設計其其實地上本沒有路，走的人多了，也便成了路 定 定 定 UML類圖關 定 ........................................................................................................................15實 定 ........................................................................................................................19 Proxy模 定 ........................................................................................................................23實 定 ........................................................................................................................29引 定 ........................................................................................................................35 Bridge橋接模 定 ........................................................................................................................40 實 定 ......................................................................................................................45 MVC框 定 解 示 實 項 圖 什么是設計模歷史淵如何陳述模①模式的名稱③④為了實現它 學習模式的意 設計模式學習的建優(yōu)先使用組合，而不是繼承（FavorCompositionOver設計模式的原開閉原定問題由來解決方案依賴倒置原定問題由來ABACA的代碼來達成。這種場景下，類A一般是模塊，負責復雜的業(yè)務邏輯；類B和類C是低層模塊，負責基本的原子操如修改類A，會給程序帶來不必要的風險。解決方案A修改為依賴接口IB和類C各自實現接口IAIC發(fā)生聯系，則會大大降低修改類A代碼示范#include#includeusingnamespaceclass{virtualstringgetContents()=classBook:public{string{}classNewsPaper:public{string{}大選class{ lStroy(IReader{}int{MotherBook*b=newBook;NewsPaper*n=newNewsPaper;cout<<"Motherstart l cout<<"Motherstart l deleteb;deleten;return}里氏替換原定如果對每一個類型為T1的對象o1，都有類型為T2的對象o2，使得以T1定義的所有程序P在所有的對象o1都代換成o2時，程序P的行為沒有發(fā)生變化，那么類型T2是類型T1的子類型。問題由來BA時，除添加新的方法完成新增功能P2外，盡量不要shadow(遮蓋)父類A的方法。解決方案功能。它包含以下2層含義：代碼示范#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceclass{intadd(inta,int{returna+}classB:public{intadd(inta,int{returna-}int{Aa;Bb;return0;}UML類圖關Generalization(泛化泛化關系是一種繼承關系表示一般與特殊的關系它指定了子類如何特化父類的所有特征箭頭指向類圖關系示例代碼 Realization(實現實現關系箭頭指向類圖關系示例代碼圖形draw到圓 Association(關聯關聯關系是一種擁有的關系,它使一個類知道另一個類的屬性和方法，強調的是一種A-A的箭頭及指向類圖關系示例代碼#include#include: {btn=newQPushButton;}{delete}Aggregation(聚合關聯聚合關系聚合是關聯關系的一種特例，他體現的是整體與部分、擁有的關系，即has-a的關箭頭及指向類圖關系示例代碼position(組合關聯組合關系箭頭及指向類圖關系組合與聚合區(qū)分代碼示例#include<vector>usingnamespaceclassclass{class{{w1=newWing;w2=new}{deletew1;delete}Wing*w1;//Wingw1;Wing*w2;//Wingclass{voidadd(Bird*{}vector<Bird*>int{Bird*pb1=newBird;Bird*pb2=new{FlockBirdbb;}deletedeletepb1;deletereturn}Dependency(依賴關聯依賴關系現在代碼層面，為類B作為參數被類A在某個method方法中使用箭頭及指向類圖關系示例代碼#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceclass{{void{cout<<"traveltosome}class{void{cout<<"playmy}{voidtraval(Plane*{}voidentertain(Computer{}int{Computercmp; return}綜合評綜合訓練Singleton單例定義出現于《設計模式》（艾迪生維斯理1994）。③將構造成員，設為private或是protected，這樣只能通過靜態(tài)方類圖關實#include#includeusingnamespacestd;classSingleton{staticSingleton*{if(_insif(_ins==_ins=newSingleton;return_ins;}static{if(_ins!={delete_ins=}}void{cout<<"test}Singleton(constSingleton&){}Singleton&operator=(conststaticSingleton*Singleton*Singleton::_ins=int{Singleton*ps=Singleton::getInstance();return0;}拓展實cocos2d-x是一款優(yōu)秀的游戲引擎，游戲類似于，是一幕幕按劇情發(fā)展的。其Observer定1，讓”希望知道某個事件何時發(fā)生”的對象(Observer)將自己3，為了能讓所有的觀察者型對象實現Observer類圖關應用場景實戰(zhàn)代碼#include<list>#include<algorithm>usingnamespaceclass{virtualvoidupdate(inthour,intmin,intsec)=classclass{virtualvoidregisterObserver(Observer*ob)=0;virtualvoidremoveObserver(Observer*ob)=0;virtualvoidnotify()=0;classPekingTimeSubject:public{voidsetTimer(inthour,intmin,int{_hour=_min=_sec=sec;}voidregisterObserver(Observer*{}voidremoveObserver(Observer{}void{list<Observer*>::iteratoritr=observerList.begin();for(;itr!=observerList.end();itr++){}}int_min;intintclassAmericaTimerObserver:public{voidupdate(inthour,intmin,int{_hour=_min=_sec=sec;}void{cout<<"AmericaTimeisupdate"<<endl;cout<<"H:"<<_hour<<"M:"<<_min<<"S:"<<_sec<<endl;}int_hour;int_min;int_sec;class{voidupdate(inthour,intmin,int{_hour=_min=_sec=sec;}void{ isupdate"<<endl;cout<<"H:"<<_hour<<"M:"<<_min<<"S:"<<_sec<<endl;}int_hour;int_min;intintint{PekingTimeSubject*bj=newrObserver*jp=newAmericaTimerObserver*am=newreturn0;}Proxy模定類圖關6.3.1虛#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;//真正耗費時長的是，loadclass{virtualvoidshow()=0;stringclassLargeImage:public{}void{cout<<"LargeImage}classProxyLargeImage:public{voidshow(){if(pli==pli=newLargeImage(imageName);}LargeImage*{(string{}void{}int{*pd=newreturn0;}實保護#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceclassclass{virtualvoidapplicationDidFinishLauching()=classCCApplication:public{{_sharedInstance=}int{return1;}staticCCApplication*{return}staticCCApplication*CCApplication*CCApplication::_sharedInstance=classAppDeleget:private{void{}int{AppDeleget}智能#include<iostream>#include<memory>using#include<iostream>#include<memory>usingnamespacestd;classA{voiddis(){cout<<"iam}int{auto_ptr<A>ptr(newA);return}#include<iostream>#include<memory>using#include<iostream>#include<memory>usingnamespacestd;classA{voiddis(){cout<<"iam}class{SmartPtr(A_a=}delete}{return}A&operator{return}A*int{SmartPtrptr(newA);return0;}Decorator裝飾模定類圖關引#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceclassclass{virtualvoid{}classFather:public{virtualvoid{}classSon:public{virtualvoid{}int{Grand*pg=newSon;return}應用場景實戰(zhàn)分析#include#includeusingnamespaceclass{virtualfloatcost()={:publicfloat{return}floatclassNoKiaPhone:public{classDecoratePhone:public{floatcost(){return_phone->cost();}Phone*classScreeProctedPhone:public{float{returnDecoratePhone::cost()+}floatclassHeadSetPhone:public{HeadSetPhone(Phone*float{returnDecoratePhone::cost()+}floatint{Phone*ip=new ipip=newip=newPhone*ip2=newScreeProctedPhone(newreturn}Adapter定對象適配器。Adapter模式讓我們在設計時不必再關心現存類接口問題。類圖關樣例(披著羊皮的狼#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceclass{virtualvoidwangwang()=0;virtualvoidrun()=0;classDogAlaskan:public{void{cout<<"wangwang}void{}class{virtualvoidmiaomaio()=0;virtualvoidrun()=0;classCatPersian:public{void{cout<<"miao}}void{}classCatAdapter:public{voidmiaomaio(){}void{}Dogvoidtest(Cat*pc)//{}int{DogAlaskanCatPersianreturn}實戰(zhàn)分析支持前后兩段的與刪除。STL實現棧和隊列時，沒有從頭開始定義它們，而是直接刪除。而棧用到了它的后端，后端刪除。假設棧和隊列都是一種順序容器，有兩種實戰(zhàn)代碼#include<queue>#include<stack>#include<deque>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){stacks;queueq;dequed;return0;}#include#include#include<queue>#include<stack>#includeusingnamespacestd;classMyDeque{voidpush_back(int{cout<<"voidpush_back(intx)}voidpush_front(int{cout<<"voidpush_front(int}int{return0;}int{return0;}class{virtualintpop()=0;virtualvoidpush(intx)=0;classMyStack:public{int{return}voidpush(int{}MyDequeclassMyQueue:public{int{return}voidpush(int{}MyDequeint{MyStackms;MyQueuemq;return}Bridge定類圖關應用場分析實#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classOS{virtualvoidinstallOS()=classWindowOS:public{void{cout<<"按裝windows操作系統(tǒng)}classAppleOS:public{void{cout<<"按裝Apple操作系統(tǒng)}classUnixOS:public{void{cout<<"按裝Unix操作系統(tǒng)}classclass{virtualvoidinstallOS(OS*os)={puter:publicvoidinstallOS(OS{} puter:public{voidinstallOS(OS{} puter:public{voidinstallOS(OS{}int{ *pWindow=newWindowOS; *pUnix=newUnixOS;Computer*pAix=deletepUnix;deletepAix;returnreturn}Factory定FactoryMethod使一類。 類圖關簡單工廠工廠模式簡單工廠#include#includeusingnamespacestd;enumCoreType{class{virtualvoidwork()=classSingleCoreA:public{void{}classSingleCoreB:public{void{}classSingleCoreC:public{void{}class{SingleCore*createSingleCore(enumCoreType{if(type==returnnewSingleCoreA;if(type==COREB)returnnewSingleCoreB;if(type==COREC)returnnew}int{FactorySingleCore*pa=fac.createSingleCore(COREA);SingleCore*pb=fac.createSingleCore(COREB);SingleCore*pc=fac.createSingleCore(COREC);deletepa;deletepb;deletereturn}工廠模式#include<iostream>using#include<iostream>usingnamespaceenum{class{virtualvoidwork()=classSingleCoreA:public{void{}classSingleCoreB:public{void{}classSingleCoreC:public{void{}class{virtualvirtualSingleCore*createSingleCore()=classFactoryCA:public{SingleCore*{returnnew}classFactoryCB:public{SingleCore*{returnnew}class ublic{SingleCore*{returnnew}{Factory*fca=newFactoryCA();Factory*fcb=newFactoryCB();return}MVC定MVC全名是ModelViewController，是模型(model)－視圖(view)－控制器(controller)編寫業(yè)務邏輯。MVC被獨特的發(fā)展起來用于傳統(tǒng)的輸入、處理和輸出功能在一個邏解MVC是一種使用MVC（ModelViewController模型-視圖-控制器）設計創(chuàng)建應用MVC分層同時也簡化了分組開發(fā)。不同的開發(fā)可同時開發(fā)視圖、控制器邏輯和示實項15*10windows中布雷游戲圖11.4.3.M(數據模型Widget::Widget(QWidgetWidget::Widget(QWidget:{QVector<CellData>qvt; for(inti=0;i<_x;{for(intj=0;j<_y;{}}for(inti=0;i<_x+1;{}for(inti=0;i<_y+1;{_startPoint.y()}}11.4.4.V(數據視圖voidvoidWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent*{_painter-_painter-_painter-for(inti=0;i<_x;{for(intj=0;j<_y;{if(_fie