一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第6講再看賓語(yǔ)從句及初談直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)二.重、難點(diǎn)（一）賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句之一，在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞之后都可帶有賓語(yǔ)從句。某些形容詞（如：sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等）之后也可以帶有賓語(yǔ)從句。.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)陳述句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中只起連接的作用，沒有含義，也不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成份，因而在口語(yǔ)和非正式場(chǎng)合?？梢允÷?，這一點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家區(qū)分一下引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that，這兩種情況是很不相同的，不可混淆。eg.Ithinkthatitisnecessaryforthepeople,shealthtogetridofthepollutionofnoise.我認(rèn)為消除噪音污染對(duì)人們的健康是必要的。Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,herushedtothehospitaltoseehim.他聽說兒子受了重傷，急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。Themotherlikessayingthatshehasagooddaughter.母親喜歡說她有一個(gè)好女兒。Iamsure（that）shewilllikethepresent.我確信她會(huì)喜歡這個(gè)禮物的。Weareglad（that）somanyoldfriendswillcometoourparty.我們很高興這么多老朋友要來參加我們的聚會(huì)。TheheadmastersaidthatwewouldvisitthesciencemuseumthenextSunday.校長(zhǎng)說下周日我們將去參觀科學(xué)博物館。Ourteacherofphysicssuggestedthatwe（should）trytomakesomeelectronictoysourselves.我們的物理老師建議我們自己應(yīng)試著做一些電動(dòng)玩具。注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建議”等的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)用“動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。.由whether，if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們引導(dǎo)的是一般疑問句，在從句中有含義（是否），不充當(dāng)成份，不可以省去。一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但有的情況下只能用whether，不可用if：（1）當(dāng)后接不定式時(shí)，只能用whether，不能用if。（2）用于句首時(shí)不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。（3）后面有ornot時(shí)，只可以用whether，不能用if。當(dāng)然if還有“如果”之意，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而whether則無此功能。eg.Iwanttoknowwhether（if）youcanrepairtherecorderforme.我想知道你能否幫我修錄音機(jī)。Sheaskedwhether（if）therewereanychemist,sshopsinthisstreet.她問這條街上有沒有藥房。.由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Pleasetellmewhocamefirstthismorning.請(qǐng)告訴我今天早晨誰(shuí)第一個(gè)來的。ThereporterwilltalktousaboutwhathesawandheardinJapan.這個(gè)記者要給我們談?wù)勊谌毡镜囊娐?。Thelistenersweremuchinterestedinhowthemanbecameanartist.聽眾對(duì)于他是如何成為藝術(shù)家的事情非常感興趣。PleaseshowmewhichbusIshouldtaketogettothePeople,sPark.請(qǐng)您指點(diǎn)一下，我到人民公園應(yīng)乘哪路公共汽車。Iwanttoknowwhosepenisleftonthetableinthereadingroom.我想知道誰(shuí)的筆落在閱覽室的桌子上了。Doyouknowwherethemuseumis?你知道這個(gè)博物館在哪兒?jiǎn)酨leasetellmewhenEinsteinwontheNobelPrizeforphysics.請(qǐng)告訴我愛因斯坦什么時(shí)候獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)金的。Pleaseexplaintomewhyheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeed.請(qǐng)給我解釋一下，為什么重的物體和輕的物體下落速度是一樣的。.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：把握賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要知道其時(shí)態(tài)是由主句決定的，當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的需要選用任一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句也要用過去的一種時(shí)態(tài)，但此時(shí)要注意：如果從句表示的是客觀真理，則仍使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不可換為過去時(shí)。另外，我們要注意區(qū)分客觀真理與一般性的事實(shí)。如“他昨天告訴我他的哥哥是個(gè)醫(yī)生?！边@句話中的從句表示的就屬于一般性事實(shí)，這時(shí)的從句應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，但在口語(yǔ)或非正式的場(chǎng)合下，也有使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況，正式、規(guī)范的英文還是要變成過去時(shí)，說成Hetoldmethathisbrotherwasadoctoryesterday..注意賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：在引導(dǎo)詞后面的從句都應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序，而不可以是一般疑問句的順序。.另外還要注意由what，where，how…引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的簡(jiǎn)單句形式。如：IamnotsurewhichsweaterIshouldchoose.=Iamnotsurewhichsweatertochoose.（二）初談直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ).概述：說話人在轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時(shí)，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的話在語(yǔ)法上叫做直接引語(yǔ)。如：Johnsaid,“IamgoingtoLondonnextweek.”約翰說：“下周我將要去倫敦?！盨hesaid,“Wehaveenoughtimetofinishthework.”她說：“我們有足夠的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作?！闭f話人用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時(shí)，可以對(duì)原話有所更動(dòng)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。如：JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonthenextweek.約翰說他下周要去倫敦。Shesaidthattheyhadenoughtimetofinishthework.她說他們有足夠的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。.各種句式的變化：（1）陳述句：直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略），從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等要做相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”fHetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.

Shesaid,"I’llgotheretomorrow.”一Shesaidthatshewouldcomeherethenext/followingday.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”一Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,"I’llcomeherethisafternoon.”一Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatafternoon.Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”一Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意：直接引語(yǔ)若是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變）（2）疑問句：①一般疑問句：要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked。沒有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)（me，him或us等）。如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”一Heasked（me）ifIwasinterestinEnglish.②特殊疑問句：仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedme.一Heasked（me）whathecoulddoforme.③祈使句：轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等動(dòng)詞，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersb.（not）todosth.。如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“Makesurethedoorisshut,“shesaidtoherlittleson.一Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.“Don’tsmokeintheroom,“hesaidtome.一Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.【典型例題】[例1]—Ithinkit,sgoingtobeabigproblem.（2002北京春季）—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that答案：選擇C。評(píng)析：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)都是賓語(yǔ)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞問題，根據(jù)題意，需要一個(gè)既能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句又能在賓語(yǔ)從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)的詞。因此C為正確選擇。[例2]Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.（2000上海）A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis答案：D評(píng)析：賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。當(dāng)不清楚所談到的人是男是女時(shí)，要用代詞it,不用she或he。[例3]Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisasterifamirrorwasbroken.（2002上海）A.wassureofstriking B.wassureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruck D.wassuretostrike答案：D評(píng)析：本句意為“過去很多人相信如果鏡子碎了之后災(zāi)難就會(huì)降臨。"用besuretodo的句型，此處的strike為不及物動(dòng)詞。[例4]—Whatdoesshewant?—Idon,tknowwhat.A.doesshewantC.shewantedA.doesshewantC.shewantedB.didshewantD.shewants答案：D評(píng)析：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序，因而排除A、B,而由問句的時(shí)態(tài)及主句的時(shí)態(tài)判斷應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選D。[例5]Idon,tknowifshe.Butifshe,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,comes D.comes,willcome答案：選擇A評(píng)析：if可引導(dǎo)兩種從句，賓語(yǔ)從句（第一個(gè)if）和條件狀語(yǔ)從句（第二個(gè)if），賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)由主句決定，而條件狀語(yǔ)從句符合“主將從現(xiàn)”的要求，故選A?！灸M試題】綜合練習(xí)（一）GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.The,theB.A,aC.The,aD.A,theIIsthisyourbedroom??——No,it,sroom.A.thechildrenB.thechildren,sC.ofthechildrenD.achildrens,ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam（三峽大壩）shouldbehigherthandownstream（下游）.A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmetersHespokeveryfastandverypeopleunderstoodwhathesaid.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afewchildrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer1didyoulikethetriptoHainan??—Itwaswonderful.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.WhatTaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.A.inB.toC.onD.atHewasridingtoschoolhewashitbyacarthismorning.A.whileB.whenC.asD.so1Itakesomephotosinthehall??—No,you.A.Can,needn,tB.Must,mustn,tC.Could,won,tD.May,mustn'tYou'dbettertosendmeanemailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.don,tforgetC.tonotforgetD.notforgetHowabouttothecinemaonSunday?A.goB.togoC.goingD.willgoWhenIwasatcollegeIthreeforeignlanguages,butIallexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke,hadforgotten B.spoke,haveforgottenC.hadspoken,hadforgotten D.hadspoken,haveforgottenThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenOurforeignteacherwillgobackforChristmas.Wewillgoandherattheairporttomorrow.A.sayhellotoB.saysorrytoC.saygoodbyetoD.sayexcusetoMary,sbrotherhadatalkatschoolyesterdayafternoon,?A.hadheB.hadn,theC.didheD.didn,theJennyandherparentsgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.be—Mum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball??—youyourhomeworkyet?A.Do,finishB.Are,finishingC.Did,finishD.Have,finished—Excuseme,tothenearestbookshop,please??—Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayisC.whereisthewayD.whichistheway—Thisdresswaslastyear,sstyle.?—Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversinceThere,ssomeoneatthedoor.Canyougoandseewhois?A.heB.sheC.thatD.itThafstheonlythingcan'tbeforgotteninmylife.A.thatB.whichC.whoD./“NightingalPrize”isfor.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses—I,msorry.ImistookyouforLucy.A.NotatallB.I,msorry,tooC.It,sapleasureD.Thafsallright—JimandIwillgotothepostofficethisafternoon.?—.gotogether?A.SoIdo,Whydon,t B.SodoI,WhataboutC.SoIwill,Howabout D.SowillI,Shallwe綜合練習(xí)（二）Ihopeyou,llhavegoodtimeatparty.A.a,/B.an,theC.a,aD.a,theThemarketisn,tfarfromhere.It,sonlybicycleride.A.halfanhours7B.halfanhour,sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalfIwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamIA.21.B.22.C.23.D.24.IWhichofthetwoEnglishdictionarieswillyoubuy??—I'llbuyofthem,soIcangiveonetomyfriend,Helen.A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.bothItwillbebadforyourhealthtoeatfoodandtakeexercise.A.fewer,moreB.more,lessC.little,muchD.less,moreTwofishermensawintheskywhiletheywerefishingbyalake.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything,Chinawillsendupaspaceshipwithpeopleintospace.A.BeforelongB.SoforC.FromthenonD.LongbeforeThebookwassointerestingthathereaditforthreehoursherealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.beforeIWhere,sBob??—HehasgonetoPariswithhissister.Hebebackintwoweeks.A.hastoB.willC.shouldD.must—Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight??——I'msorryIcan,t.Motherwon,tmetogooutintheevening.A.letB.allowC.offerD.askBettywasheardinherbedroom.A.singB.singsC.singingD.sang—Alice,whydidn,tyoucomeyesterday??—I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didTheChineseCommunistPartyinShanghaiin1921.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.foundedTheyoungmanbrokehisarmintheaccidentandhadtohisjob.A.sendupB.putupC.giveupD.getupMyunclethePartyin1970.Heforover28years.A.joined,hasjoinedtheParty B.joined,hasbeenaPartymemberC.hasjoined,hasbeenintheParty D.hasjoined,isinthePartyTherewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,?A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.won,tthere—What'sontheplate??—Theresomebreadonit.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveThescientistknowstwolanguages.HecanspeakEnglishFrench.A.either,orB.neither,norC.both,andD.so,thatCouldyoutellme?A.whichroomhelives B.whichroomhelivedC.whichroomdidhelivein D.whichroomhelivesinNomatterbusyheis,hewon,tgiveuphishobby.A.whereB.howC.whatD.whoInthestreetImetthescientistgaveusatalklastweek.

A.heB.whichC.whoD.whatA.heB.whichC.whoD.whatYoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books—Wouldyoulikesomemorechicken??—.I’mfull.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thanksC.Yes,IwouldD.No,Iwouldn't24.一Whoissinginginthenextroom??——isMary,ssister.A.ThisB.SheC.HeD.It綜合練習(xí)（三）Ilikeplayingfootballandmysisterlikesplayingpiano.A./,theB./,/C.the,theD.a,theLastnight,therewasafoodaccident.Tenwereill,butnowerelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,lifeThedoctorworkedforaftertwelveo,clock.A.twomorehoursB.twoanotherhourC.moretwohoursD.anothertwohour4.—Whenshallwemeetagainnexttime??—dayisOK.A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.AnyWouldyoupleasesayit?Istillcan,tfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreloudlyD.moreslowly一shallwemeetinthepark??一Whatabouthalfpasteight?A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.WhichEitherBoborPeterwatchingthe17thWorldCupnow.A.isB.areC.amD.beYouwillbeabletogetgoodmarks.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfifyoudosomerevisioneverydaybeforeyoubegintostudyharduntilyoufollowyourteachers,advice——Don,tforgettopostthisletterforme,please.?—No,I.A.don'tB.won'tC.mustn'tD.can'tIprefertooffermoremoneyforabettercomputerlessforthisone.A.topayingB.topayC.nottopayD.ratherthanpayKatespentmostofherfreetimeTVplays.A.watchB.watchedC.towatchD.watchingGreatchangesinmyhometownsinceliberation.A.havebeentakenplace B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace D.weretakenplaceThewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentakenTheythenewspaperwhenIwentintotheirroom.A.werereadingB.arereadingC.havereadD.willreadAgainandagainthedoctorthecryinggirl,butthecouldn,tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedatThereislittlemilkinthebottle,?A.isn,titB.isitC.isn,tthereD.isthere—Doyouknowwheremyteacherlives??—Shelives150KenmingRoad.A.at,in B.at,onC.on,atD.in,at—,howmanybookshaveyouread??—.BecauseI,mbusythesedays.A.Lastyear,Afew B.Sofar,FewC.Twodayslater,SomanyD.Lastweek,Manyafew—Ihearwe,llhaveanewteacherthisterm.?—Really?Doyouknow?A.whatsubjectdoesheteach B.whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteaches D.whatsubjectishegoingtoteachTomwillcometoseeusheisfreetomorrow.A.ifB.untilC.whileD.asThepolicecaughtthe