2018學(xué)年奉賢區(qū)調(diào)研測試高三英語試卷（2019.04）□?GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowtoMaketheMostofYourLunchHourShouldyougrababiteatyourdeskoreatwithyourcolleagues?Thatdependsonwhat'sonyouragendafortherestoftheday.Lunchhours___21___（get）shorterandshorterandevendisappearinginsomepartsoftoday'sworkingworld.Withfeweremployees___22___（ask）toaccomplishmoreinaday,manyAmericanstreatlunchnotasabreakbutasjustanothertasktosqueezeintoanalreadyover-bookedday.Butdoquickmealsatthedeskactuallyimproveproductivityovermoreleisurelymeals?Theresearchersonlystudied32employees,sothefindingsaredatable.Butwhentheyassignedonegrouptoeatattheirdesksandanothertodinewithacolleagueatarestaurant,theyfoundthosewhoatelunchtogethershowedadecline___23___theirperformanceonteststhatmeasuredconcentration,memoryandtheabilitytocatcherrorsandreademotionsinfacialexpressionsfollowinglunchthanbeforelunch.Bothgroupsatethesamemeals,butthosewhoatealonewereonlygiven20minutestoconsumetheirfood,___24___thepairedparticipantswereallowedonehourintherestaurant.Thosewhoatealonedidnothaveaslargeadropintheircognitiveprocessingasthosewhoateintherestaurant.Whatwasresponsibleforthechange?Thereweretoomanyvariablesatplaytodeterminewhichhadthestrongestinfluenceoncognitivecontrol—wasitthecompanionship,orwasittherestaurantenvironment___25___otherdinerswerepresent,musicwasplayedandthemealwasservedbywaitstaff,orwasitthelongertimetoenjoythemeal?___26___factorwasresponsible,thegroupthattookarestaurantlunchbreakcamebackmorerelaxed,saytheauthors,andthatlikelyaffectedtheircognitivesharpness.Sharingamealoutsidetheofficewithafriendappearstohavea___27__（_calm）effect,andwhileitreducesintellectualskills,itmaydevelopsocialharmonyandteamwork,which___28___beanimportantfeatureofsomeworktasks.Butdon'tfeelsorryforthelonelunchers.Itturnsout___29___sincetheywereabletomaintaintheircognitiveskillsfollowingthemeal,theymightbeinabetterposition___30___（think）creativelyforprojectsthatrequiremoreinnovativesolutionsorapproaches.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.involvingB.distinguishC.adaptedD.tailoredE.mediumF.gainsG.partiallyH.amazingI.definitelyJ.steerK.implicationsGenesThatMakeYouSmarterThecontributionsgenesmaketointelligenceincreaseaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainsttheideamostpeopleholdthatasweage,environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacy（遺產(chǎn)）wearebornwithandmayhave___31___foreducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquite___32___andgoesintheotherdirection”.Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceare___33___duetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin'steamgathereddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutin4countries,___34___atotalof11000pairsoftwins.Theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,arithmeticetc,tomeasureaquantitycalled“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andLateraltwins（異卵雙生）,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibleto___35___thecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.Plomin'steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent;byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Noone___36___knowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder,theybecomebetterathandingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttodeveloptheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded.”Childrenwith___37___tolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilify遺傳可能性）doesn'tmeanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoabouti”t,saysSusanneJaeggi,“fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhigher___38___aftertraining.”Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeing___39___tochildren'snaturalabilities.“Mytendencywouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearchersPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedto___40___kidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”□?ReadingComprehension?SectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Opendata-sharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldpromotescience,mostare___41___toposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline.Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline-geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository（庫），andastronomersareaccustomedto42imagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects--buttheseremainthe___43___,nottheruleHistorically,scientistshave___44___sharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.Butthe___45___aredisappearinginpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdata___46___.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto“___47___aresearchculturewheredataisviewedasprivatepreserve”.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbesharedonlineinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproducts___48___andenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcite（引用）them.Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthe___49___advantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelybeneficialtoothers.Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improved___50___andincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers--thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften--getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.___51___,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeen___52___5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftrees.“I'dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythe___53___numberofpeopletoasktheirownquestio”nss,hesays.“It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobe___54___.”Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilessootherscanunderstandthem,scientistscanbecomemoreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thusavoiding___55___lateron.41.A.restrictedB.reluctantC.desperateD.generous42.A.accessingB.processingC.analyzingD.identifying43.A.assumptionB.mysteryC.exceptionD.phenomenon44.A.longedforB.appealedtoC.focusedonD.objectedto45.A.symptomsB.barriersC.advantagesD.consequences46.A.controllableB.uniqueC.reliableD.public47.A.shiftawayfromB.endupwithC.giverisetoD.buildup48.A.secretlyB.digitallyC.ethicallyD.fairly49.A.materialB.individualC.moralD.economic50.A.visibilityB.awarenessC.conditionD.confidence51.A.OnthecontraryB.AsaresultC.ForexampleD.Afterall52.A.downloadedB.updatedC.optimizedD.addressed53.A.moderateB.maximumC.averageD.estimated54.A.reversibleB.profitableC.reproducibleD.recognizable55.A.crisisB.confusionC.riskD.conflictSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AItwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn'tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbotherandIlivedwithMominahumblehouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknowatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned--books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou'regoingtowriteareportonwhatyouread.”Wecomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn'thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom'sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I'lldriveyoutothelibrary.”SoprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginhercarontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary,depressedandrestless.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren'sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisvirtuevisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.Itdidn'tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthisquietrefugefrommyotherworld.NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamadoctor.SometimesIstillcan'tbelievemylife'sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.ButIknowwhenthejourneybeganthedayMomswitchedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonewellinschooltheauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolworktheauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschooltheauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwasAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor'smother?Tolerantanddecisive.Aggressiveandopen-minded.Determinedandfarsighted.Persistentandliterate.Theunderlinedword“peevish”inthepassagecanbereplacedby.naughtyB.bad-temperedC.patientD.obedientTheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat___.hecouldconstantlyreviewtheplotsinthebookshecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismindhecouldgetmanyrewardsfromhismotherherealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperienceBNANCYDREWANDTHEHIDDENSTAIRCASE(PG)Age10+Sparklingbookadaptationhasgreatcharacters,somescares.“NancyDrewandtheHiddenStaircase”isbasedonaclassic1930NancyDrewmysterybookandisaimedatteensandyoungteens.Althoughthestoryinvolvesapoliticallymotivatedkidnappingandasupposedlyhauntedhouse,thescariestmomentisduringwhatturnsouttobeadreamsequence.Positivemessagesincludecourageandteamwork,andstrongrolemodels(mostlyfemale)areatthecenteroftheaction.(89minutes)WONDERPARK(PG)Age8+Imaginativebutintenseadventuredealswithworryandfear.“Wonderpark”isananimatedadventureaboutanimaginativegirlnamedJune(voicedbyBriannaDenski)，who'sspentyearsdreamingupamagicalamusementparknamedWonderlandwithhermom(JenniferGarner).Youcanexpectplentyofaction(includingexplosionsandperil)，aswellastheloomingpresenceofworryandsadness,sinceJuneisdealingwiththefactthathermomhasaseriousillness.Thefilmcelebratesimagination,curiosityandperseverance,anditunderlinestheimportanceofnotlettingfearstopyoufrombeingyourselfanddoingwhatyoulove.(93minutes)CAPTIVESTATE(PG-13)Age14+Dark,disconnectedbutsmartalieninvasionmovie.“CaptiveState”isanalien-invasionmoviesetinafutureChicago.Somehumanstrytocooperatewiththeconqueringaliens,whileotherstrytorebel;there'saverycomplexplanattheheartofthestory.Violenceisthebiggestissue:Humansarekilled,bothvaporizedbyaliensandshotbyguns.Thereareexplosions,bloodsplatters,gorysurgeries,grossalieneffects,cyanidepillsandlotsofchaosandstress.Themovieismoreaboutitsownbigideasthancharactersoremotions,butit'ssmartenoughthatitshouldpleasemostteenandadultsci-fifans.JohnGoodmanandVeraFarmigaco-star(.109minutes)FIVEFEETAPART(PG-13)Age13+Strongactingsavespredictable,sentimentallovestory.“FiveFeetApart”isbasedonthebest-sellingYAnovelaboutWill(ColeSprouse)andStella(HaleyLuRichardson),twohospitalized17-year-oldswithcysticfibrosis(囊胞性纖維癥)whofallinlove.Thestorypromotestreasuringthoseclosesttoyouandhasthemesofperseveranceandempathy.(115minutes)Ifyouarehookedonsciencefictions,whichmoviewillyoupreferaccordingtothepassage?WONDERPARKB.NANCYDREWANDTHEHIDDENSTAIRCASEC.FIVEFEETAPARTD.CAPTIVESTATEWhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?It'sappropriatetowatchthefilm“CaptiveState”withayoungersisteraged5.Themovie“WonderPark”canteachyoutobebraveenoughtofacefear.It'sadvisableofyoutowatch“FiveFeetApart”ifyouarefreeforoneandhalfhours.“NancyDrewandtheHiddenStaircase”isadaptedfromabest-sellingnovel.Afterreadingthepassage,wecan.knowaboutthebackgroundofthefilmproductionlearnaboutthepopularityofthesefilmsgainathoroughunderstandingofthefilmshavethebestoptionforthefilmwewantCThecompanythatrevolutionizedthedeliveryofinformationnowaimstodothesamewithelectricity.TechnologypowerhouseGoogletodayannounceditwouldspend"tensofmillions"ofdollarsnextyearinresearchanddevelopmentandinvestmentsinanefforttodrivedownthecostoflarge-scalerenewableenergytomakeitcheaperthancoal.NotonlywillGooglebehiringengineersandenergyexpertsforitsnewinitiative,knownasRE<C(renewableenergyatlesscostthancoal),butitalsowillmakeinvestmentsinnewcompanies—startingwiththosethatfocusonsolar-thermaltechnology,enhancedgeothermal,andhigh-altitudewindpower."Cheaprenewableenergyisnotonlycriticalfortheenvironmentbutalsovitalforeconomicdevelopmentinmanyplaceswherethereislimitedaffordableenergyofanykind,"saidSergeyBrin,Googleco-founderandpresidentoftechnology,inapreparedstatement.Coalsupplies40percentoftheworld'selectricityandmorethanhalfofU.S.power,andifcurrenttrendscontinue,itisexpectedtograbaneverincreasingsharebecauseitisaplentifulandcheapfuelforbigconsumersliketheUnitedStatesandRussia.Butcoalisalsotheworstfuelinitsproductionoftheglobalwarminggascarbondioxide.Googleco-founderLarryPagesaidthecompany'sgoalistoproduceorgigawatt(十億瓦特)ofrenewableenergycapacitythatischeaperthancoalwithin"years,notdecades."Googlesaysthat'senoughelectricitytopoweracitythesizeofSanFrancisco(about330,000households).Google,locatedinMountainView,Calif.,saiditwasinitiallyworkingwithtwootherCaliforniacompanies.They

areeSolar,ofPasadena,whichisspecializinginsolar-thermalpower,usinglargefieldsofmirrorstoconcentratesunlightandgeneratesteamtorunutility-scaleelectricturbines（渦輪），andMakaniofAlameda,whichisdevelopingwindenergytechnologythattakesadvantageofthemuchstrongerandmorereliablecurrentsavailableathighaltitudes.Googledidnotspecifyhowmuchmoneyitwasputtingintoitsprojectswiththesecompaniesbutsaidtheybothhad"promisingscalableenergytechnologies."Thisportionoftheinitiativewillbefundedthroughthecompany'sphilanthropicarm,G,whichisnotatraditionalcharitybutcanmakeequity（股票）investmentsincompanies.BrinandPagehavepledged（抵扌甲）1percentofGoogle'sequityandprofitstowardeffortsincludingclimatechangeandglobalpoverty.TheRE<CprogramisthelatestofaseriesofstepsGooglehastakenonclimatechange.Thecompanysaysitisontrackinitsgoaltobecarbonneutralinthenearfuture.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthecoal?Itisakindofcontroversialfuelgivenitslargequantityanditsharmtotheenvironment.Itisaplentifulandcheapfuelthatwillsurelyearnmoremarketshare.Itwillbetotallyreplacedbytherenewableenergyinyearsbecauseitproducestheworstgas-carbondioxide.ItissupportedbysomeenthusiasticcountrieslikeU.S.andRussiawhichrelyheavilyonthecoalItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.GhasmadesomecrucialdecisionsinexpandingthecompanyGhasfocusedonexploitingalternativestotraditionalenergyGisacharityorganizationcommittedtofundingtheprojectsbenefitingmankindGisanenvironmentalorganizationthatspecializesinpromotinggreenfuelWhatcanNotbelearnedabouttheRe<CProgramme?Itwillcometrueinafewyearswiththeeffortsmade.Itisaprogrammeofenvironmentalprotection.Itisoneofthemeasurestakentoneutralizecarbon.Itwillberealizedthroughinvestmentinsolarandwindenergycompanies.\Thebesttitleofthispassageis___.Google'sRE<CProgrammeGoogle,theEnergyRevolutionaryGoogle,theEnvironmentalProtectorGoogle'sRenewableEnergyProjectSectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thisyear'sCarnivalfestivitieskickedoffonFebruary16andgoonuntilMarch5.Duringthe18daysofCarnival,thecityfillswiththousandsoftouristsfromacrossItalyandaroundtheworlcalPartsofVenicearewellknownforthebeautyoftheirsettings,theirarchitectureandartwork.alTheItaliangovernmentdecidedtobringbackthehistoryandcultureofVenicebyseekingtousethetraditionCarnival.Itdoesn'thavetobetraditional.CarnivalvirtuallydisappearedwhenNapoleon'stroopsbroughtanendtotheVenetianRepublicin1797.VeniceCarnivalTheannualVeniceCarnivalisinfullswing,withthousandsofrevele（rs狂歡者）gatheringthecity'scanalsandsquaresinelaboratecostumesandextraordinarymasks.___67___TheCarnevalediVeneziaisthoughttodatebacktothe1th1century,makingitoneoftheworld'soldest.CarnivalsareheldinmanyCatholiccountries;suchasSpainandBrazil,wheretheyservesalastchancetoeat,drinkandbemerrybeforethedeprivationofLent,the40daysoffasting(齋戒)thatprecedeEaster.ItisthoughtthatthemasksallowedVenetianstohidetheiridentities,allowingthepoortomixwiththewealthy,breakingstrictsocialorder,evenifonlyforabriefandcontrolledperiod.___68___ThethemeofCarnival2019“isTuttacolpadellaLuna,”or“Blamethemoon,”markingahalf-centurysincemanfirstwalkedonthesatellite.Topreventovercrowding,authoritieshaveinstalledturnstilesattheentrancestothehistoricSt.Marks'Square,closingitofftonewvisitorsonce23,000revelershaveentered.Costumedrevelersarealsosearchedastheyenterthesquare.Veniceissituatedacrossagroupof118smallislandsthatareseparatedbycanalsandlinkedbyover400bridges.TheislandsarelocatedintheshallowVenetianLagoon,anenclosedbaythatliesbetweenthemouthsofthePoandthePiaveRivers.___69___ThelagoonandapartofthecityarelistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.AlthoughmostvisitorssticktothetraditionalCarnivalcostumesofbaroquegownsandbejeweledmasksforwomenandblackcapesandthreateningmasksformen,moreandmorepeopleareoptingfortheirownuniqueinterpretations.SomevisitorsuseCarnivalasanopportunitytoshowoffafantasticcreationthey'vealwaysdreamedofwearing.Itdoesn'thavetobeVenetian.___70___AtCarnival,everybodyisfreetobewho—orwhat—theywanttobe.Perhapsadifferentgender—orevenspecies.That'sthejoyofthemask—nobodyknowswhoorwhatthepersonwearingitwasbeforeCarnival.□?SummaryWritingDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Gardeningcanhavemanypositiveeffectsonyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Whetheryou'regrowingfruitandveggies,flowersorsucculents,gettingyourgreenthumboncanhaveasurprisingnumberofhealthbenefitsforyouandyourfamily.Dependingonthesizeofyourgarden,maintainingitcanbeagreatwaytobephysicallyactive.Thiscouldbeastoughasmowingthelawn,orasgentleasgettingagoodstretchandpracticestabilizingyourselfwhilekneeling,sittingorreaching.Infact,gardeningisarecommendedactivityasitcanencouragetheuseofmanymotor