第第頁(yè)/共11頁(yè)學(xué)霸學(xué)習(xí)提醒―、課本是最好的老師。要注重基礎(chǔ)，反復(fù)硏讀課本，凡固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。二、要養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣是高效率掌握知識(shí)的保障。三、要保持良好的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)，自信踏實(shí)，刻苦努力，以飽滿的精神迎接新一天的挑戰(zhàn)。四、課堂上：專心聽講是第一位。事實(shí)證明，自以為是的確是不好的習(xí)慣。同樣的例題，自己看懂與聽老師講懂是完全不同的兩種效果。五、建議同學(xué)們?cè)谡n外多投入些時(shí)間做題，并且要從心里重視數(shù)學(xué)。還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)錯(cuò)題本，老老實(shí)實(shí)地將每次錯(cuò)過(guò)的題抄在上面，并寫上正確的解題思路，變不懂為精通。特別提醒：請(qǐng)學(xué)習(xí)稍差的同學(xué)一定不要放棄，哪怕到最后一學(xué)期，也不能放棄。只要按照老師說(shuō)的去做，只要塌實(shí)地付出了，就一定會(huì)有奇跡出現(xiàn)。永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄拼搏，因?yàn)槠孥E只發(fā)生在相信奇跡存在的人身上□?GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfromofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.IsHothouseEarthAvoidable?Nearly50yearsago,theClubofRome'sreport“LimitstoGrowth”warnedthatifeconomicgrowthcontinuedfastwithoutregardfortheenvironment,theworldcouldfaceecologicalandeconomiccollapseinthetwenty-firstcentury.Yetthatisessentially(21)hashappened.AsnewresearchfortheClubofRomeshowsandthelatestreportfromtheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)statestheworld(22)wellbeheadedtowardsdisaster.Manywrongly(23)(interpret)the“LimitstoGrowth”asanstackonuncontrolledeconomicexpansion.Infact,thereportarguedthat(24)theunlimited-growthpathwaywaschosen,itwouldrequirecomplementarypolicies(includingfunding)(25)(preserve)theplanet'slimitedlife-supportsystems.Thisargument(26)(ignore).Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth,withoutregardfortheenvironmentalconsequences.Thishasenabledustomakeenormousprogressinreducingpoverty,increasinglongevity,andincreasingwealth.(27)ithascomeatahighcosttotheformationofthesocietyandtherestorationoftheplanet.Asscientistshaveconclusivelyshown,inthelastdecade,wehaveenteredanewgeologicalear,theAnthropocene,inwhichhumanactivity一inparticular,economicactivityhasbeenthedominantfactor(28)(influence)Earth'sclimateandenvironment.IntheAnthropocene,ourplanet'slife-supportsystemischangingfasterthanever.Climatechangenowrepresentsaclearandpresentdanger.Ifourplanetbecomesjust2口Warnerthanpre-industrialtemperatures,wemaybeplacedirreversiblyonthepathtoward“HothouseEarth”asituation(29)temperaturesaremanydegreeswarmerthantoday,sealevelsareconsiderablyhigher,andextremeweathereventsare(30)(common)andmoredestructivethanever.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.NcessedB.increasingC.applicationsD.typingE.interpretingF.reflectedG.injectedH.transformingI.connectionsJ.remarkableK.superhumanTheNextfrontier:UsingThoughttoControlMachinesTechnologiesareoftenbilledastransformative.ForWilliamKochevar,thetermisjustified.Mr.Kochevarisparalysedbelowtheshouldersafteracyclingaccident,yethasmanagedtofeedhimselfbyhisownhand.This31progressispartlythankstoelectrodes,implantedinhisrightarm,whichstimulatemuscles.Buttherealmagiclieshigherup.Mr.Kochevarcancontrolhisarmusingthepowerofthought.Hisintentiontomoveis32inneural（神經(jīng)的）activityinhismotorregion;thesesignalsaredetectedbyimplantsinhisbrainandintocommandstoactivatetheelectrodesinhisarms.Anabilitytodecodethoughtinthiswaymaysoundlikesciencefiction.Butbrain-computerinterfaces（BCIs）liketheBrainGatesystemusedbyMr.Kochevarprovideevidencethatmindcontrolcanwork.Researchersareabletotellwhatwordsandimagespeoplehaveheardandseenfromneuralactivityalone.Informationcanalsobeencodedandusedtostimulatethebrain.Over300,000peoplehavecochlear（耳蝸的）implants,whichhelpthemtohearby34soundintoelectricalsignalsandsendingthemintothebrain.Scientistshave"35"dataintomonkeysheads,instructingthemtoperformactionsviaelectricalpulses.AsourTechnologyQuarterlyinthisissueexplains,thepaceofresearchintoBCIsandthescaleofitsambitionare36.BothAmerica'sarmedforcesandSiliconValleyarestartingtofocusonthebrain.Facebookdreamsofthought-to-text37.Kernel,astartup,has$100mtospendonneuroethology.ElonMuskhasformedafirmcalledNeuralink;hethinksthat,ifhumanityistosurvivethearrivalofartificialintelligence,itneedsanupgrade.Entrepreneursimagineaworldinwhichpeoplecancommunicateusingthoughts,witheachotherandwithmachines,oracquire38abilities,suchashearingatveryhighfrequencies.Thesepowersiftheyevermaterialize,aredecadesaway.Butwellbeforethen,BCIscouldopenthedoortowonderfulnew39.Imaginestimulatingthevisualregiontohelptheblind,makingnewneural40instrokevictimsormonitoringthebrainforsighsofdepression.Byturningthefiringofneuronsintoaresourcetobeused,BCIsmaychangetheideaofwhatitmeanstobehuman.□?ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Howcomfortableareyouaroundwater?Areyouastrongswimmerordoyoustruggletokeepyourheadabovewater?Areyoucomfortableventuringintothedeeperwaterordoyouprefertomoveintoshallowwaterwherethebottomis41?Mostpeopleexposethemselvestowaterandswimmingsituationsaccordingtotheir42levelsofskillandcomfort.Thesamemightbetrueasyouassessyourcomfortlevelwithdifferentacademicenvironments43agoodcollege"fit".Justasyoumightstudyabodyofwatertofigureoutitstemperature,depthandcurrentbeforeventuringin,youneedto44thedifficulties,paceanddepthofanacademicenvironmentandyourabilitytokeepyour“headabovewater”ifadmittedbeforedecidingtoapply.Whenlookingatacademicdifficultiesasa(n)45of“fit",youarelikelytofindthatyouhavethecapacityto“getthejobdone"academicallyinarangeofcollegeenvironments.46,youarenotlikelytohavedifficultywiththe“water”itself.Youwillfitbest,however,atcollegesanduniversitieswhereyourabilityandpreparationenableyoutorisetonewlevelsof47.Yourgoalshouldbetofindacademicenvironmentswhereyourlevelsofabilityandpreparationwillenableyoutoachievewellasyoustretchyourself48.Theseplacesrepresentappropriate“bodiesofwater"foryouacademically.Thebest49ofcomprehensionregardingyourpreparednesstomeettheacademicrequirementsofvariouscollegesanduniversitiesareyourhighschoolteachers.Becausetheyareveryfamiliarwithyourcapabilities,yourteacherscanoffer50helpinidentifyingthecollegeswhereyouwillfindthebestacademicprogramsforyou.Assumingyouareabletofindappropriateenvironmentsacademically,youthenneedtoassessthe51ofyourschoolreportsforadmissiontothosecolleges.Howdoesyouracademicrecord(gradesandtestscores)pileupagainstthoseofotherstudentswhowillbe52,most(about90%)ofwhomarejustlikeyouinthattheycandotheworktoo?Youneedtobehonestin53thispartofthepicture,especiallyifyouareconsideringcollegesthatcanbehighlyselectiveandtendtoadmitverysmallpercentagesofthestudentswhoapply.Alotofstudentsgetinovertheirheadscompetitivelywhentheyfailtoconsidertherealoddsofgainingadmission.Whileyoumightfeelyouarea54candidateatschoolsthatcanbeverychoosy,therealityisthatyouneedtobeinthetop25percentofapplicantpoolsatsuchschoolstohaveafightingchanceofbeingadmitted.Bytheway,youdon't55yourchancesofgettingintoatleastonesuchschoolbyapplyingtoadozenofthem!41.A.toughB.mysteriousC.visibleD.different42.A.explosiveB.respectiveC.potentialD.reasonable43.A.onbehalfofB.intheplaceofC.incaseofD.insearchof44.A.observeB.overcomeC.investigateD.complete45.A.indicationB.implicationC.innovationD.intention46.A.InadditionB.InotherwordsC.BycomparisonD.Bycontrast47.A.continentB.contributionC.challengeD.conscience48.A.consideratelyB.traditionallyC.influentiallyD.intellectually49.A.sourcesB.originsC.concernsD.demands50.A.continuousB.invaluableC.powerlessD.unforgettable51.A.reliabilityB.alternativeC.competitivenessD.recommendation52.A.applyingB.consideringC.comparingD.persisting53.A.appreciatingB.assessingC.presentingD.comprehending54.A.flexibleB.positiveC.feasibleD.progressive55.A.graspB.changeC.createD.increase49.A50.B51.C52.A53.B54.B55.DSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)In1888anEgyptianfarmerdigginginthesandnearthevillageofIstablAntaruncoveredamassgrave.Thebodiesweren'thuman.Theywerefelineancientcatsthathadbeenmummified(木乃伊化的)andburiedinholesinastonishingnumbers.“Notoneortwohereandthere”,reportedEnglishIllustratedMagazine,“butdozens,hundreds,hundredsofthousands,alayerofthem,alayerthickerthanmostcoaljoints,thentotwentycatsdeep.”Someofthelinen-wrappedcatsstilllookedpresentable,andafewevenhadgoldenfaces.Villagechildrenpeddledthebestonestotouristforchange;therestweresoldasfertilizer.Oneshiptransportedabout180,000,weighingsome38,000pounds,toLiverpooltobespreadonthefieldsofEngland.Thosewerethedaysofgenerouslyfundedexplorations—thatdraggedthroughacresofdesertintheirquestforroyaltombs,andforsplendidgoldandpaintedmaskstodecoratetheestatesandmuseumsofEuropeandAmerica.ThemanythousandsofmummifiedanimalsthatturnedupatreligioussitesthroughoutEgyptwerejustthingstobeclearedawaytogetatthegoodstuff.Fewpeoplestudiedthem,andtheirimportancewasgenerallyunrecognized.Inthecenturysincethen,archaeologyhasbecomelessofatreasurehuntandmoreofascience.Archaeologistsnowrealizethatmuchoftheirsites'wealthliesinthemajorityofdetailsaboutordinaryfolks—whattheydid,whattheythought,howtheyprayed.Andanimalmummiesareabigpartofthat.“They'rereallydisplaysofdailylife,”saysEgyptologistSalimaIkram.Afterpeeringbeneathbandageswithx-raysandcataloguingherfindings,shecreatedagalleryforthecollectionabridgebetweenpeopletodayandthoseoflongago.“Youlookatthesemummifiedanimals,andsuddenlyyousay,Oh,KingSo-and-Sohadapet.Ihaveapet.Andinsteadofbeingatadistanceof5,000-plusyears,theancientEgyptiansbecomeclearerandclosertous.”Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningto“peddled”(paragraph1)?modernizedB.displayedC.illustratedD.demonstratedWhywasarchaeologyoncereferredtoasa“treasurehunt”(paragraph3)?Intheroyaltombs,thereweremanytreasuresmadeofsilverandgold.Animalmummiescouldbemadeintofertilizerwhichisveryvaluable.Itwashardtofindanimalmummiessincetheywereburiedunderdirt.PeoplesoughttheremainsofancientEgyptmerelyfortheirmaterialvalue.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutSalimaIkram?Shewishestoestablishthecontinuityofpetsoverhistory.Shebelievesthatstudyingtheremainscanhelpmodernsocietyrelatetothepast.ShewantstoidentifytheKing'spersonalbelongingsandclassifythem.ShedoubtsifcurrentsocietywillunderstandthesignificanceofEgyptianremains.Thisarticleprobablyencouragesthereadersto.valuethepastbystudyingtheremainsleftbehindbyourancestorsmakefulluseoftheremainsourancestorshaveleftbehindunderstandthatanimalmummiesaremoreimportantthangoldandmasksbecomemoresensitivetotheancientlifestyleofourancestors(B)Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlengthFlippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendivingBumpytuberclesontopofheadBodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognitionBushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped270-400olivebaleenplatesHumpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa‘hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwater.Thisarticleismainlyintendedto.explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldintroducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswaterspopularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionhelpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies(C)Rightnow,Iamlookingatashelffullofrelics,acollectionofhas-beens,old-times,antiques,fossils.Rightnow,Iamlookingatashelffullofbooks.Yes,that'stight.Ifyouhavesomesparecash(thegoingrateisabout$89)andyouarelookingtoenhanceyourreadingexperience,thenIhighlysuggestyouconsiderpurchasingane-reader.E-readersarereplacingthebooksofoldandIwelcomethemwithopenarms(asyoushould).Ane-readerisadevicethatallowsyoutoreade-bookisabook-lengthpublicationindigitalform,consistingoftext,imagesorboth,andproducedon,publishedthroughandreadableoncomputersorotherelectronicdevices.Sometimestheequivalentofaconventionalprintedbook,ebookscanalsobeborndigital.TheoxfordDictionaryofEnglishdefinestheb-bookas“anelectronicversionofaprintedbook”,bute-bookcanandtoexistwithoutanyprintedequivalent.E-readersputprintedbookstoshame.E-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooksbecausetheysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendlyandprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.Theaveragee-readercanstorethousandsofdigitalbooks,providingagenuinelibraryatyourfingertips.Whatismore,thee-readeritselfisverysmall.Itiseasytoholdandcanfitinapocketbookorbriefcaseeasily.ThismakeshandlingwoodengiantsuchasWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaabreeze.Perhapstheonlydrawbacktothespace-savingaspectofane-readeristhatitrequiresyoutofindnewthingstoputonyourshelves.Inaddition,e-readersareenvironmentallyfriendly.Theaveragenovelisabout300pageslong.So,ifanovelisprinted1000times,iswilluse300,000piecesofpaper.That'salotofpaper!Andforthesuperbestsellers,thesefiguresincreasedramatically.Forexample,theHarryPotterbookserieshassoldover450millioncopies.That'sabout2milliontrees!Uponviewingthesefigures,itisnothardtograspthesevereimpactofprintedbooksontheenvironment.Sincee-readersusenotrees,theyrepresentasignificantamountofpreservationintermsoftheenvironmentanditsresources.Finally,e-readersprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.Thetypicale-readerallowsitsusertoadjustlettersize,letterformandlinespacing.Italsoallowshighlightingandelectronicbookmarking.Furthermore,itgrantsuserstheabilitytogetanoverviewofabookandthenjumptospecificlocationbasedonthatoverview.Whiletheseareallnicefeatures,perhapsthemosthelpfulofallistheabilitytogetdictionarydefinitionsatthetouchofafinger.Oneventhemostbasice-reader,userscanfindinstantdefinitionswithouthavingtohuntthroughaphysicaldictionary.Itcanbeseenthate-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooks.Theysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendlyandprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.Sowhatgoodareprintedbooks?Well,theycertainlymakenicedecorations.Asusedinparagraph1,itcanbeinferredthat“has-beens,old-times,antiques,fossils”areallwordsthatdescribesomething.A.outdatedB.typicalC.meaningfulD.uselessBasedoninformationinthepassage,itcanbeinferredthatprintedbooksofWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaareall.A.superioranddramaticB.denseandenvironmentalC.awkwardandheavyD.significantandresistantAccordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingreadingtipsandtoolsareofferedbythee-reader?linespacingcustomizationtheabilitytoquicklyjumptotheendofabookaccesstoaprinteddictionaryatthetouchofafingerA.1and2onlyB.1and3onlyC.2and3onlyD.1,2and3Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagebestsummarizestheauthor'smainpoint?A.“Ifyouhavesomesparecash(thegoingrateisabout$89)andarelookingtoenhanceyourreadingexperience,thenIhighlysuggestyouconsiderpurchasingane-reader.”“E-readerarereplacingthebooksofold,andIwelcomethemwithopenarms(asyoushould).”“Ane-readerisadevicethatallowsyoutoreade-books.Ane-bookisabook-lengthpublicationindigitalform,consistingoftext,images,orboth,andproducedon,publishedthrough,andreadableoncomputersorotherelectronicdevices.”“E-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooksbecausetheysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendly,andprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.”SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage,Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thisphenomenonisoftenmissingfromdevelopmentprojectspromotedasgreenorsustainable.Thisphenomenonhasvariouslybeencalledenvironmental,eco-orgreengentrification.Greeningandenvironmentalcleanupdonotautomaticallyornecessarilyleadtogentrification.Thiscreatespressuretorezoneindustriallandforresidentialtowersorprofitablecommercialspace,inexchangefordeveloper-fundercleanup.Butitcandriveuprealestatepricesanddisplacelow-andmiddle一incomeresidents.Environmentalgentrificationnaturalizesthedisappearanceofmanufacturingandtheworkingclass.SustainableCitiesNeedMoreThanParks,CafesandaRiverwalkTherearemanystandardsthataimtorankhowgreencitiesare.Butwhatdoesitactuallymeanforacitytobegreenorsustainable?We'vewrittenaboutwhatwecallthe“Parks,cagesandaRiverwalk”modelofsustainability,whichfocusesonprovidingnewgreenspaces,mainlyforhigh-incomepeople.Thisvisionofshinyresidentialtowersandwaterfrontparkshasbecomeawidely-sharedconceptionofwhatgreencitiesshouldlooklike.67Gentrification（住宅高檔化）hasbecomeacatch-alltermusedtodescribeneighborhoodchange,andisoftenmisunderstoodastheonlypathtoneighborhoodimprovement.Infact,itsdefiningfeatureisdisplacement.Typically,peoplewhomoveintothesechangingneighborhoodsarewealthierandmoreeducatedthanresidentswhoaredisplaced.Arecentfloodofnewresearchhasfocusedonthedisplacementeffectsofenvironmentalcleanupandgreenspaceinitiatives.68Landfornewdevelopmentandresourcestofundextensivecleanupofpoisonoussitesarescarceinmanycities,69Andinneighborhoodswheregentrificationhasalreadybegun,anewparkorfarmersmarketcanworsentheproblembymakingtheareaevenmoreattractivetopotentialhigh-incomepeopleandpricingoutlong-termresidents.Insomecases,developersevencreatetemporarycommunitygardensorfarmersmarketsorpromisemoregreenspacethantheyeventuallydeliver,inordertomarketaneighborhoodtobuyerslookingforgreenpleasantness.70Itmakesdeindustrializationseembothinevitableanddesirable,oftenbyquiteliterallyreplacingindustrywithmorenatural-lookinglandscapes.Whentheseneighborhoodsarefinallycleanedup,afteryearsofactivismbylongtimeresidents,thoseadvocatesoftenareunabletostayandenjoythebenefitsoftheirefforts.□?SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.DesertificationDesertificationisoneoftheworld'smostalarmingprocessesofenvironmentaldegradation（退化）.Theissueisoftenunclear,however,byacommonmisperception:thatit'sa“natural”problemofadvancingdesertsinfarawaydevelopingcountries.Infact,desertificationisaboutlanddegradation:thelossoftheland'sbiologicalproductivity,causedbyman-madefactorsandclimatechange.Eachyear,desertificationanddroughtcauseanestimated$42billioninlostagriculturalproduction.Therisksofdesertificationaresufficientandclear.Itcontributestofoodinsecurity,hungerandpoverty,andcangiverisetosocial,economicandpoliticaltensionsthatcancauseconflicts,furtherpovertyandlanddegradation.ThegreaturgencyofthischallengeledtheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblytostate2006tobetheInternationalYearofDesertsandDesertification(IYDD).Itisastrongreminderoftheurgentneedtoaddressthefar-reachingimplicationsofthisproblem.UnitedNationsGeneralSecretaryrecentlysummarizesinthisway:“IlookforwardtoworkingwithGovernments,civilsociery,theprivatesection,internationalorganizationsandotherstofocusattentiononthiscr