Unit2

SuccessfulBusinessPeoplePayingattentiontosimplelittlethingsthatmostmenneglectmakesafewmenrich.

—HenryFord

Highexpectationsarethekeytoeverything.

—SteveJobs

QuotationHenryFord(July30,1863–April7,1947)wasanAmericanindustrialist,

thefounderoftheFordMotorCompany,andthesponsorofthedevelopmentof

theassemblylinetechniqueofmassproduction.AlthoughForddidnotinventtheautomobileortheassemblyline,hedevelopedandmanufacturedthefirstautomobilethatmanymiddleclassAmericanscouldafford.Indoingso,Fordconvertedtheautomobilefromanexpensivecuriosityintoapracticalconveyancethatwouldprofoundlyimpactthelandscapeofthe20thCentury.HisintroductionoftheModelTautomobilerevolutionizedtransportationandAmericanindustry.AstheowneroftheFordMotorCompany,hebecameoneoftherichestandbest-knownpeopleintheworld.Heiscreditedwith"Fordism":massproductionofinexpensivegoodscoupledwithhighwagesforworkers.HenryFordSteveJobs(bornasStevenPaulJobs;February24,1955–October5,2011)wasanAmericanentrepreneur,businessman,inventor,andindustrialdesigner.Jobswasthechairman,andthechiefexecutiveofficer(CEO),andaco-founderofAppleInc.;CEOandmajorityshareholderofPixar;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany’sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;SteveJobsandfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXT.JobsandAppleco-founderSteveWozniakarewidelyrecognizedaspioneersofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970sand1980s.JobshasledtocreattheMacintoshcomputer,iMac,

ipad,iPod,iTunesStore,iPhoneandmanyotherwell-knowndigitalproducts.In1985,JobsreceivedagrantfromtheRonaldReaganPresidentialMedalofstate-leveltechnology.In1997hebecamethecoverfigureonTimes.In2007,SteveJobswasregardedasthegreatestbusinessmanoftheyearbyFortunemagazine.In2009hewasvotedasthebestAmericanCEOinthedecadebyFortunemagazine.

OnAugust24,2011,JobsresignedfromthepostofCEOandinOctober5,2011,diedattheageof56.SteveJobsLead-inConversationContentsBusinessNewsPassageChineseandInternationalCultureTourUnit2Lead-in-1|Vocabulary1.entrepreneur:n.apersonwhosetsupbusinessesandbusinessdeals

Youhavetobeanoptimisttobeaninventororentrepreneur.Hepitchedtheemptybottleintothelake.2.pitch:vt.

tothrowsthwithsomeforce,usuallyaimingitcarefullye.g.e.g.作為一個發(fā)明家或企業(yè)家，你必須是一個樂觀主義者。他把空瓶子扔進(jìn)了湖里。Lead-in-1|VocabularyThousandsandthousandsofstartupshavepouredintothecomputermarket.3.startup:n.

anewsmallcompanye.g.4.perspective:n.awayofthinkingaboutsomething

Thenoveliswrittenfromachild’sperspective.e.g.成千上萬的新公司涌入計算機市場。這部小說是從兒童的視角寫的。5.entail:vt.

toinvolvesomethingasanecessarypartorresult6.nurture:n.

careandencouragementthatisgiventosomeonewhiletheyaregrowinganddeveloping

e.g.e.g.Lead-in-1|Vocabulary這樣的決定會在總統(tǒng)大選之際導(dǎo)致巨大的政治風(fēng)險。人的學(xué)習(xí)能力部分是先天的，部分是后天培育的。Suchadecisionwouldentailahugepoliticalriskinthemidstofthepresidentialcampaign.Thehumanorganismlearnspartlybynature,partlybynurture.Lead-in-2|Vocabulary1.devastating:adj.badlydamagingordestroyingsomething2.renaissance:n.

Somethingbecomespopularorsuccessfulagainafteratimewhenpeoplewerenotinterestedinite.g.e.g.Itwillbeadevastatingblowforthetownifthefactorycloses.如果工廠關(guān)閉，對該鎮(zhèn)來說將是沉重的打擊。通俗藝術(shù)正在復(fù)興。Popularartisexperiencingarenaissance.Lead-in-2|CultureTips

1.AppleInc.蘋果公司ApplewasfoundedbySteveJobs,SteveWozniak,andRonaldWayneinApril1976todevelopandsellpersonalcomputers.

AppleInc.isanAmericanmultinationaltechnologycompanyheadquarteredinCupertino,Californiathatdesigns,develops,andsellsconsumerApple’sheadquartersatInfiniteLoopinCupertino,California.electronics,computersoftware,andonlineservices.Thecompany’shardwareproductsincludetheiPhonesmartphone,theiPadtabletcomputer,theMacpersonalcomputers,theiPodportablemediaplayer,theAppleWatchsmartwatch,AppleTVdigitalmediaplayerandHomePodsmartspeaker.Lead-in-2|CultureTips

Appleistheworld’slargestinformationtechnologycompanybyrevenueandtheworld'ssecond-largestmobilephonemanufacturerafterSamsung.InFebruary2015,ApplebecamethefirstU.S.companytobevaluedatoverUS$700billion.Thecompanyemploys116,000full-timeemployeesasofOctober2016andmaintains498retailstoresin22countriesasofJuly2017.ItoperatestheiTunesStore,whichistheworld’slargestmusicretailer.AsofJanuary2016,morethanonebillionAppleproductsareactivelyinuseworldwide.Apple’sworldwideannualrevenuetotaled$215billionforthe2016fiscalyear.Thecompanyenjoysahighlevelofbrandloyaltyandhasbeenrepeatedlyrankedastheworld’smostvaluablebrand.However,itreceivessignificantcriticismregardingthelaborpracticesofitscontractorsanditsenvironmentalandbusinesspractices,includingtheoriginsofsourcematerials.Lead-in-2|CultureTips

2.Macintosh蘋果電腦，麥金托什電腦

TheMacintosh(brandedasMacsince1998)isaseriesofpersonalcomputersdesigned,developed,andmarketedbyAppleInc.SteveJobsintroducedtheoriginalMacintoshcomputeronJanuary24,1984.Thiswasthecompany’sfirstmass-marketpersonalcomputerfeaturinganintegralgraphicaluserinterfaceandmouse.Thisfirstmodelwaslaterrenamedto“Macintosh128k”

TheoriginalMacintosh128KforuniquenessamongstapopulousfamilyofsubsequentlyupdatedmodelswhicharealsobasedonApple’ssameproprietaryarchitecture.Conversation-3|Vocabulary1.multi-national:adj.havingbranchesorcompaniesinmanydifferentcountries

2.generate:v.toproduceorcausesomethinge.g.e.g.amulti-nationalmotor-manufacturingcorporation一家跨國汽車制造公司Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.這個項目將創(chuàng)造許多新的就業(yè)崗位。1.adherence:n.

thefactofadheringtoaparticularrule,agreement,orbelief

2.philanthropist:n.someonewhofreelygivesmoneyandhelptopeoplewhoneedite.g.e.g.Conversation-4|VocabularyTheseregulationshavebeenshapedbyanadherencetobehavioristprinciples.Heisanentrepreneur,notjustaphilanthropist.他不僅僅是一個慈善家，還是一個企業(yè)家。這些規(guī)定是遵循行為主義原則而形成的。3.pledge:v.

to

promiseinaseriouswaytodosth.

4.mighty:adj.

verystrongandpowerful,orverybigandimpressivee.g.e.g.Conversation-4|VocabularyTheCommunistshavepledgedtosupporttheopposition’smotion.Therewasaflashandamightybang.共產(chǎn)黨員們已經(jīng)承諾支持反對黨的動議。一道閃光伴隨著一聲轟然巨響。WarrenBuffett沃倫·巴菲特WarrenEdwardBuffett(bornAugust30,1930)isanAmericanbusinessmagnate,investor,andphilanthropist.Heisconsideredtobeoneofthemostsuccessfulinvestorsintheworld,andthefourthwealthiestintheworld,withatotalnetworthof$73.3billion.

Buffettisanotablephilanthropist,havingpledgedtogiveaway99%ofhisfortunetophilanthropiccauses,primarilyviatheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation.In2009,withBillGatesandMarkZuckerberg,WarrenfoundedTheGivingPledge,wherebybillionairespledgetogiveawayatleasthalfoftheirfortunes.Conversation-4|CultureTips1.manufacturer:n.abusinessorcompanywhichmakesgoodsinlargequantitiestosell

2.outstanding:adj.remarkableandimpressivee.g.e.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyReadthemanufacturer’sinstructionsbeforeusingyournewdishwasher.Heisanoutstandingathleteanddeservedtowin.使用新洗碗機之前，請先閱讀廠家的說明書。他是位杰出的運動員，理應(yīng)獲勝。3.executive:n.

Anexecutiveisaperson

employedbyabusinessataseniorlevel.Executivesdecidewhatthebusinessshoulddo,andensurethatitisdone.

e.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyTobeasuccessfuladvertisingexecutiveneedshardworkforyears.要想成為一名成功的廣告執(zhí)行總監(jiān)需要多年的努力。4.release:v.

toletnewsorofficialinformationbeknownandprintede.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyTheyarenotreadytoreleaseanymoredetails.他們還不準(zhǔn)備公布更多詳細(xì)信息。BusinessNews-1|CultureTips1.Forbes《福布斯》

ForbesisanAmericanbusinessmagazine.Publishedbi-weekly,itfeaturesoriginalarticlesonfinance,industry,investing,andmarketingtopics.Forbesalsoreportsonrelatedsubjectssuchastechnology,communications,science,politics,andlaw.ItsheadquartersislocatedinJerseyCity,NewJersey.Themagazineiswellknownforitslistsandrankings,includingitslistsoftherichestAmericans(theForbes500)andrankingsofworld’stopcompanies(theForbesGlobal2000).Anotherwell-knownlistbythemagazineisTheWorld'sBillionaireslist.BusinessNews-1|CultureTips2.DongMingzhu董明珠DongMingzhu(bornin1954)isaChinesebusinesswoman.SheistheChairwomanofGreeElectric.In2013,DongwasnamedonaForbesAsia

“WomanintheMix”forbusiness.TheNewYorkTimescalledher“oneofthetoughestbusinesswomeninChina.”

SheaimstotransformGreeElectricintoaglobalbrand,settingaqualityexampleforotherChinesemanufacturerstogrowtowards.

BusinessNews-1|CultureTips

In1990,atage36,recentlywidowedDongleftherthree-year-oldsonwithhisgrandmotherandquitherjobatthegovernmentresearchfacilityinordertomovetothemoreeconomicallydevelopedZhuhaiinGuangdongprovinceandfindnewwork.JoiningHaley(GreeElectric’spredecessor)asasalesperson,shemadehermarkfromthestart,recoveringmassivedebtsinalittleovermonth.Fromthenon,herincreasingaccomplishmentsgainednoticefromhigherupsandpromotionscameinquicksuccession.By1994,Dongwasmadeheadofsales,wheresheinnovatedthesalesprocess.Thisdeterminedflexibilitywouldbecomeoneofhermostnotablecharacteristicsthroughouthercareer.BythetimeGreeElectricwentpublicin1996,Dongwasdeputypresident,andlatercompanypresidentin2001.BusinessNews-1|CultureTipsIn2012,shegainedthepositionofGreeElectric’schairwomanaswell.ShewasalsothechairwomenofGreeElectric'sparentcompanyGreeGroupuntilNovember2016.DonghastransformedGreeElectricunderhermanagement,developingitintotheworld’slargesthouseholdair-conditioningunitmaker,andChina’slargesthouseholdappliancemaker(generatingarecordbreaking140billionYuanrevenuein2014).DongalsoplayedakeyroleinshiftingGreeElectric’ssalesfromtraditionaltoonline,whichcontributedsignificantlytothecompany’s2014recordbreakingrevenue.GreeElectric’scompanystockhasrisen2300%duringherstay.

BusinessNews-1|CultureTips3.SunYafang孫亞芳SunYafang(bornin1955)isaChineseengineerwhohasservedasthechairwomanofHuaweisince1999.In2016,sheislistedasthe38thmostpowerfulwomanintheworldbyForbes.4.LucyPeng彭蕾PengLei(alsoLucyPeng,bornin1972)isaChinesebusinessexecutiveandoneofthefoundersoftheChinesee-commercebusinessgroupAlibabaGroup.In2014,PengfoundedAntFinancialServicesinordertosupportsmallbusinesses.Shealsoservedaschiefpeopleofficer,thechiefhumanresourcesofficerforAlibabaGroupforover10years.1.giveaway:to

givesomethingtosomeone,ratherthansellingit2.relinquish:vt.

togiveupe.g.e.g.BusinessNews-2|VocabularyHedecidedtogivehiscollectionawayforfree.Noonewantstorelinquishpoweroncetheyhaveit.他決定無償捐贈他的收藏。人一旦有了權(quán)力就不想放棄。BusinessNews-2|Vocabulary3.retain:vt.

Tokeepsomethingorcontinuetohavesomethinge.g.4.foreseeable:adj.

Aforeseeableeventorsituationisonethatcanbeknownaboutorguessedbeforeithappens.e.g.Theinterioroftheshopstillretainsanineteenth-centuryatmosphere.Itseemstomethatthiscrimewasforeseeableandthisdeathpreventable.那家商店內(nèi)部依然保持著19世紀(jì)的格調(diào)。在我看來這罪行是可以預(yù)見的，死亡是可以避免的。5.string:n.specialconditionse.g.BusinessNews-2|Vocabulary應(yīng)該向發(fā)展中國家提供無附加條件的援助。Aidshouldbegiventodevelopingcountrieswithnostringsattached.BusinessNews-2|NotesCZITheChanZuckerbergInitiative(CZI)isalimitedliabilitycompanyfoundedbyFacebookfounderMarkZuckerbergandPriscillaChanwithaninvestmentof“upto$1billioninFacebooksharesineachofthenextthreeyears.”

ItscreationwasannouncedonDecember1,2015,forthebirthoftheirdaughter,MaximaChanZuckerberg.TheaimoftheChanZuckerbergInitiativeisto“advancehumanpotentialandpromoteequalityinareassuchashealth,education,scientificresearchandenergy.”TheChanZuckerbergInitiativechosetoinvest$24millioninAndelaforitsfirstmajorinitiative.AndelaisastartupfocusedontrainingsoftwaredevelopersinAfricathroughtheirbootcampandfour-yearfellowshipprogram,duringwhichtheypairtheirtraineeswithU.S.companiesneedingdevelopmenthelp.BusinessNews-2|CultureTips1.MarkZuckerberg

馬克-扎克伯格MarkElliotZuckerberg(bornMay14,1984)isanAmericancomputerprogrammerandInternetentrepreneur.Heisaco-founderofFacebook,andcurrentlyoperatesasitschairmanandchiefexecutiveofficer.HisnetworthisestimatedtobeUS$71.8billionasofJuly2017,andheisrankedbyForbesasthefifthrichestpersonintheworld.BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsZuckerberglaunchedFacebookfromhisHarvardUniversitydormitoryroo