2019北京牛欄山一中高二（上）期中英語（考試時間90分鐘，共100分）第一卷（三大題，共70分）聽說（50分）第一題A語法填空IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.TheChinesearethe___1___(friend)peopleIhaveevermet.AftermyvisittoaChinesefamily,myfriend’sgrandfatherwouldn’tletmegotothebusstationalone.Heinsistedon___2___(walk)metothestationtoseemeoff.IkeptsayingthatIknewthewaymyself,butitjustdidnotwork.Whathedidwasamazing.Thiswillnothappeninmanyother___3___(culture),Iguess.B語法填空The89-year-oldShenJilanisoneoftheeightpeoplewho___4___(award)theMedaloftheRepublic.Asalifelongfarmer,sheistheonlydeputyinChinatoserveatall13NationalPeople’sCongress(人民代表大會)since1954.She___5___(witness)thedevelopmentofthePeople’sCongresssystem.Shehasbeenengagedinenacting(制定)andamending(修改)nationallawsmostofherlife.Itwasshewhoproposedtheclauseon“equalpayforequalwork”betweenmenandwomen,___6___waswrittenintothefirstConstitutionofPRCin1954.C語法填空Fromancientmyth(神話)tomodernresearch,left-handedpeoplehavebeenlabeled____7____society-forgoodandbad.Nowadays,“l(fā)efties”are___8___(general)believedtobemoretalented.AccordingtoLiveScience,about10percentoftheworld’spopulationisleft-handed.However,nobodyhasbeenquitesure___9___determinesaperson’sdominanthand.InanewstudypublishedonSep5inthejournalBritain,scientistshavepinpointedforthefirsttimethepartofourDNAthat___10___(relate)toleft-handed.第二題：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Duringmysecondyearinhighschool,Igotsickandmissedafewdays.WhenI___11___,Iwasgreetedwithtwoessays，threedaysofmathandhistoryhomework,plusseveraltests.____12____Iwenthomefromschoolthatdayexhausted,Ihadtostayupreallylatetofinishthemall.Thenextdayatschool,Igotashock:I’dtotallyforgottentoprepareforthe____13____onRomeoandJuliet,whichI’dtake____14____mylunchhour!Worsestill,Ihad____15____thein-classdiscussionandallthenotes.Whenlunchcame,IwenttotheEnglishroomtofacemycertaindoom(厄運).AllIcoulddowastryto____16____onthequestionsIdidn’tknow.Asitturnedout,Ididn’tknowthemajorityofthequestions.Iwasjustabouttogive___17___whenmypencilaccidentallyfellandbroke.Standingbytheblackboardsharpeningmypencil,I____18____downandthereinfullviewlaytheanswersheetforthetest!Whatgoodfortune!Icankissgood-byetoallmy____19____offailingthetest!Myheartstartedbeating,andmybrain____20____,Yes!Readovertheanswers—quickly!Thiswasquicklyfollowedbyanothervoice,No!You’llgetcaught!Mymindturningbackandforth,Yes!No!Yes!No!…Thiswentonfortenofthe____21____secondsinmyentirelife.Finally,Idecidedtofinishthetestonmyown,without____22____!Iwassatisfiedwithmydecisionbutpretty____23____Ihadfailedthetest.ThenextdaywhenIwalkedintotheEnglishroommygreatjoyofhavingbeenan___24___soulchangedintoawaveofdoomasIsawmytestpaperlyingfacedownonmydesk.Iknewwhatawaitedme.IstaredatitafewsecondsbeforeItookthe____25____toturnitover.Youcanonlyimaginemy____26____whenIlearnedthatIhadpassedthetest!Ihaveneverinmywholelifebeensohappytoseemy____27____,aC-.Mymomsaysthevictoriesthat____28____themostcouragearewonwithin.NowIknow____29____whatshemeans.Nownotonlycanmyconscience(良心)resteasy,butIdon’thavetoworryaboutgettingcaughtandmeetingasad____30____likeRomeoandJuliet.11.A.arrived B.appeared C.returned D.finished12.A.Although B.Because C.Until D.If13.A.lecture B.essay C.test D.play14.A.by B.over C.upon D.toward15.A.carried B.lost C.dropped D.missed16.A.depend B.guess C.agree D.improve17.A.in B.off C.out D.away18.A.wrote B.settled C.looked D.calmed19.A.boredom B.loneliness C.tiredness D.worries20.A.warned B.persuaded C.chanted(唱歌) D.whispered21.A.coldest B.saddest C.longest D.fastest22.A.suffering B.cheating C.checking D.thinking23.A.regretful B.glad C.certain D.relieved24.A.honest B.open C.optimistic D.energetic25A.wisdom B.encouragement C.intention D.courage26.A.anxiety B.shock C.fear D.appreciation27.A.paper B.credit C.rate D.grade28.A.take B.put C.find D.gain29.A.gradually B.exactly C.willingly D.seemingly30.A.ending B.film C.fact D.love第三題、閱讀理解（每小題2分，共30分）第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAmsterdam'sBestFleaMarketsIjhallenFleaMarketFirstorsecondweekendofeverymonthPerhapsthemostimpressiveofthemallisIjhallen，locatedinthenorthofAmsterdam．Withmorethan1，500standsand3，000freeparkingspaces，themonthlymarketattractsvisitorsfromnotonlytheNetherlands，butEurope-wide．Thereisafiveeuroadmissionfee，butyoucanbeprettysurethatyoucanbrowsesecond-handtreasuresformostoftheday．Anythingandeverythingcanbefoundhere；oldguitarsandantiquechairs，artprintsandmilitarygear．NoordermarktFleaMarketSaturday，9am-4pmMonday，9am-2pmInthecentreoftheJordaan，theNoordermarktFleaMarketonSaturdaysincludesvintage（老式的）goodsandorganicfoodproducefromlocalfarmers．OnMondays，themarkettransformsintoanantique-hunter'sgoldmine．Therearepilesofvintageclothes，antiquebooks，coinsandfurniture．WaterloopeinMarketMonday-Saturday，9am-6pmThemostcentrallylocatedofallfleamarketsinAmsterdam，WaterloopleinMarketoffersvisitorsarangeofsnacks，second-handclothesandvintagetreasures．There'samazeofsecond-handgoods，fromoldglobesandhanginglamps，toAfricandrums，antiquerugsandusedbikes．SpuiBookMarketFriday10am-6pmIdeallysituatedamongbookstores，you'llfindacollectionoftentsshelteringsecond-handandantiquebooksatthebookmarketonSpui．Youcanfindavarietyofliteraturefrombiographiesandpoetrytofantasy-fiction，history，psychologyandgeography．WhilemostbooksarefromtheNetherlands，someEnglishandinternationaltitlesareforsale．Aswellasantiquemaps，printsandrecord．31Whichfleamarketdoyouneedtopaysomeextramoney？______A.IjhallenFleaMarket． B.NoordermarktFleaMarket．C.WaterloopleinMarket． D.SpuiBookMarket．32.WhatcanyoupickupatNoordermarktFleaMarket？______A.Youcangetenoughparkingspace． B.Youcanchoosearangeofsnacks．C.Youcanbuysomefreshvegetables． D.Youcandigsomegoldmineshere．33.Whenisagoodtimetovisitafavoritemarketforacrazybookfan？______A.Firstweekendofeverymonth． B.Friday，10am-6pm．C.Monday，9am-6pm． D.Saturday，9am-4pm．BWhenyoung,Ilovedgoingontrail（小路）runs.Itwasmyfavoritewaytoescapestress.So,whenIwasbackinmyhometownafteratoughfirstyearofmyPh.D.program,IthoughtatrailrunwasjustwhatIneeded.Butinsteadofhelpingmerelax,therundidjusttheopposite.AfterImovedtothecityforcollege,wheremyrunswereonflatconcretepathsinsteadofwindingdirttrails,IusedaGPSwatch.WhenIwentontrailrunsagaininthecountry,itconstantlyremindedmeofthefactthatIwasn’tkeepingupwithmyusualpace.Iturnedmywatchoff,thinkingthatwouldallowmetoenjoymysurroundingsandfindthepeaceIexpected,butIworriedIwasunderperforming.“Whycan’tIletgoandjustenjoymyself?”Iwondered.Butaftersomeintrospection（反?。?IrealizedwhyIwasstruggling—bothontrailrunsandingraduateschool.GoingintomyPh.D.,Ihadthoughtthatmysolidundergraduatetrackrecordwouldsetmeupforinstantsuccess.Tomysurprise,Iwaswrong.IlackedconfidenceinmyresearchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperformingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastooslow.Otherstudents’self-confidenceandtheirexcellentresultsmademefeelinsecure.Finally,onedayIbrokedownintearsinmyadviser’soffice.Thencamemyvisithome:IwashavingtroublebecauseIhadn’tproperlyadjustedmyexpectationstothedifferencesbetweenanurbanrunandatrailrun.APh.D.islikeatrailrun:Sometimesyoucanrunfast.Sometimesyoumightfindyourselfclimbingupasteep,windingtrailatasnail’space.Andthat’sOK.Barriersareunavoidable,andsuccesslooksandfeelsdifferentonachallengingtrailthanitdoesonasmooth,flatpath.Sometimesit’sbesttotakeadeepbreathanddoyourbesttomeetthechallenge.34.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasontrailrunsagain?A.Relaxed. B.Tired.C.Anxious. D.Happy.35.Whatresultedintheauthor’spoorperformanceinPh.DA.Hislackofconfidence. B.Hislackofhardwork.C.Hispoorresearchabilities. D.Hispoortrackrecord.36.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinthelastparagraph?A.Hisdesireforsuccess. B.Hisconfidenceoftrailruns.C.Hisexpectationsinhisstudy. D.Hisrealizationafterthetrailrun.37.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Workingoutregularlyisbeneficial.C.It’simportanttomakenecessaryadjustments.D.It’svitaltoturntoothersforhelp.CLoudcheersandapplausebrokeoutatNASA’sJetPropulsionLabonMonday,November25,2018,astheunmannedlander,calledInsight,toucheddownonMars,afternearlysevenyearsfromdesigntolaunchtolanding.Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,howitformedbillionsofyearsagoand,howotherplanetslikeEarthtookshape—markedtheeighthsuccessfullandingonMarsinNasa’shistory.MinutesafterInSightlandedonthesurfaceofMars,thefirstimagewassentback,showingawideflatareaasseenthroughadirtycamera.Thetouchdowncameafteranearlyseven-month,300million-miletravelfromEarthtoMars,duringwhichtheInSightspacecrafthadtoslowdownfromaspeedofmorethan12,000mph.Thespacecraft’sheatshelterhelpedthelandersurvivetemperaturesashighas2,700℉.EachstepalongthewaywaswatchednervouslyatJPL,withupdatesdelayedbytheeight-minutelighttraveltimebetweenEarthandMars.Missioncontrollershuggedeachotherwithjoywhenthesignalswerereceived.“Weareproudofeverythingthathasgoneontoday,”theytoldusreporters.ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEarthbyoneoftheMarCOnanosatellites(馬可納米衛(wèi)星)thataccompaniedInSightduringitstraveltoMars.Thedustfromthelandingmadetheviewunclear.Picturesfromitwereexpectedtobecleareroncethedustsettledandthelenscover(鏡頭蓋)wasremoved.Hourslater,InSight’sbatterieswerechargingasexpected.TheInSightteamalsopassedonanotherpicture,takenbyadifferentcamerathat’sfixedonthelander’sroboticarm.Theviewisclearer,showingtheroboticarmandtheseismometer,whichisusedtodiscovertheactualmovementoftheground.38.WhatdoweknowaboutInSightlanderfromthepassage?A.IthaslandedsuccessfullyonMarseighttimes.B.Ittravelledallthewayatthespeedof12,000mph.C.Missioncontrollershelpeditsurvivehightemperature.D.ThetaskofitistofindouttheinnermysteriesofMars.39.WeknowwhatMarslookslikeby_______.A.studyingpicturesInSightlandersendsbackB.readingreportssentbackbythepersononMarsC.collectingimagessentbackbyMarCOnanosatellitesD.analyzinginformationtherobotonInSightlandersendsback40.HowdidthemissioncontrollersfeelwhentheyreceivedsignalsfromInsight?A.Unconcerned. B.Worried.C.Amazed. D.Excited.41.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_______.A.afictionnovel B.anewsreportC.atravelmagazine D.anofficialstatementDThelatestdatafromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsshowsthatoneinevery12kidsislivinginhomeswherenoonehasworkedforatleastayear.Thatmaybeduetounemploymentorissuessuchassicknessordisabilitythatmeantheycan’twork,andaren’trequiredto.Thisisknownasbeingina“l(fā)ongtermworkless”family.Theissuesfacedbychildreninworklessfamilieshaveverybadinfluenceontheirdevelopmentandeducation,limitingtheirfutureemploymentprospects,andreducingtheiropportunitiestosucceedthroughouttheirlives.Notonlydoesworklessnessreducefamilyincome,itcanalsodamagefamilies’healthandstability,andthusdestroychildren’sdevelopment.Thisisbecausemanyworklessfamiliesareheldbackbydisadvantagessuchasdebt,drugandalcoholdependency,andbyhomelessness.Sufferingfromthefamilyproblems,manychildrenfaceagreaterandgreaterpossibilityofrepeatingthepooroutcomesoftheirparents.Governmentresearchhasshownthatchildreninworklessfamiliesarealmosttwiceaslikelynottoreachtheexpectedlevelatallstagesoftheireducation.Forexample,three-quartersofchildrenfromfamilieswherenooneworksfailedtoreachtheexpectedlevelatGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE),comparedtoaroundhalfofchildreninlower-incomeworkingfamilies.Soattentionshouldbepaidtochildreninout-of-workhomes.Havingworkingparentsmeansachildismorelikelytodobetteratschool,tohavebetterhealth,educationanddevelopment,andalsomeanstheyarelesslikelytofallintocrime.Butforsomefamilies,worklessness,ornotemployment,isthenorm.Theyjustchoosenottowork.Thesefamiliesoftenfacehugebarrierstogettingonwiththeirlivesbuttheytaketheopportunitiesofferedbythesociety.Parents’abilitytoworkisfrustratedbyissueslikelowskillsorpoormentalorphysicalhealth,ordrugandalcoholdependency,leavingchildrenwithoutthestabilitytheyneed.WeallwanttohelpworklessfamilieswithcomplexproblemssothattheirchildrencantakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesinBritain.Weallwantparentstohavethechancetogoouttoearnalivingandtoenjoythepleasureofwork,sothattheirchildrencanbenefitfromthegoodexamplesofworkingparents.Indoingso,weshouldknowtheneedtounderstandthecomplexissuesthatsomefamiliesfaceandtodevelopanewapproachtodealwithpoverty.Becausetherootcausesarenotfinancial.Itisabouthelpingfamiliesovercometheproblemstheyfacesothattheycangoasfarastheirtalentsandhardworkwilltakethem.Weshouldn’tretreatfromactingtodealwithdisadvantages,becauseweknowthecostsofinactiontoindividuals,communitiesandsociety.42.Accordingtotheauthorchildreninworklessfamiliesmay_______.A.havebetterperformanceatschoolB.takechancestogoouttoearnalivingC.bemoreabletodealwiththeirproblemsD.livethesamelifestylesthattheirparentshad43.Theunderlinedword“norm”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.ahugebarrier B.aturningpointC.atypicalstandard D.anunusualevent44.Inthelastparagraphtheauthormainlytalkedabout_______.A.raisingofsocialwelfareB.solutionstotheproblemsC.developmentofthesocietyD.reformingofthegovernment45.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.introduceastudyonchildreninworklessfamiliesB.appealtothereaderstohelpchildreninworklessfamiliesC.presentanewapproachtodealwithpovertyofworklessfamiliesD.comparechildren’sperformancesinworklessfamiliesandlow-incomeones第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FormorethansixmillionAmericanchildren,cominghomeafterschoolmeanscomingtoanemptyhouse.___46___Somemayhide.Butallofthemhavesomethingincommon.Theyspendpartofeachdayalone.Theyarecalledlatchkeychildren.Theyarechildrenwholookafterthemselveswhiletheirparentswork.___47___LynetteLongwasoncetheheadmasterofanelementaryschool.Shesaid,“Wehadaschoolruleagainstwearingjewelry.Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysattached.Iwasconstantlytellingthemtoputtheminsideshirts.Thereweresomanykeys.Itnevercametomymindwhattheymeant.”___48___Sheandherhusbandbegantalkingtothechildrenwhohadthem.Theylearnedoftheimpactworkingcouplesandsingleparentswerehavingontheirchildren.___49___OneineverythreelatchkeychildrentheLogstalkedtoreportedbeingscared.Manyhadnightmaresandwereworriedabouttheirownsafety.Themostcommonwaylatchkeychildrendealwiththeirfearsisbyhiding.___50___ThesecondisTV.They’lloftenplayitathighvolume.It’shardtogetstatistics(情況)onlatchkeychildren,theLongslearned.Mostparentsareslowtoadmittheyleavetheirchildrenalone.A.Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.B.Buttheydon’tmind.C.Fearisthebiggestproblemfacedbychildrenathomealone.D.SomedealwiththesituationbywatchingTV.E.Somegototheirfriendsortheirrelatives.F.Andtheirbadconditionhasbecomeasubjectofconcern.G.Itmightbeinashowerstall,underabedorinacloset.第二卷：(共三大題30分）第一題：單詞拼寫,每空一詞，寫在答題卡上（10分）單詞填空51.ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwerebeyondhise___________(預期).52.Thesuggestionwasvoteddownbylargem_________(大多數(shù)).53.Wehavebeenfriendsforalongtime,soweareveryf________(熟悉)witheachother.54.Shewaitedinherhoteltowelcomeherchildrenontheira_________(到達)fromLondon.55.Hewasveryc________(謹慎)forfearthatheshouldbeblamedforanythingwrong.56.Severalstudentswerei________(受傷)inthecaraccident.57.Ishallneverf________(原諒)myselfforfailingtohelpyouwhenyouwereindanger.58.Therelationsbetweenourtwocountrieshaveimprovedmarkedlyineverya_______(方面).59.Thisargumentsoundsr________(有道理的),butactuallyit'sincorrect.60.Igetsoa_____(吸收)indoingsomethingthatIamunawareofthingshappeningroundme.61.I'mafraidIwillhavenochancetop_______(參加)inthecomingcontest.62.TheFestivalOfAsianArts&Musicwillincludeseverallivep_______(表演).63.Itisstronglyr_______(推薦)thatyoushouldseeyourdoctor.64.Iamsogladtoknowthathehasfullyr________(康復)fromtheillness.65.L_________(幸運地是),Ibroughtmyumbrellaalong,otherwiseIwouldsurelygetwet.66.Ifyouractioni__________激勵)otherstodreammore,learnmore,domoreandbecomemore,youarealeader.67.Asateenager,weshouldplayabigroleingarbagec_________(分類)andgarbagerecycling.68.Eachtimeyoufinishataskyouwillfeelasenseofp________(驕傲)forajobwelldone.69.Ifeltthep_________(壓力)ofbeingthefirstwomaninthejob.70.Weneedtotaker______________(責任)forlookingafterourownhealth.第二題用短語的適當形式填空71.Everyoneknewshedidn’tlikehim,butshe_____________________mindhermannerssothatshewouldn’tdisappointherparents.72.Weshouldn’t____________________believingthattheenvironmentwillrecoverbyitself.Ittakeseveryone’seffortstomakeithappen.73.Ithinkalltheplayers____________________theteam’spoorperformancetonight.Wewereallratherdisappointed.74.He___________________checkingeverythinghimself,becausehedidn’ttrustanyoneelse.75.Thescientistshaveconductedanexperiment,fromwhichwewill_____________________whatishappeningtotheearth’satmosphere.76.Inthepast,peopleoften___________________thelabelsonfood,notknowingwhatwassafetoeat.77.Thegrandmilitaryparadedrewmanypeople’sattention______________________.78.Businessisgoodnow,butthereareafewproblems___________________.Andweneedtosolvethembeforetheygrowworse.79.George___________________thismorning,forwhichIamverygrateful.Withouthim,Iwouldhavebeenlateforthemeeting.80.Hecouldhavelaughedatyourfailure,but,__________________,hepitiedyou.第三題翻譯句子81.得知他在這學期后要去歐洲旅行一周，我預計春節(jié)前見不到他了。82.我建議穿暖和點。83.他看起來很驚喜，說這是他至今為止收到的最好的禮物。84.雖然有些數(shù)學題十分難，但是絕大多數(shù)都非常簡單，而且我已算出了一些題。85.當我剛開始使用手機做作業(yè)的時候，我有段時間難以阻止自己在它上面玩游戲。86.我知道你看書看得快，我認為你應該考慮從圖書館多借兩本書。87.每次讀《老人與?！窌r，我都會對那位老人有更好的理解。(TheOldManandtheSea)

2019北京牛欄山一中高二（上）期中英語參考答案第一卷（三大題，共70分）A【答案】1.frendliest2.walking3.cultures【解析】這是一篇記敘文，主要以作者在中國的經(jīng)歷表達中國人是最友好的人?！?題詳解】考察形容詞最高級。句意：中國人是我所見到的最友好的人。我所見到的人很多，中國人是最友好的。people是名詞，要用形容詞friendly修飾，結(jié)合句意，應該用形容詞的最高級。故填friendliest?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他堅持走路陪我到車站給我送行。insiston意為堅持，后接動詞的ing形式作賓語。故填walking?！?題詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：這在其他的許多國家不可能發(fā)生。many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，這里的culture意為（擁有特定信仰的）國家，文化，是可數(shù)名詞。故填cultures。B【答案】4.wereawarded5.witnessed6.which【解析】分析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了獲得共和國勛章的申紀蘭的一些事跡?！?題詳解】考查主謂一致和語態(tài)。句意：89歲的申紀蘭是獲得共和國勛章的八人之一。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在who引導的定語從句中，先行詞是theeightpeople，who指代這里的八個人，應用復數(shù)，而且他們是被授予共和國勛章，要用被動語態(tài)。他們被授予共和國勛章是發(fā)生在過去的事情，要用一般過去時。故填wereawarded?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：她見證了人民代表大會的發(fā)展。結(jié)合上文，自從1954年以來，她是唯一的從第一屆到第13屆全國人民代表大會都參加的代表。所以她見證了人民代表大會的發(fā)展，這是發(fā)生過的事情，應該用一般過去時。故填witnessed。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：就是她提出了“男女同工同酬”的倡議，被寫入了中華人民共和國第一部憲法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里是非限制性定語從句，指代部分主句的意思，從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which?！军c睛】語法填空中定語從句的解題方法：首先確定先行詞，然后分析定語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)，搞清楚所缺成分，填入相應的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。比如第3小題，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，指代部分主句的意思，用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。C【答案】7.by8.generally9.what10.relates【解析】這是一篇說明文，主要說明了左撇子的一些情況?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：從古代神話到現(xiàn)代研究，左撇子都被社會標記為要么好要么壞。左撇子被標記，這是被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)表示動作的發(fā)出者時，用介詞by。故填by?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：如今左撇子往往被認為更加聰明。believe是動詞，應用副詞generally修飾。故填generally。【9題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：然而，沒有人確切知道是什么決定了一個人的慣用手。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是賓語從句，從句缺少主語。結(jié)合題意，故填what。【10題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：9月5日發(fā)表在《英國》雜志上的一項新研究中，科學家們首次確定了我們的DNA中與左撇子有關(guān)的那部分。DNA中一部分跟左撇子有關(guān)，這是客觀事實，應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。在這定語從句種,that指代先行詞thepartofourDNA,所以定語從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故填relates。第二題：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）【答案】11.C12.A13.C14.B15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.D21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.A29.B30.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講了作者生病后，錯過了一些課程而擔心不同通過考試，在考試過程中想作弊但最后放棄了。進而明白了母親說的話：最需要勇氣的勝利是戰(zhàn)勝自己的內(nèi)心?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我回來時，迎接我的是兩篇要交的論文，三天的數(shù)學和歷史作業(yè)，還有幾次考試。A.arrived到達；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.returned返回；D.finished完成。作者因為生病缺席，所以回來時發(fā)現(xiàn)有考試。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然那天我放學回家時已經(jīng)筋疲力盡，但是為了完成作業(yè)，我不得不熬夜到很晚。A.Although雖然；B.Because因為；C.Until直到；D.If如果。結(jié)合下文，雖然作者累，但是還要完成作業(yè)，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天在學校，我猛然醒悟：我完全忘了準備午餐期間的《羅密歐和朱麗葉》的考試。A.lecture講座；B.essay論文；C.test測試；D.play戲劇。結(jié)合上下文，上文第一段出現(xiàn)了plusseveraltests，下文主要就是講的測試中的心里掙扎，故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天在學校，我猛然醒悟：我完全忘了準備午餐期間的《羅密歐和朱麗葉》的考試。A.by憑借；B.over在…期間；C.upon一……就；D.toward朝向。結(jié)合下文Whenlunchcame,IwenttotheEnglishroomtofacemycertaindoom(厄運).可知，午餐時分來臨，我去英語教室直面自己的厄運?？梢娍荚囀俏绮蜁r分進行的。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是我錯過了課堂討論和所有的筆記。A.carried攜帶；B.lost丟失；C.dropped掉落；D.missed錯過。作者生病缺席，所以自然錯過了課堂討論。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我能做的就是試著去猜那些我不知道的問題。A.depend依靠；B.guess猜測；C.agree同意；D.improve改善。結(jié)合上文，作者生病缺課，病好后忙著補作業(yè)之類的忘記準備考試，所以很多題不會只能靠猜。故選B項。【17題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我正要妥協(xié)，這時候我的鉛筆不小心掉地上摔斷了。A.（give）in屈服，讓步；B.（give）off釋放（氣體）；C.（give）out分發(fā)；D.（give）away贈送。結(jié)合上文，作者準備靠猜測來應對不會的題目，對不會的題目完全聽天由命，即妥協(xié)，讓步。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我站在黑板旁削鉛筆，低頭一看，試卷答案就在眼前。A.wrote寫；B.settled解決；C.looked看；D.calmed鎮(zhèn)定。作者站著削鉛筆，低頭看，剛好看到試卷答案。故選C項。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：太幸運了！我再也不用擔心考試不及格了。A.boredom厭倦；B.loneliness孤單；C.tiredness勞累；D.worries擔心。結(jié)合上文，作者原本準備不足，擔心自己的考試，現(xiàn)在看到了答案，無需擔心了。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心臟開始（因緊張快速）跳動，我的大腦在低語：對！看一下答案——快點！A.warned警告；B.persuaded說服；C.chanted(唱歌)；D.whispered低聲說。這里是作者的心理活動，好像大腦里有聲音在說一樣。故選D項。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我一生中最長的十秒鐘。A.coldest最冷的；B.saddest最悲傷的；C.longest最長的；D.fastest最快的。這里作者在做思想斗爭，可想而知，心理斗爭的十秒中似乎是生命中看似短暫卻最長的時間。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我決定自己完成考試，不作弊。A.suffering遭受；B.cheating欺騙，作弊；C.checking檢查；D.thinking思考。作者思想斗爭后，決定放棄看試卷答案的行為，自己考試，不作弊。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我對我的決定很滿意，但是我確信我考試會不及格。A.regretful后悔的；B.glad高興的；C.certain確定的；D.relieved感到寬慰的。作者不作弊，憑自己的能力考試，對于這樣的決定作者很滿意。但是由于作者沒有什么準備，所以很確定考試肯定過不了。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，當我走進英語教室時，當我看到我的試卷面朝下躺在我桌上時，原本作為一個誠實的人的那種巨大的喜悅變成了一股厄運。A.honest誠實的；B.open開放的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.energetic充滿活力的。結(jié)合上文，作者考試沒有作弊，所以是一個誠實的人。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我盯著它看了幾秒鐘，才鼓起勇氣把它翻過來。A.wisdom智慧；B.encouragement鼓勵；C.intention意圖；D.courage勇氣。結(jié)合上文，作者確信自己考試會不及格，所以要面對這種考試失利，需要勇氣。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以想象當我得知自己考試通過的那種震驚。A.anxiety焦慮；B.shock震驚；C.fear害怕；D.appreciation感激。作者確信自己考試是過不了的，所以看到分數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過了后，只能用震驚來形容了。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看到我的成績是C，我從來沒這么高興過。A.paper紙；B.credit信用；C.rate比率；D.grade成績。作者翻開試卷，看到的是自己的考試成績，故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽說：最需要勇氣的勝利是戰(zhàn)勝內(nèi)心。A.take花費；B.put放置；C.find找到；D.gain獲得。takethecourage意為需要勇氣，符合題意。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我確切地知道她的意思了。A.gradually逐漸；B.exactly確切地；C.willingly愿意地；D.seemingly似乎。通過自己的這次經(jīng)歷，作者是確切地知道母親那句話的意思。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不僅內(nèi)心平靜，而且也不用擔心被抓，遇上像Romeo和Juliet的結(jié)局。A.ending結(jié)局；B.film電影；C.fact事實；D.love愛。作者經(jīng)歷了考試的思想斗爭，戰(zhàn)勝自我，內(nèi)心得到安寧，不需要擔心像《羅密歐和朱麗葉》那樣的悲劇結(jié)局。故選A項?！军c睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學會“推理”出最佳選項。同學們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。例如，第3題，要求填準備什么，結(jié)合上下文，上文第一段出現(xiàn)了plusseveraltests，下文主要就是講的測試中的心里掙扎，所以應該是作者忘記準備午餐期間的《羅密歐和朱麗葉》的考試，故選C項。第三題、閱讀理解（每小題2分，共30分）第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A【答案】31.A32.C33.B【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾個阿姆斯特丹最好的跳蚤市場?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則信息IjhallenFleaMarket的Thereisafiveeuroadmissionfee可知，IjhallenFleaMarket是要額外收取門票費的，故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NoordermarktFleaMarket信息的theNoordermarktFleaMarketonSaturdaysincludesvintage(老式的)goodsandorganicfoodproducefromlocalfarmers.可知，在Noordermarkt跳蚤市場可以買到新鮮的蔬菜，故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SpuiBookMarket的Youcanfindavarietyofliteraturefrombiographiesandpoetrytofantasy-fiction,history,psychologyandgeography.可知，瘋狂書迷最喜歡的市場是SpuiBookMarket，它開放的時間時Friday10am-6pm，因此，書迷去這里的最好的時間是Friday10am-6pm，故選B。B【答案】34.C35.A36.D37.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在城市水泥路上和在鄉(xiāng)村小路上跑步時的不同感受，反省了自己在博士課程方面不如意的原因，告訴讀者要學會根據(jù)情況來調(diào)整自己的預期，去收獲成功與滿足。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“butIworriedIwasunderperforming”可知，跑步?jīng)]能讓作者放松，相反卻感到焦慮，故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“IlackedconfidenceinmyresearchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperformingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastooslow.”可知，作者在學業(yè)方面差是由于自己對自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。上文中作者對比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在鄉(xiāng)村小路上跑步的不同，因此在文章末段作者表達了自己在經(jīng)歷這件事后的領(lǐng)悟，故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。作者在文章中主要通過自己跑步時不同感受的對比，反省了自己在博士課程方面不如意的原因，告訴讀者要學會根據(jù)不同的情況來調(diào)整自己的預期，故選C。【點睛】細節(jié)理解題大多是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。抓住文段中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎。該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題和選項有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行分析對比，找出答案。正確選項雖然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改寫，意思不變。如換一個同義詞，把否定改為肯定，把肯定改為否定等。如第2小題，根據(jù)第三段中的“IlackedconfidenceinmyresearchabilitieswhichIthoughtstoppedmeperformingwellandIconstantlyfeltmyprogresswastooslow.”可知，作者在學業(yè)方面差是由于自己對自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故選A。C【答案】38.D39.C40.D41.B【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了美國航天總局的InSight登陸和探測火星的相關(guān)情況?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二自然段中“Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,”可知，設計Insight的主要目的是探測火星的內(nèi)部秘密。故選D項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二自然段第一句“ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEart