初中英語語法歸納初中英語語法歸納初中英語語法歸納初中英語語法歸納常性或性的作,常與表示腮度的狀用.狀：every?,sometimes,at?,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客真理,客存在,科學(xué)事.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中.Pridegoesbeforeafall.者必.注意：此用法若是出在從句中,即使主句是去,從句也要用一般在.例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..在刻的狀、能力、性格、個性.Idon’wantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般在,用于操作演示或指明的示范性作,表示言行的瞬作.再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是行的志,表示正內(nèi)行的作的客狀況,因此后句用一般在.一般去的用法1）在確定的去里所生的作或存在的狀.狀有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等.Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在去一段內(nèi),常性或性的作.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到??了""??了"Itistimesb.didsth."已了""早??了"Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你睡了.Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早睡了.would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示’寧愿某人做某事’I’ratherdyoucametomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用去,作探性的、求、建等.Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以你想要一些.比：一般去表示的作或狀都已成去,已不復(fù)存在.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含：她已不在人.)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含：她在活著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含：在住在肯塔基州,有可能指走開)注意：用去表示在,表示宛轉(zhuǎn)氣.1）want,hope,wonder,think,intend等.Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.）情Couldyou3.usedto

could,would.lendmeyourbike?/beusedtousedto+do："去常常"表示去性的作或狀,但現(xiàn)在已不存在.Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(去常常閑步)beusedto+doing：??已感覺,或"于",to是介,后需加名或名.Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(在于閑步)典型例----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.It’69568442s.A.didn’B.tcouldnC’.tdon’D.tcan’t答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時.一般將來時shall用于第一人稱,常被will所代替.will在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭求建議常常用于第二人稱.WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto+不定式,表示將來.a.主語的妄圖,立刻做某事.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.be+不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.beaboutto+不定式,意為立刻做某事.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能夠與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用.5.begoingto/will用于條件句時,begoingto表將來will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you’betterdgetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.6.beto和begoingtobeto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主觀的打算或計劃.Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)I’goingmtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）以下動詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來.這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情.Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行,如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在時間或條件句中.WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I’writelltoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后.Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.用于在完成的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime?that.?構(gòu)中的從句部分,用在完成.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe?that?構(gòu),that從句要用在完成.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’(ever)seen.是我看的最好的影.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’vehardhimsing.是我第一次聽他唱歌.典型例(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后邊所加從句在完成,故B.(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’thesfirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為從前或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時.ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,從句要用完成時.注意：非連續(xù)性動詞的否定形式能夠與表示連續(xù)時間的狀語連用.即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是能夠連續(xù)的.（錯）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對）Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.比較since和forSince用來說明動作初步時間,for用來說明動作連續(xù)時間長度.Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：其實不是有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時.Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作.)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作.)小竅門：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)變,很簡單就能消除非連續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤使.1)(對)Tom

hasstudied

Russian

for

three

years.=Tombegan

tostudy

Russian

three

years

ago,

and

isstill

studyingitnow.2)(錯)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.since的四種用法since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)(如詳盡的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix).Ihavebeenheresince

1989.2)since+一段時間+agoIhavebeenheresince

five

months

ago.since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeen

here.4)It

Itis+一段時間+since從句istwoyearssinceIbecame

apostgraduate

student.被動語態(tài)的幾各種類1）主語句中有一個賓語的被動語態(tài),如：Hesawherintheshopyesterday.Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.主語有兩個賓語的被動語態(tài)LiLeigavemeachemistrybook.IwasgivenachemistrybookbyLiLei.AchemistrybookwasgiventomebyLiLei.）主動句中含賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子的被動語態(tài)若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,該不定式前要加"to".此類動詞為感官動詞：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.若賓語補(bǔ)足語是帶to的不定式,那么被動語態(tài)仍保留to:MothertoldmenottobelateIwastoldnottobelatebymother.5）神情動詞+be+過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài).Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.6）表示"據(jù)"或"相信"的pose,think,understandItissaidthat?據(jù)Itisreportedthat?據(jù)道Itisbelievedthat?大家相信Itishopedthat?大家希望Itiswellknownthat?眾所周知Itisthoughtthat?大家Itissuggestedthat?據(jù)建Itistakengrantedthat?被自然Ithasbeendecidedthat?大家決定Itmustberememberthat?必住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.延與瞬用于完成的區(qū)延表示、；瞬表示行的果,不能夠與表示段的狀用.Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那工作.(表果)I’knownvehimsincethen.我從那起就他了.(表)2)用于till/until從句的差異延用于必定句,表示"做??直到??"瞬用于否定句,表示"到??,才??"Hedidn’cometbackuntilteno’clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來.Hesleptuntilteno’clock.他素來睡到10點(diǎn).典型例1.Youdon’needttodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.第一本后句在的影響,我知道她的模,你不用描述.再次,severaltimes見告屢次生的作,因此用在完成.2.---I’sorrymtokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的作由去開始,持到在,用.不定式作+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒能及看另一.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道的答案.2）+不定式；++不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish?Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜每件西都保持整.Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜你年使每件西都保持整.IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和姆.IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想你和姆.3）+疑+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.演示我怎樣去做.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有么多的音機(jī),我都拿不定想法哪一種.注意:疑不定式在句中作成分,用數(shù).Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸推行.不定式作補(bǔ)語動詞+賓語+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍.b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的.Find的特別用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ),或先加形式賓語,再加形容詞,最后加帶to的動詞不定式.find后也可帶一個從句.此類動詞還有g(shù)et,have.Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題

:The

next

morningshefound

the

man

___in

bed,dead.A.

lying

B.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的后邊,用分或分短,起足作用.在分表達(dá)主,也表達(dá)正內(nèi)行,去分表達(dá)被.to+be的不定式構(gòu),作的.Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover,fancy(想),feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以),understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一.典型例CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth.消除B、D..此句只顯然一個事,不定式后用原形即可.而C在完成,明點(diǎn)一般不用完成,且此也不在的影響,因此不C.tobe+形容Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean?Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人本沒什么意思.4)therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidn’expecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒想到會有那么多人在哪里.注意：有些動詞需用as短語做補(bǔ)語,如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老.Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他看作自己的父親..不定式作主語1）It’easy(forme)todothat.我做這事太簡單了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt’sosnicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真快樂.It’necessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.當(dāng)你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的.It’veryskindofyoutohelpus.他幫助我們,他真好.Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周密的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我真笨拙,竟然相信了他.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不他任何西,得太自私了.注意：1)其他系如,look,appear等也可用于此句型不定式作句子成分,用數(shù)形式.當(dāng)不定式作主的句子中又有一個不定式作表,不能夠用Itis?to?的句型( )Toseeistobelieve.百不如一.( )Itistobelievetosee.4.It’forssb.和It’ofssb.1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn),表示客形式的形容,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It’veryshardforhimtostudytwolanguages.他來學(xué)兩外是很的.2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,道德,表示主感情或度的形容,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right.