬件功能的邏輯計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，包括客戶操作系統(tǒng)和其中的應(yīng)用程序。常提到的“WindowVMwareLinux虛擬機(jī)”屬于系統(tǒng)虛擬化?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：分類規(guī)則的挖掘方法通常有：決策樹法、貝葉斯法、人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法、粗糙集法和遺傳算法。K-平均算法是聚類挖掘方法?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)總線包括數(shù)據(jù)總線、控制總線和地址總線，故傳送的信號有數(shù)據(jù)信號、控制信號與地址信號。【答案】B。解析：計算機(jī)病毒擴(kuò)散最快的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播，需要提前安裝使用殺毒軟件來做好防范?！敬鸢浮緾。解析：網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的主要功能是路由選擇。【答案】A。解析：包過濾防火墻對數(shù)據(jù)包的過濾依據(jù)包括源IP地址、源端口IP地址和目標(biāo)端口號。SNMP是簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議，用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理；HTTP是超文本傳輸協(xié)議，眾多Web服務(wù)器都使用HTTP，但是該協(xié)議不是安全的協(xié)議。HTTPS是安全的超文本傳輸協(xié)議?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：一個N個物理比特的存儲器，若它是經(jīng)典存儲器，則它只能存儲2N個可能數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)中的任一個，若它是量子存儲器，則它可以同時存儲2NN的增加，其存儲信息的能力將指數(shù)上升?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：使用染料則為減色法，使用色光則為加色法。甚至有人更將其簡化為使用黃品青色系的為減色法，使用紅綠藍(lán)色系的為加色法。因此印照片、四色彩色印刷、噴墨打印機(jī)都是減色法色系；而彩色電視、電腦顯示器則為加色法色系。【答案】D。解析：A，B，C都屬于系統(tǒng)軟件。D選項(xiàng)中的用戶應(yīng)用程序?qū)儆趹?yīng)用軟件?！敬鸢浮緾。解析：屬于圖片格式的只有C選項(xiàng)，mov是視頻格式，wav屬于音頻格式。.dat并不是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件。許多文件都使用這個擴(kuò)展名，但文件含義不同。而許多數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件也用這個擴(kuò)展名保存數(shù)據(jù)。所以這要看具體的軟件情況來定。計算機(jī)中的dat文件有兩種主要格式，一是純文本文件，類似于TXT文件，另一種是多媒體影像文件?！敬鸢浮緽。解析：媒體有兩種含義，一是指存儲信息的實(shí)體，如磁盤、光盤、等?！敬鸢浮緼。解析：字長：CPU一次性能處理的二進(jìn)制位數(shù)，主頻和字長越長，CPU處理信息的效率越快。內(nèi)存容量：是用來存儲CPU運(yùn)行相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的。存取周期和存取時間是內(nèi)存的速度指標(biāo)。【答案】A。解析：DOS操作系統(tǒng)屬于微機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)中的單用戶單任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)?！敬鸢浮緿。解析：中央處理器是一塊超大規(guī)模的集成電路，是一臺計算機(jī)的運(yùn)算核心和控制核心。它的功能主要是解釋計算機(jī)指令以及處理計算機(jī)軟件中的數(shù)據(jù)。aaSaaSIaaSaaS是ofware-as-a-sericeOffice365等，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就直接能使用這個軟件應(yīng)用。【答案】C。解析：專家系統(tǒng)中有推理機(jī)模塊負(fù)責(zé)從已有知識推理出新的結(jié)論。【答案】A。解析：射頻識別技術(shù)（RFID）用于識別電子標(biāo)簽，屬于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的感知層。學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE5學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE450題Passage1Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehumaningenuity(創(chuàng)造力)strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade’sendthosewords,toohadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated共鳴)withoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(講求實(shí)用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone-thousandthofasingleyear’sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat .imaginationisthemotherofinventioningenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwritersittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreamsdreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefictionHowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy’sspaceexplorationplan?ItsymbolizedtheAmericanspirit.Itwasasurgentasracialequality.Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’saimtoexplorespace?Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspaceprograms?Critical. B.Reserved.C.Unbiased. D.Supportive.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacinghumanbeings?Theyposeaseriouschallengetofuturehumanexistence.Theycanbesolvedsoonerorlaterwithhumaningenuity.Theirsolutionsneedjointeffortsofthepublicandprivatesectors.Theycanonlybesolvedbypeoplewithoptimismandambition.Passage2Nomatterhowcarefullyyoupickthemembersonyourteam,youmaystillendupwithanegativeemployee.Theseworkersdon’tnecessarilyfallintothecategoryof“toxic,”butthey’rejustkindofadragwiththeircynical,pessimisticworldview.Ifyou’redealingwithanegativeemployee,hereare3stepstotake.FINDOUTWHYIfyoudecidetoproceedinaddressingthebehavior,thinkaboutwhethertherehavebeenbehaviorchangesrecently.Isthenegativityaconstantorhasthebehaviorescalated?Ifthelatter,wasthereaneventthatleduptothechange?Individualsintheworkplacelivemulti-dimensionallives,andothernon-workplacestressorsmayimpactworkproductivityandmood.InanApril2016reportintheJournalofManagerialPsychology,ateamofTorontoresearchersfoundthatemployeeswhoarecynicaloftheirworkplacemayfeelmorepositiveiftheirmanagersaresupportive.DISCUSSGOALSWhendiscussingthesituationwithyournegativeemployee,itisrecommendedtoframethediscussioninthecontextoftheindividual’sgoals.“Tonepolicing”whereyousimplypointoutpessimisticcommentarywithoutaddressingtherootcause,rarelyworksandmayjustcausemoreresentment.Gettotherootoftheissueandfindoutiftheemployeeneedsadditionaltraining,perhapsinmanagementorcommunicationskills,toovercomeadeficit.ADDRESSISSUESAdirectsolutions-orientedconversationwiththeemployeecanuncoverproblemsorcircumstancesdrivingthebehavior.Ifthereareworkplaceissuethatcanbesolved,considerdoingsoifitmakessense.Iftherearepersonalissuesthathavecausedanescalationinnegativebehavior,examinewhetheraccommodationscanbemadetohelpthepersonwhilethey’regoingthroughsuchchallenges.Someemployeesdon’thavegreatinterpersonalskillsandputtingtheminjobswheretheyaremorefocusedonjob-relatedtasksthanoninteractionswithotherscanbeaneffectivesolution,too.Thisarticleismostlikelytakenfrom .ThreeWaystoBuildanEffectiveTeamSeveralTipsforManagingaTeamHowtobeaPositiveEmployeeIsitImportanttoSustainaSuccessfulWorkplaceEnvironmentAccordingtoparagraphtwo,whatcanresultintheescalatednegativebehaviorofanemployee?Lowincome.Unsatisfactionattheofficeenvironment.Familystress.Aheavyworkload.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat .Ifyourmanagerissupportive,youmightfeelmorepositive.PromotionsmeansagreatdealtotheemployeesNegativeemployeesaredevastatingtothecompanyRaisingsalarieswillmakeemployeesfeelpositiveAccordingtoparagraphthree,whatdoesthephrase“tonepolicing”mean?Beingveryinquisitivejustlikeapoliceman.Focusingonthenegativeemotionbehindamessageratherthantherealproblem.Speakingdirectlyaboutone’sshortcomingwithoutconsideringone’sfeelings.Hittingthenailontheheadintheconversation.Accordingtoparagraphfour,whatisNOTasolutiontothenegativity?Helpsolvetheworkplacedisputesforthenegativeemployee.Supportthenegativeemployeetogothroughchallengesoutsidetheoffice.Putthenegativeemployeeinasuitableworkingposition.Havethenegativeemployee’scolleaguestoavoidargumentswithhim/her.Passage3Yourfaceisthefutureofsmartphonesecurity.ApplemadethatclearlastweekwhenitunveiledthepriceyiPhoneX.Appleclaimstohaveconqueredmanyofthechallengesthathavepreventedthewidespreaduseoffacialbiometrics.Butanumberofcomputer-visionresearcherssaytheyareskepticalthatasmartphone-basedsystemlikeFaceIDcanaccountforthingslikevariablelightingconditionsorsubtlechangesinaperson’sappearancetocreateasecure-yet-practicalwaytounlockaphoneadozenormoretimesaday.Apple’snewtechnologydoessoundpromising.ThecompanysaysFaceIDcreatesa“precisedepthmap”ofone’svisagebyprojectingmorethan30,000infrareddotsagainstaperson’sface,thenusingthephone’sinfraredTrueDepthcameraandhigh-powermicrochiptocollectandanalyzetheresults.Usersarealsoaskedtoturntheirheadastheyscansothephone’smachine-learningalgorithmcanmeasurethefacefromseveralanglesandcreateamoredetailed3-Dmapoftheirfeatures.Oncethemapiscreatedandstored,theiPhoneXusesinfraredlighttohelpFaceIDscanaperson’sfaceeveninthedark.Meanwhile,machine-learningalgorithmsrunningonthephonekeeptrackofchangesinaperson’sappearance—includingglasses,facialhairandhats—sothesmartphone’saccuracyimprovesovertime.Despiteadvancesinfacialrecognitioninrecentyears,itremainsunclearwhetherFaceIDwillworkinavarietyofconditionswhilealsokeepingtheiPhoneXsecure.Hackers,forexample,quicklyfoundawaytobypasstheSamsungGalaxyS8’sfacial-recognitionscannerwhenitwasintroducedinMarch:Theytrickedthedevicebysimplyshowingitaphotooftheuser.FaceID’suseof3-Dfacialmapscouldaddressthatproblem.Buthistoricallyithasbeenabigchallengeforsuchasystemtorecognizefacesunderdifferentlightingconditionsandfromavarietyofangles.AppleshowedoffFaceIDlastweekunderrelativelycontrolledconditions,saysArunRoss,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringatMichiganStateUniversity.“Clearlythedemowasveryinteresting,”hesays.“Butatthesametimesomeextraordinaryclaimsweremade.”Apple’sSchillersaid,forexample,thatthechancearandomperson’sfacecouldunlocksomeoneelse’siPhoneXwasoneinamillion—muchmoresecurethan學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用請勿外泄學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE學(xué)員專用資料報名專線：PAGE14報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE報名專線：學(xué)員專用資料PAGE15TouchID.Rosssays,however,thatitisnotclearhowoftenFaceIDfailstorecognizeitsowner.Whencontacted,AppledeclinedtoelaborateonSchiller’scomments.“Likeallbiometrics,FaceIDwillhaveaproblemwithrevocation,”saysVitalyShmatikov,acomputerscienceprofessoratCornellTech.“Ifapasswordiscompromised,itcanbechanged—butafacecannotbechanged.”AppletoutsitsabilitytosecuredataonitsiPhones,whichdonotsharebiometricinformationwiththecompany’sservers.Still,Rosssays,hackersalwaysseemtofindawayaroundeventhetightestsecurity.Whatiscomputer-visionresearchers’mainconcernofiPhoneX’sFaceID?TheyhaveconcernsofthesecurityandconvenienceofFaceID.Theydon’tbelieveiPhoneX’sFaceIDcansuccessfullyunlockaphoneeverytime.Theyhavedoubtsofitstechniquetoovercomevariablelightingandsubtlechangeoftheuser’sface.Theyaremainlyworriedaboutthesmartphone’saccuracy.WhatdoesArunRossmeanby“relativelycontrolledcondition”?TostartanexplanationofFaceID’susingcondition.TomentionthatAppleInc.showstheirnewproductunderawelldesignedenvironment.ToimplythatFaceIDhasitslimits.Toaddacontextexplanationoftheinterestingdemo.WhydoestheauthormentionVitalyShmatikovsaying“afacecannotbechanged”?Toinferthataperson’sfaceishighlyunlikelytochangetoanothershape.ToillustratethattheimagestoredinthephonecannotbechangedifFaceIDiscompromised.ToexplaintherevocationdifficultyofFaceID.ToenhancethedatasecurityofiPhonesinceitdoesnotsharebiometricinformationwithservers.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardApple’stouchIDtechnologyoniPhoneX?Promising. B.Skeptical.C.Supportive. D.Neutral.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutiPhoneX’sFaceIDisfalseaccordingtothisarticle?ItisawholenewtechniqueAppleInc.AppliedoniPhoneX.Ithasstartedarevolutionincomputer-visionindustry.Ithasaproblemofrevocation.Ithasembeddedsecuritymechanismstosecurethedataonthephone.Passage4Familycaregiversofseniorsshouldbecognizantofstressasitrelatestotheirlovedones.Knowingthesignsanddetectingthemearlyoncanhelpseniorslearntorecognizestressfactorsandtotakestepstoalleviatetheeffectsstresscancause.Activitiessuchasyoga,walkingandotherphysicalexercisesdesignedforseniorsaregreattensionrelievers.Manyseniorsenjoythebenefitsoftaichiclassesgearedtotheirphysicalabilities.TheMayoClinicsupportsthisgentleformofmartialartsasawaytorelievestressandhelpotherhealth-relatedconditions.Someseniorsareunabletoparticipateinphysicalactivities,butthereareotherwaystoreducestress.Eatingahealthy,well-balanceddietandgettingagoodnight’ssleepcankeepstressatbay.Joininganon-physicalgroupactivity,suchasabridgecluborvolunteering,offerssocializationandachancetoclearthemindofdailyresponsibilities.Therearealsolocalagenciesthatcanhelpwithtasksthatmightcauseunduestressforseniors.Respitecareorganizationscanhelpwithhouseworkorgroceryshopping.Religiousorganizationsoftenhavegroupswhocanassistseniorswithyardworkorotherstrenuoustasksaroundthehome.Thefactthatstressisapartoflifedoesnotmeanthatoverwhelmingstressisaburdenseniorshavetoshoulderallalone.Withhelp,seniorscancombatstressanditsnegativeeffects.Spendtimehelpingseniorsdeterminewhatburdenstheyface.Helpthemplanwayssuitedtotheirlifestylesthatarenotonlyfunbutthatcanminimizethepressuresstresscancause.Bydoingso,thequalityoflifeseniorsexperiencecanincrease,furtherpavingthewayforthemtoleadindependentliveswithinthecomfortoftheirownhomes.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasonewaytoreduceseniors’stress?Chattingwiththevolunteersfromreligiousorganizations.Joiningabridgeclubtoclearthemindofdailyresponsibilities.Eatinghealthilyandsleepingwell.Seekinghelpfromsomeorganizationstodohousework.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstress?Stresscanbeavoided. B.Stressonlyhasnegativeeffects.C.Stressistheresultofdailyburden. D.Stressisacomponentoflife.Accordingtothepassage,what’sthebenefitofminimizingthepressurescausedbythesenior’sstress?Thoseseniors’qualityoflifecanbeimproved.Thoseseniorscanliveindependently.Thoseseniorscanfinallystayattheirownhomes.Thoseseniorscanenjoythecomfortofferedbycaregivers.Whyisitnecessaryforfamilycaregiverstogetawareofseniors’stress?Becausethiscanhelpseniorsrecognizewhatproblemstheyarefacing.Becausethisisthefirststepofalleviatingtheeffectscausedbystress.Becausesomefamilycaregiversarethelovedonesofseniors.Becauseseniors’stressisthebiggestobstaclecaregiversshoulddealwith.WhatkindofphysicalactivitiesmayNOThelpseniorsrelievetension?Yoga B.WalkingC.Martialarts D.TaichiPassage5Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.Itdeservesourclosestattention.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.Passage6Fiveyearstotheweekafterthedarkestdaysofthefinancialcrisis,theFederalReservewilltakeitsfirststeptowardunwindingtheeasymoneypoliciesthathelpedsavetheglobaleconomy,aUSATODAYsurveyoftopeconomistspredicts.Morethan60%of44economistssayFedpolicymakerswilldialbacktheir$85billioninmonthlygovernmentbondpurchaseswhentheymeetTuesdayandWednesday.AlmostathirdpickeitherOctoberorDecember.Thepurchaseswereaimedatholdingdownlong-terminterestrates,thusincreasingborrowingandinvestinginordertocreatejobsandlowerunemployment.TheothermajorcomponentoftheFed’spost-crisispolicyhasbeenholdingitskeyinterestrateclosetozerosince2008,whichhaskeptdownshort-termrates.Morethan80%oftheeconomistsinUSATODAY’ssurveypredicttheFedwillraisethatratein2015.SincetheFedbeganbuyinglonger-termTreasurybondsandmortgage-backedsecuritiesayearago,theunemploymentratehasfallento7.3%from7.8%.Theprogramalsohasfueledastockrally,butraisedconcernssuchaseventualhighinflation.“Whentheystarted,theywereworriedthat(economic)growthwasveryweakandtheunemploymentratewasstartingtorise,”saysJPMorganeconomistRobertMellman.Now,hesays,“thejoblessrateisactuallycomingdownfairlyquickly.”FedChairmanBenBernankefirstsaidinMaythattheFedlikelywouldreininthepurchasesthisyearandendthembymid-2014,assumingunemploymentfallsto7%bythen.Hisremarksroiledstocksandpushedupbondyields.MixedeconomicdatarecentlypromptedsomeanalyststosaytheFedwillputofftaperinguntiltheeconomyisonfirmerfooting.Onthebrightside,joblessclaimshavefallenandmeasuresofmanufacturingandservice-sectoractivityroseinAugust.Butemployersaddedadisappointing169,000jobslastmonth,cappingathree-monthslowdowninjobgains.Thejoblessratefellbecauseofasharpdropinthenumberofpeopleworkingorlookingforwork.SeveraleconomistssaythemiddlingdatawillpromptamoremodestreductioninbondpurchasesthantheFedinitiallyintended.Sevenin10oftheeconomistssaytheFedinitiallywillreducetheTreasurypurchasesonly