高中語法專項定語從句專題思維導(dǎo)圖：1.定義：在復(fù)合句中充當定語的從句，即一個句子作定語（=形容詞）。2.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語3.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語1.關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,that,whose,as4.限制性定語從句2.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why定語從句3.從句對先行詞起修飾限定作用，二者關(guān)系密切1.關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,whose,as5.非限制性定語從句2.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why3.從句只對先行詞起補充說明作用，主從句常用逗號隔開6.定語從句一定沒有what和how，非限制性定語從句一定沒有that。考點：關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞as和which的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系副詞的基本用法定語從句的其他用法要點一.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法導(dǎo)入：Hehastwosonsandbothofthemareteachers.Hehastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.基本用法：先行詞關(guān)系代詞從句中的成分例句人Who主語、賓語、表語Doyouknowthemanwhotheteacheristalkingto.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Whom賓語Theboywhomshelovedinthewar.物Which主語、賓語、表語Theviewswhichareentirelynewmaybehardtoaccept.ThevasewhichIbrokewasveryexpensive.人，物that主語、賓語、表語Idon’tlikethenovelthatyouarereading.Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.whose定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.as主語、賓語、表語ASIknow,shehasn’tgotmarried.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，不可省略。在定語從句中作賓語時whom/who/which/that可以省略，as一般不省略。（2）whose可與ofwhich轉(zhuǎn)換。Whose=the+名詞+ofwhichWhose=ofwhich+the+名詞例句：Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.suchas結(jié)構(gòu)（as引導(dǎo)定語從句）與suchthat...結(jié)構(gòu)（that引導(dǎo)狀語從句）的區(qū)別例句：Itissuchabigstoneasnomancanlift.Itissuchabigstonethatnoonecanliftit.二.關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別限制性定語從句中，必須用關(guān)系代詞that的情況。①當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等，且指物時。②當先行詞被theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時。③當先行詞是形容詞做高級或者被形容詞最高級修飾時。④當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。⑤當先行詞既有人又有物的時。⑥當主句的主語時疑問詞which時。⑦當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時。例句：Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Thisistheverydictionarythathewantstobuy.It’sthebestbookthatIhaveread.ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.Shetookphotographofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.Whichisthebestbikethatyoulost.Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.當先行詞指物或者前面整句話時，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞必須用which的情況。①在非限制性定語從句中只能用which。②當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只能用which。例句：Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.Thisisthevillageinwhichhewasborn.注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系單詞之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.不可以說：ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.三.關(guān)系代詞as和which的用法區(qū)別①As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有時還可以放在主句中。②Which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句后。③如果as有“正如”之類的意思，它引導(dǎo)的就是狀語從句。④如果非限制性定語從句是否定句或者含有否定意義，則用which。⑤As代指前面整個句子，which既可以代指某個名詞也可以代指整個句子。⑥As主要用于as;asas;thesameas;such/soas等結(jié)構(gòu)中。⑦As習慣用語：Asanybodycansee;正如人人都能看到的那樣；Asiswellknown;=Asisknowntoall;眾所周知；Aswehaveexpected;正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣；Asoftenhappens;正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；Ashasbeensaidbefore;正如以前所說的；Asisoftenmentionedabove;正如上面提到的；例句：Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.(意料之中)Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.(意料之外)注意：1.Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeveryoneItisknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Whatisknowntoeveryoneisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法1.當先行詞和介詞一起在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關(guān)系副詞。when=表示時間的介詞(in,at,during等)+whichWhere=表示地點的介詞(in,at,on,under等)+whichWhy=表示原因的介詞(for等)+which例句：IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentmyholidayswithmygrandparents.Mr.Kingwasquicklytakentothehospital,whereadoctorwantedtoexaminehislegs.Doyouthereasonwhyheisabsent.2.介詞(from/to)+where/when的用法有時為表達清楚，在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from，to，by，since等。例句：Soonaftergettingoffhishorse,thecaptainappearedatthesecondwindow,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.TheysettledintheUSAlastyear,bywhenshehadobtainedamaster’sdegreeineconomics.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.3.高考對于關(guān)系副詞where的考查當先行詞表示人/物的situation，或某事做發(fā)展的stage和point，或表達某事的某個方面時都可用where這個關(guān)系副詞。Theaccidenthadreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.定語從句的其他用法要點當定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)的方面應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。①oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.②theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞單數(shù)形式Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.注意：Nottheonlyoneof=oneofTomisnottheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.=Tomisoneofthewhohavepassedtheexam.③其他情況I,whoamastudent,wanttofindapart-timejob.way和time后接定語從句的用法①當先行詞是way（意為“方式、方法”）并在定語從句中和介詞一起作狀語時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有下面三種形式：Iwasimpressedbythewayin