英語(yǔ)作文中必備的替換精髓詞匯important=crucial(extremelyimportant),significant(amountoreffectlargeenoughtobeimportant)common=universal,ubiquitous(ifsomethingisubiquitous,itseemstobeeverywhere)abundant=ample(enoughandusuallyextra),plentiful(enoughforpeople'sneedsandwants)stick=adhere,cling(holdonsomethingtightly)neglect=ignore.(difference:neglectmeanssomeonehasnotpaidenoughattentiontosomething;ignoremeansnoattention.)near=adjacent(twothingsnexttoeachother),adjoin(thesameasadjacent)pursue=woo(manwooswoman,old-fashioned),seek(ifyouseeksth,youtrytoobtainit.FORMAL)accurate=precise(preciseisexactandaccurateinalldetails),exact(correctineverydetail)vague=obscure(unknownorknownbyonlyafewpeople)top=peak,summitcompetitor=rival,opponent(especiallyinsportsandpolitics)blame=condemn(ifyoucondemnsomething,yousayitisverybadandunacceptable)13.opinon=perspective,standpoint(meanslookingataneventorsituationinaparticularway)14.fame=prestige(describethosewhoareadmired),reputation15.build=erect(youcanerectsomethingasbuildings,FORMAL),establish16.insult=humiliate(dosomethingorsaysomethingwhichmakespeoplefeelashamedorstupid)complain=grumble(complainsomethinginabad-temperedway)primary=radical(veryimportantandgreatindegree),fundamentalrelieve=alleviate(alleviatemeansyoumakepainorsufferingslessintenseorsevere)force=coercesinto(coercemeansyoumakesomeonedosomethings/hedoesnotwantto),compelenlarge=magnify(magnifymeansmakesomethinglargerthanitreallyis)complex=intricate(ifsomethingisintricate,itoftenhasmanysmallpartsanddetails)Lonely=solitary(ifsomeoneissolitary,thereisnoonenearhim/hersmall=minuscule(verysmall),minute,praise=extol(strongerthanpraise),compliment(politeandpolitical)hard-working=assiduous(someonewhoisassiduousworkshardordoesthingsverythoroughlydifficult=arduous(ifsomethingisarduous,itisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofefforts)poor(soil)=barren,infertile(usedtodescribethesoilissopoorthatplantscannotbeplantedonit)fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someonewhoisvulnerableiseasilyhurtemotionallyorphysically)show=demonstrate(todemonstrateafactmeanstpmakeitcleartopeople.)big=massive(largeinsize,quantity,orextent),colossal(usethisword,youemphasizesomething 'slarge),tremendous(INFORMAL)avoid=shun(ifsomeoneshunssomething,s/hedeliberatelyavoidthatsomethingorkeepawayfromit.)fair=impartial(someonewhoisimpartialisabletogiveafairopinionordecisiononsomething.)attack=assault(physicallyattacksomeone),assail(attackviolently)dislike=abhor(abhormeansyouhatesomethingtoaextremeextentformoralreasons),loathe(dislikeverymuch)!ruin=devastate(itmeansdamagesomethingverybadly,orutterlydestroyit.)always=invariably(thesameasalways,butbetterthanalways)forever=perpetual(aperpetualstateneverchanges),immutable(somethingimmutablewillneverchangeorbechanged)surprise=startle(itmeanssurpriseyouslightly),astound(surpriseyoutoalargedegree),astonish(thesameasastound)enthusiasm=zeal(agreatenthusiasm),fervency(sincereandenthusiasm)quiet=tranquil(calmandpeaceful),serene(calmandquiet)expensive=exorbitant(itmeanstooexpensivethatitshouldbe)45.luxurious=lavish(impressiveandveryexpensive),sumptuous(grandandveryexpensive)boring=tedious(ifyoudescribesomethingtedious,youmeanitisboringandfrustrating)respect=esteem(ifyouesteemsomeone,yourespectandadmirehim/her.FORMAL)worry=fret(ifyoufretaboutsomething,youworryaboutit)cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold),icy(extremelycold)hot=boiling(veryhot)dangerous=perilous(verydangerous,hazardous(dangerous,especiallytopeople'ssafetyandhealth)nowadays=currently53.only=unique(theonlyoneofitskind),distinctivestop=cease(ifsomethingceases,itstopshappeningorexisting)part=component(thecomponentsofsomethingarethepartsthatitismadeof)result=consequence(theresultsoreffectsofsomething)57.obvious=apparent,manifest58.basedon=derivedfromcanseeornoticethemveryeasily)quite=fairlypathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortableanddisappointing)field=domain(aparticularfieldofthought,activitiesorinterest)appear=emerge(comeintoexistence)whole=entire(thewholeofsomething)wet=moist(slightlywet),damp(slightlywet),humid(verydampandhot)wrong=erroneous(incorrectorpartlycorrect)difficult=formidablechange=convert(changeintoanotherform)typical=quintessential(thiswordmeansrepresentatypicalexampleofsomething)careful=cautious(verycarefulinordertoavoiddanger),prudent(carefulandsensible)ability=capacity,capability(thesameasability)strange=eccentric(ifsomeoneiseccentric,s/hebehavesinastrangeway,orhis/heropinionisdifferentfrommostpeople)rich=affluent(ifyouareaffluent,youhavealotofmoney)use=utilize(thesameasuse)dubious=skeptical(ifyouareskepticalaboutsomething,youhavedoubtsonit.)satisfy=gratify(ifyouaregratifiedbysomething,itgivesyoupleasureandsatisfaction)short=fleeting,ephemeral(ifsomethingisephemeral,itlastsashorttime)scholarship=fellowshipangry=enraged(extremelyangry)smelly=malodorous(usedtodescribeanunpleasantsmell)ugly=hideous(ifsomethingishideous,itisveryuglyorunattractive)#attractive=appealing(pleasingandattractive),absorbing(somethingabsorbingcanattractyouagreatdeal)diverse=miscellaneous(amiscellaneousgroupsconsistsofmanydifferentkindsofthings)disorder=disarray,chaoscrazily=frantically(usedtodescribesomeonewhobehavesinawildanduncontrolledway)rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoricisonlyusedtodescribesomeoneachievessuccessquickly)87.ordinary=mundane(veryordinaryandnotatinterestingorunusual)despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)best=optimal(usedtodescribethebestlevelsomethingcanachieve)/sharp=acute(severeandintense)unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyoudeemsomethinginconceivable,youthinkitveryunliketohappen)puzzle=perplex(somethingperplexsomeonemeansitconfusesandworrieshim/herbecausehe/shedoesnotunderstandit)method=avenue(awayofgettingsomethingdone)famous=distinguished(usedtodescribepeoplewhoaresuccessfulintheircareer)ancient=archaic(extremelyoldandextremelyold-fashioned)decorate=embellish(embellishmeansmakesomethinglookmoreattractiveviadecoratingitwithsomethingelse)possible=feasible(ifsomethingisfeasible,itcanbedone,madeorachieved)so=consequently,accordinglyrare=infrequent(doesn'thappenoften)greedy=rapacious(greedyandselfish)寫(xiě)作短語(yǔ)byaccident偶然onaccountof?因?yàn)?,由于?inadditionto?除?之外on(the/an)average 平均,一般來(lái)說(shuō)onthebasisof?根據(jù)?,在?的基礎(chǔ)上at(the)best充其量,至多onbusiness因公,因事inanycase無(wú)論如何,總之incaseof?假使?,萬(wàn)一?incase假如,以防（萬(wàn)一）免得innocase決不keep/holdpacewith ?跟上?,與?同步takeplace發(fā)生,進(jìn)行taketheplaceof?代替?makesense講得通,有意義agreat/gooddealof 大量（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）influenceon影響replyto?回答?,答復(fù)?onceuponatime從前onceinawhile偶爾,有時(shí)accountfor?說(shuō)明?allowfor?考慮到?liveon/by?靠?生活,以?為食referto?參考?,查閱?,涉及?,提到?serveas?用做?takefor把??認(rèn)為是?,把??看成是?thinkover仔細(xì)考慮dependon?取決于?devoteto?奉獻(xiàn)?,致力于?engagein?從事于?,忙著?insiston?堅(jiān)持?lookforwardto?盼望?,期待??和?有點(diǎn)關(guān)系havesomethingtodowith?和?有點(diǎn)關(guān)系havenothingtodowith ?和?毫無(wú)關(guān)系befedupwith?對(duì)?感到厭煩take...as把?做為?thinkof...as?把?看做是?beabundantin?富于?,富有?beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beawareof?意識(shí)到?bebasedon?根據(jù)?,以?為基礎(chǔ)becharacterizedby?以?為特征becomposedof?由?組成beconcernedabout?關(guān)心?,掛念?bedeterminedtodosomething決心做beequalto?等于befreefrom沒(méi)有??的,不受??影響beidentifiedas被認(rèn)為是?beknownas被稱做??,以??著稱beknownto為??所熟知bepopularwith受??歡迎bepreparedfor對(duì)??做好準(zhǔn)備beregardedas被認(rèn)為是?,被當(dāng)做是?besatisfiedwith對(duì)??滿意,滿足于?besecondto?次于?besickof?對(duì)?感到厭倦beusedas?被用做?beusedto?習(xí)慣于?getusedto?習(xí)慣于?allofasudden突然allthetime一直,始終asarule通常,照例asfaras...beconcerned 就...而言asto?至于?,關(guān)于?atbest充其量,至多beforelong不久以后beyondquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)byallmeans盡一切辦法,務(wù)必everynowandthen 時(shí)而,偶爾initself本質(zhì)上,就其本身而言soonerorlater 遲早,早晚abideby?遵守?,信守?agreewith與?相一致同意?bebeneficialto?有利于?,有益于?turnablindeyeto?對(duì)?視而不見(jiàn)byleapsandbounds飛速地,突飛猛進(jìn)地whenitcomesto 一談到?,就?而論disagreewith?與?意見(jiàn)不一致不同意?giveanopinionon?對(duì)?發(fā)表意見(jiàn)adaptoneselfto?=adjustoneselfto ?使自己適應(yīng)于?

attribute?to?把?歸因于?,認(rèn)為?是?的結(jié)果commenton?評(píng)論?concentrateon/upon ?集中注意力于?onthecontrary與之相反convincesomebodyofsomething使某人確信某事deprivesomebodyofsomething剝奪某人某物derivefrom?起源于indetail詳細(xì)地beequippedwith?裝備有?inessence本質(zhì)上通知某人某事to?extent在?程度上informsomebodyofsomethingliein在于?來(lái)源:網(wǎng)majorin主修?通知某人某事inthelightof?按照?,根據(jù)?bychance偶然,碰巧inchargeof?負(fù)責(zé)?,主管?incommon共用,共有,共同inconclusion最后,總之onconditionthat在?條件下inconnectionwith/to?關(guān)于?inconsequence因此,結(jié)果inconsequenceof?由于?的緣故onthecontrary反之,正相反incontrastwith/to?與?成對(duì)照undercontrol被控制住atallcosts不惜任何代價(jià)atthecostof?以?為代價(jià)inthecourseof?在?過(guò)程中,在?期間indetail詳細(xì)地論壇indifficulties處境困難onearth究竟,到底atallevents無(wú)論如何inanyevent無(wú)論如何ineffect實(shí)際上withtheexceptionof?除?之外inthefaceof?面對(duì)?,不顧?infavorof?有利于?,贊成?,支持?ingeneral通常,大體上atheart在內(nèi)心,實(shí)質(zhì)上inhonorof?為紀(jì)念?,向?表示敬意atintervals不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí)atlength終于,最后,詳細(xì)地ataloss困惑,不知所措byallmeans無(wú)論如何,必定bymeansof?借助于?,用?bynomeans決不bymistake錯(cuò)誤地innature本質(zhì)上onoccasion有時(shí),不時(shí)inparticular特別地,尤其,詳細(xì)地inthefirstplace起初,首先inthelastplace最后inpractice實(shí)際上來(lái)源：atpresent目前,現(xiàn)在inproportionto?與?成比例for(the)purposeof?為了?onpurpose故意,有意atrandom隨意地,任意地atanyrate無(wú)論如何,至少byreasonof?由于?with/inregardto?對(duì)于?,就?而論withrespectto?關(guān)于?asaresult結(jié)果,因此asaresultof?由于?的緣故inthelongrun最終,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看forthesakeof?為了?起見(jiàn)atfirstsight乍一看,初看起來(lái)inspiteof?不管?,不顧?intermsof?依據(jù)?,按照?onthesecondthoughts 經(jīng)重新考慮,一轉(zhuǎn)念intruth事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上,的確onthewhole總的來(lái)說(shuō)have/gainaccessto?可以獲得?oaccount把?加以考慮論壇gain/haveanadvantageover ?勝過(guò)?,優(yōu)于?takeadvantageof?利用?,趁?之機(jī)makethebestof?充分利用?,妥善處理?takechargeof?擔(dān)任?,負(fù)責(zé)?makea/thedifference 有影響,很重要carry/bringintoeffect 使生效,使起作用putintoeffect實(shí)行,生效come/gointoeffect 生效,實(shí)施keepaneyeon?留意?,照看?bear/keepinmind記住makeupone'smind下決心.不用說(shuō)?It?goeswithoutsayingthat 從句=(Itis)needlesstosay(that) 從句=Itisobviousthat 從句=Obviously,S.+V.例∶不用說(shuō)早睡早起是值得的.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours.我深信?Iamgreatlyconvinced(that) 從句=Iamgreatlyassured(that) 從句例∶我深信預(yù)防好于治療.Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure.在各種?之中??Amongvariouskindsof ?,?=Ofallthe?,?例∶在各種運(yùn)動(dòng)中 ?我尤其喜歡.慢跑Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular.?是很容易證明的.Itcanbeeasilyproved(that) 從句例∶時(shí)間最珍貴是很容易證明的.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime.?無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò).??無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò).?cannotbeoveremphasized例∶交通安全的重要性無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò) .Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.就我的看法 ??；我認(rèn)為In?myopinion, ?=Tomymind,?.=AsfarasIamconcerned, ?例∶就我的看法?打電動(dòng)玩具既花費(fèi)時(shí)間也有害健康.Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutisalsoharmfultohealth.(A)每個(gè)人都知道?Everyoneknows(that) 從句＝It'swell-knownthat=Asweallknow, ?(B)就我所知?As?farasmyknowledgeisconcerned, ?例∶就我所知 ?下列方法對(duì)我?guī)椭?大Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,thefollowingwaysareofgreathelptome.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地T?h?ereisnodoubt(that) 從句例∶毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地 ?近視在我國(guó)的年輕人中是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn).題Thereisnodoubtthatnear-sightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn) Ac?co?rdingtomypersonalexperience, ?=Basedonmypersonalexperience, ?例∶根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn) ?微笑已帶給我許多.好A處ccordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood.在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中 ?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比?更值得我尊.敬OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethan ?例∶在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中 ?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬.OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethanMissChang,myEnglishteacher.(A)隨著人口的增加 W?i?ththeincrease/growthofthepopulation, ??許多社(B)隨著科技的進(jìn)步,?Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology, ?許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生了.WiththerapiddevelopmentofTaiwan'seconomy,alotofsocialproblemshavecometopass.寫(xiě)作高頻詞匯Education類詞匯Education:培養(yǎng)(某種素質(zhì))cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)心理健康心理健康學(xué)習(xí)能力（先天就有的）學(xué)習(xí)能力（后天學(xué)習(xí)到的）學(xué)生接受的學(xué)校教育（名詞）兒童接受的家庭教育（名詞）給學(xué)生以動(dòng)力青少年mentalandemotionaldevelopmentIntellectualandemotionaldevelopmentpsychologicalsoundnesspsychologicalwell-beingPsychologicalwelfare(nouns)aptitude、talentability、skillschooling(noun)upbringinggivethestudentsmotivationtodosomethingmotivate(vt)thestudenttodosomethingadolescents、youngsters、youths2）傳授知識(shí)impart(vt)、inculcate(vt)knowledge灌輸高尚的道德觀念instill(vt)highmoralvalues( 注以values復(fù)數(shù)比試價(jià)值觀)給學(xué)生以靈感stimulatethestudent 'sthoughtgivethestudentsinspiration家長(zhǎng)教育子女的方式（名詞）parenting、upbringing教學(xué)法teachingmethodology 、pedagogicalmethodology適應(yīng)（動(dòng)詞）adapttodosomethingadjustoneselftodosomethingbecomeaccustomedtodosomething適應(yīng)能力adaptability學(xué)生對(duì)老師所教授的知識(shí)的掌握students'grasp

command(nouns)ofwhathasbeentaught就業(yè)技能employable、marketableskill3)限制創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展extinguish(vt)、stifle(vt)、constrain(vt)creativity(noun)打擊學(xué)生的積極性dampenthestudents'enthusiasmsap(vts)thestudents'enthusiasmfrustratethestudents產(chǎn)生不必要的壓力beget、createunduepressure塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt)one'scharacter責(zé)任感asenseofobligation學(xué)生不應(yīng)該只是被動(dòng)的接收簡(jiǎn)單知識(shí)的容器studentshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死記硬背learnthingbyrote.4)記憶方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorizeequationsmemorizeFormulasmemorizetheoremsmemorizelaws(nouns)應(yīng)用apply(vt)盲從followsomethingblindlyfollowsomethingindiscriminately (adv)用填鴨式教學(xué)教育學(xué)生force-feed(vt)thestudents為了記憶而記憶memorizeformemorization'sownsakesegregate(vt)students5)把學(xué)生分開(kāi)教育(比如根據(jù)智力或者課堂上的表現(xiàn))segregate(vt)students來(lái)自于其他同學(xué)的壓力peerpressure逆境adversecircumstancesadverseadversity團(tuán)隊(duì)精神teamspirit(noun)獨(dú)立思考thinkindependently(adv)6）在理解的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)learnthingsthroughunderstanding鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用辨證的眼光看問(wèn)題 encouragestudentstothinkcritically(adv)學(xué)生的反饋students'feedbackstudents'input學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)老師的教學(xué)studentsappraisetheirteachers 'performanceevaluatetheirteachers'performance7）學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的各門(mén)功課加在一起具體的一門(mén)課的內(nèi)容課外活動(dòng)學(xué)校是社會(huì)的縮影不遵守紀(jì)律（名詞）不遵守紀(jì)律的（形容詞）學(xué)生8）理論知識(shí)通才generalistcurriculum(noun)syllabusextra-curricularactivityAschoolissocietyinminiatureindiscipline、misbehavior、mischief(nouns)disruptivestudentsunrulystudentstheoreticalknowledge專才specialist為社會(huì)健康發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)contributetosocietalwell-beingcontributetosocietalwelfare（注意這里welfare不是“福利”的意思）9）大學(xué)學(xué)科的分類可以分為：人文學(xué)科（包括文學(xué)、歷史、語(yǔ)言學(xué)等）社會(huì)科學(xué)（包括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)學(xué)等）humanities藝術(shù)（包括音樂(lè)、雕塑等）socialsciencesarts文科的總稱也可以稱為liberalartsliberalstudies理科（包括物理、化學(xué)、生物等）sciences工科(包括工程，自動(dòng)化等）基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)basicsciences應(yīng)用科學(xué)appliedsciences小學(xué)教育primary-leveleducation中學(xué)教育secondary-leveleducation大學(xué)教育tertiary-leveleducation職業(yè)教育vocationaleducation/training青少年adolescents/youngsters/YouthsTechnology&media 類詞匯10)尖端的技術(shù) cutting-edged(adj)technology信息爆炸informationexplosion/informationoverload信息時(shí)代theinformationage/theinformationera科技創(chuàng)新及發(fā)展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressions(nouns)提高效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)efficiency提高生產(chǎn)效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)productivity11）減少人力的機(jī)器（計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)明之前的技術(shù)）取代人力的機(jī)器labor-replacingmachinery自動(dòng)化automation(noun)、automated(adj)生物技術(shù)biotechnology克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb)遠(yuǎn)程通訊telecommunications(noun)太空探索（名詞）spaceexploration人的基因構(gòu)成one'sgeneticmakeupone'sDNAprogramminglabor-savingmachineryMedia12)實(shí)事currentaffairs新聞界thepress印刷媒體（如報(bào)紙、雜志）theprintmedia報(bào)道新聞的機(jī)構(gòu)newsoutlets電子媒體theelectronicmedia無(wú)處不在的prevalent、ubiquitous、pervasive充斥著?beawashwithbeinundatedwithbesaturatedwithsomething刪除delete、eliminate、excise(vts)過(guò)多的暴力與色情內(nèi)容excessiveviolentandpornographiccontentsgratuitousviolentandpornographiccontents13)有誤導(dǎo)性的misleading、misrepresented、distorted詐騙性的fraudulent虛假的false、bogus報(bào)道非常詳細(xì)的細(xì)節(jié)reportsomethingingraphicdetail媒體炒作mediahype夸大事實(shí)exaggeratethingssensationalizethingsblowthingsoutofallproportion(最后一個(gè)口語(yǔ)化說(shuō)法，但作文也可用)客觀公正的objectiveandbalanced揭露expose、reveal14)侵犯隱私violatesomeone‘sprivacyintrudeonsomeone‘sprivacyinfringeonsomeone ‘sprivacy毀壞某人的名譽(yù)tarnishone'sreputationSullyone'sreputationSmearone'sreputationbesmirchone'sreputation丑聞掩蓋（丑聞或罪行等）scandalscoverupglossoverwhitewash15）不客觀的，不公正的biased、skewed、un-objective如實(shí)描寫(xiě)factualaccounts可信的reliable、trustworthy、dependable及時(shí)的up-to-dateup-to–the-minute（后者比前者更及時(shí)）信息量大的informative娛樂(lè)性強(qiáng)的entertaining有新聞價(jià)值newsworthy道德準(zhǔn)則codeofethiccodeofconducttouristattractiontouristspotsplacesofinterestpushbackTourismtouristattractiontouristspotsplacesofinterestpushback16）旅游景點(diǎn)開(kāi)闊眼界expandonesvisionhorizons(注意horizons必須是復(fù)數(shù))游客與當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶?dòng)Touristscaninteractwiththelocals促進(jìn)文化交流promoteculturalcommunication吸引draw、attract、appealto(vts)、beamagnetforsomebody親身體驗(yàn)（名詞）first-handexperience(noun)多種感觀體驗(yàn)的（如聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)等）multi-sensory（adj）沖突conflict(noun,vi+with)爭(zhēng)端discord、dissension把游客和當(dāng)?shù)厝烁艚^secludethetouristsfromthelocalsisolate(vts)thetouristsfromthelocals商業(yè)化欺騙游客的手段商業(yè)化欺騙游客的手段間接體驗(yàn)（比如通過(guò)電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，名詞）文化遺產(chǎn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不會(huì)讓旅游業(yè)過(guò)時(shí)commercialize、commodify(vts)touristtrapssecond-handexperiencevicariousexperienceculturalheritageTheInternetwillnotrendertourismobsolete.Government類詞匯Government17)當(dāng)局authorities老百姓citizens、thecitizenry(全體公民，不可數(shù))

實(shí)施implement立法legislate、makelaws嚴(yán)禁strictlyprohibitbanaltogether嚴(yán)格的法律stringentlaws/legislation監(jiān)督scrutiny(noun)、scrutinize(vt)、monitor(vt)19)為?撥款allocatemoneytosomethingsubsidize(vt)beapatronofinvestinfinance(vt)fund(vt)dedicatemoneytosomething預(yù)算budget稅收taxrevenue政府在某方面的開(kāi)支thegovernmentspendingexpenditureonsomething削減curtail增加augment當(dāng)務(wù)之急priority把?當(dāng)成當(dāng)務(wù)之急giveprioritytosomething.責(zé)任obligation、responsibility

自衛(wèi)self-defense國(guó)土安全nationalsecurityhomelandsecurity缺乏遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的政策short-sightedpolicy擴(kuò)張expansion/aggression謀求霸權(quán)seekhegemonypursue(vts)hegemony惡性循環(huán)aviciouscircle地區(qū)不穩(wěn)定因素destabilizingfactor規(guī)章制度rulesandregulations21)太空競(jìng)賽spacerace武器arms、weapons、armaments下崗工人lay-offworkersdownsizeworkers失業(yè)unemployment、joblessness基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure比如publictransportsystem公共交通系統(tǒng)powergrid電網(wǎng)pipelines石油和天然氣管道watersupplyanddrainagesystem 給排水系統(tǒng)等民主與開(kāi)放的政府 ademocraticandprogressivegovernmentAnimals類詞匯

Animals22)動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)主義者animalrightsactivists醫(yī)學(xué)研究medicalresearch殘忍的cruel、merciless、inhuman、callous、brutal活體解剖vivisection麻醉anaesthetic減輕動(dòng)物的痛苦alleviate、easeanimals'pain寵物是主人的伙伴petsarecompanionsoftheirmasters給主人心理安慰affordtheirmastersconsolationandcomfort偷獵poach(vi,vt)、poaching(noun)某一種事物是沒(méi)有替代物的therearenoreplacementforsomething.therearenoSubstitutesforsomething.therearenoalternatives( 單數(shù)則去掉s)forsomething.Language&Culture 必備詞匯23)一種可以通用的語(yǔ)言(比如英語(yǔ))alinguafrancaauniversallanguageagloballanguage英語(yǔ)的廣泛應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的統(tǒng)治地位theproliferationofEnglish

thedominantroleofEnglish

theascendancyofEnglish英語(yǔ)的廣泛應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的統(tǒng)治地位thehegemonyofEnglish小語(yǔ)種將會(huì)消亡小語(yǔ)種的消亡小語(yǔ)種將會(huì)消亡小語(yǔ)種的消亡24）文化遺產(chǎn)包括有形跟無(wú)形兩種，有形的入歷史遺跡，無(wú)形的入風(fēng)俗，儀式，傳統(tǒng)道德觀念等Culturalheritagecanbedividedintotwogroups,tangibleculturalheritage,suchashistoricsitesandintangibleheritage,suchascustoms,rites,ritualsandmores,etc.保護(hù) preserve祖先 forefathers/ancestors后代 descendants/posterity（后一個(gè)是不可數(shù)名詞）少數(shù)民族e(cuò)thnicminorities25)民族團(tuán)結(jié)theharmonybetweenethnicgroup/race文化融合culturalintegrationandsynthesis相互影響interaction文化多元性culturaldiversity豐富enrich狹隘的觀念insular、provincial、parochialmentality貶低deprecatedDenigrateminimizetheimportanceofDisparageTrivializediscreditsomethingisnotcarvedinstonevii.Development類常用詞匯26)生活節(jié)奏加速thetempooflifehasacceleratedthepaceoflifehasaccelerated疲勞fatigue導(dǎo)致人與人的疏遠(yuǎn)createalienationbetweenpeople過(guò)于功利的materialistic、mercenary、money-worshiping追求最大限度利潤(rùn)pursuemaximumprofit交通堵塞trafficjamstrafficcongestionsgridblock（最后一個(gè)是不可數(shù)名詞）阻礙impede、hinder、hamper、obstruct、inhibit扶貧povertyalleviation就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)jobopportunity/employmentopportunity貧窮的needy、poverty-stricken、impoverished、deprived、destitute、indigent富裕的affluent、wealthy、well-off27)撞車carwreckscaraccidents行人pedestrians交通肇事者trafficaccidentperpetrators違章橫穿馬路jaywalk（可以記憶為：周杰倫走路――不走尋常路――美特斯邦威）監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭surveillancecameras28）有特殊審美價(jià)值的老房子oldbuildingsofspecialaestheticvalue（注意審美觀的英文說(shuō)法是aestheticvalues復(fù)數(shù))有歷史特殊意義的老房子buildingsofhistoricsignificance民居vernaculardwellings讓城市更美觀beautifythecitiesbetterthecityscape破舊的房子decrepit、rundown、rickety、dilapidated拆除teardownabuildingdemolishabuildingrazeabuildingknockdownabuilding高樓high-risebuilding摩天樓skyscrapers城市化urbanization城鄉(xiāng)差距thedisparitybetweenthecityandcountryside城市的urban鄉(xiāng)村的rural搬遷relocate(vi,vt)休閑leisure、recreation精神上的享受amusementandenjoyment娛樂(lè)entertainment、diversion寬松的管理laissez-fairemanagement運(yùn)營(yíng)成本operatingcostsoverheadcosts雇用recruit會(huì)導(dǎo)致效率降低的counterproductive勞動(dòng)力資源laborpool抑郁癥depression失眠sleeplessness、sleep-deprivation、insomnia人口爆炸populationexplosion/populationboom控制人口birthcontrol、familyplanning愛(ài)慕虛榮的pretentious、ostentatious缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)的生活方式sedentarylifestyle營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩overnourishmentviii.Environment類常用詞匯Environment30)生態(tài)平衡ecologicalbalanceecologicalequilibrium可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainabledevelopment環(huán)保主義者environmentalists、conservationists保護(hù)preserve再利用（動(dòng)詞）reuse、recycle各國(guó)必須攜手解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題：Countriesonthisplanetmustjoinforces/makeaconcertedeffort/unitetocombat/tackle/resolve/addressenvironmentalproblems.增強(qiáng)公眾關(guān)于?的意識(shí)raisethepublicawarenessofsomethingelevatethepublicawarenessofsomething短缺shortage、scarcity、dearth、lack給資源造成很大壓力putastrainonthealreadystretchedresource破壞自然資源wreakhavoconnaturalresources砍伐森林deforestation污染pollute、contaminate有毒的poisonous、toxic31）增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量boostcropyield可再生資源renewableresource不可再生資源non-renewableresource（包括金屬metal,礦產(chǎn)minerals,石油petroleum,天然氣naturalgas,煤coal等，后三種可以總稱為fossilfuels）消耗（某種資源）consume、deplete用盡useup、exhaust嚴(yán)厲的措施harshactionmeasures某一地區(qū)所有的生物的總稱hewildlifeinaregion/thebiota(=flora+fauna)ofaregion生物多樣性biodiversity32)污水effluent/sewage排放discharge溫室效應(yīng)greenhouseeffectglobalwarming嚴(yán)重的severe、grave白色污染產(chǎn)生的垃圾non-biodegradablegarbagewastesthatcannotdecomposeorbreakdown/inorganictrash譴責(zé)而不是縱容condemnratherthancondonesomething臭氧層ozonelayer肥沃的土壤fertilesoil貧瘠的土壤infertilesoil耕地arableland/farmlandix.Globalization 類常用詞匯Globalization35)(一個(gè)國(guó)家或者地區(qū)的)文化特性(nationalorregional )culturalidentity全球文化同一化過(guò)程 globalculturalhomogenization名詞，即地區(qū)文化特征的消失)

全球化是一把雙刃劍地球村Globalizationisatwo-edgesword.全球化是一把雙刃劍地球村theglobalvillagex.Family類常用詞匯37）老年人elderlypeople/seniorcitizens家庭成員間的情感紐帶familybonds/familyties歸屬感asenseofbelonging對(duì)?的依戀anattachmenttosomething/anaffinityforsomething貧窮的家庭deprivedfamilies富裕的家庭affluentfamilies單親家庭single-parenthousehold虐待mistreat、abuse家庭暴力domesticviolence毒品上癮addictiontodrugsbeaddictedtodrugs寫(xiě)作必背40個(gè)提分句式.ItmustbepointedoutthatitisoneofourbasicStatepoliciestocontrolpopulationgrowthwhileraisingthequalityofthepopulation.Itis(hasbeen)estimatedthattheworld'spopulationcouldreach6billionbytheendofthecentury.Itmustbekeptinmindthatthereisnosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.Itcanbeseenfromthisthatthereisnodifficultyintheworldwecanovercome.5.Asisknownmanistheproductoflabour.Itisacommonsayingthatmanwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.Itisclearthattheenemyhasnodesireforpeace.ItishardtoimaginehowEdisonmanagedtoworktwentyhourseachday.It'shardtosaywhethertheplanispracticable.Thereisnodoubtthatyouwillbehelpedbyothersifyouhaveanydifficulties.Itseemscertainthattheyhavemadeaseriesofexperiments.Itissaidthatbatshavebeenusingradarformillionsofyears.Totellthetruth,manymistakeswemadecouldhavebeenavoided.Asweknow,itwasnotuntilrecentlythattheproblemwassolved.Itmustbeadmittedthatyouhaven'tdonewhatyoupromisedtodo.Inmyopinion,thiscomputerisdifferentfromthatoneyousaw.Itiscertainthatwehavealongwaytogo.Allthisshowsthatnothingcanpreventusfromreachingouraims.Asfarasweknow,ittookhimmorethanayeartowritethe